Project List
Get a list of Project objects. Projects have a 1:1 mapping with Observations.
### Available end points:
- `/projects/` - Will list all Projects in the database
- `/projects.json` - Will return all Projects in json format
- `/projects/<object_id>/` - Returns Projects object with that id
### Available Methods:
- `GET`
- `HEAD`
### Available filters:
- `uuid`
- `status`
- `title`
- `keywords`
### How to use filters:
- `/projects/?uuid=ab4ca8d019d148f78afba1cd20872bdd`
- `/projects/?title__icontains!=Project details`
- `/projects.json?status=ongoing`
GET /api/v2/projects/?format=api&offset=1100
{ "count": 1624, "next": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/?format=api&limit=100&offset=1200", "previous": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/?format=api&limit=100&offset=1000", "results": [ { "ob_id": 19899, "uuid": "585dbd94fa1b4ebcb2502741e671f907", "title": "AATSR Mission", "abstract": "The (A)ATSR (Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer) mission programme was funded jointly by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change External Link (DECC) and the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research External Link (DIISR).\r\n\r\nThe instrument was built by Astrium, subsequently calibrated and characterised at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and continues the ATSR-1 and ATSR-2 mission data sets of precise sea surface temperature (SST), thereby ensuring the production of a 17 year near-continuous data set from the ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT missions at the levels of accuracy of 0.3 K or better for climate research.\r\n\r\nThe instrument uses thermal channels at 3.7, 10.8, and 12 microns wavelength; and reflected visible/near infra-red channels at 0.555, 0.659, 0.865, and 1.61 microns wavelength. Level 1b products contain gridded brightness temperature and reflectance. Level 2 products contain land and sea-surface temperature, and NDVI at a range of spatial resolutions. The third reprocessing was done to implement updated algorithms, processors, and auxiliary files. The data were acquired by the European Space Agency's (ESA) Envisat satellite, and the NERC Earth Observation Data Centre (NEODC) mirrors the data for UK users.", "keywords": "AATSR, temperature, reflectance, satellite", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8059/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/10916/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19727/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19734/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/41204/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/19726/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75631/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75632/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75633/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75634/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75635/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19905, "uuid": "fe42fbfd372d4d7e905cfb84f2728f77", "title": "ATSR-1 Mission", "abstract": "Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-1) mission was funded jointly by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change External Link (DECC) and the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research External Link (DIISR).", "keywords": "ATSR, temperature, reflectance, satellite", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/10983/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19728/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19729/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19735/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19736/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/19726/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75661/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75662/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75663/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75665/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75664/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19910, "uuid": "be02159d0d9b4ce49e9c90378206e283", "title": "ATSR-2 Mission", "abstract": "Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-2) mission was funded jointly by the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change External Link (DECC) and the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research External Link (DIISR).", "keywords": "ATSR, temperature, reflectance, satellite", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19730/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19731/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19737/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19738/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/40086/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/19726/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75686/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75687/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75688/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75690/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75689/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19921, "uuid": "039fa6aef65d4adf96f064188bbf7a00", "title": "Brazil-UK Network for Investigation of Amazonian Atmospheric Composition and Impacts on Climate (BUNIAACIC)", "abstract": "The Brazil-UK Network for Investigation of Amazonian Atmospheric Composition and Impacts on Climate (BUNIAACIC) collaboration was a NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) funded project (NE/I030178/1)\r\n\r\nThis project aimed to develop a coherent strategy for UK studies of atmospheric composition and impacts in the Amazon. \r\n\r\nA network of Brazilian and UK atmospheric researchers were established to scope potential collaborative opportunities by exploiting and extending the infrastructural framework of the FAPESP AEROCLIMA Thematic Grant. An early secondment of CAS staff to São Paulo followed by a broad kick-off workshop were used to initiate the scoping study. Potential UK activities at various stages of development were drawn into a broader strategy of International collaboration and opportunities for further consortium scale activities were developed. A UK office for collaboration on Amazonian atmospheric research was established at the University of Manchester. \r\n\r\nThe long-term particulate monitoring programme within AEROCLIMA was expanded to include online aerosol composition measurements at the pristine rainforest site. Secondment of São Paulo staff to CAS ensured adequate training was provided in the operation of the instrumentation, data analysis and quality control. A pump-priming pilot scale intensive deployment of the CAS container laboratory with additional particulate measurement instrumentation were used to i) validate the long-term measurements, ii) quantitatively interpret the impacts of aerosol composition on physical properties of climate relevance in the context of the long-term variability, iii) act as a focal measurement suite around which a broader consortium-scale activity can be developed. \r\n\r\nA strategy for the medium and longer term collaborative efforts were developed based on the initial scoping study and consultation throughout the UK research community. This strategy was consolidated into a White Paper outlining the Brazil-UK collaborative opportunities and recommended participation of UK groups in Amazonian atmospheric research.", "keywords": "BUNIAACIC, Brazil, chemistry, pollution", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/19922/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75718/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75719/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75721/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75722/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75723/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75720/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19935, "uuid": "e3671d66b85f4beb890c0475d6adf73a", "title": "WaLiTemp- Inter-comparison of airborne and ground-based lidar measurements for the characterization of atmospheric water vapour and temperature profiles", "abstract": "This EUFAR project was an inter-comparison of airborne and ground-based lidar measurements for the characterization of atmospheric water vapour and temperature profiles project aimed to provide error estimates for the temperature profiles measured by the ground-based University of BASILicata Raman lidar system (BASIL)\r\nand for the water vapour profiles measured by the H2O-DIAL system (LEANDRE 2) flying onboard the SAFIRE ATR42 research aircraft. \r\n\r\nStarting date: 01-09-2012\r\nEnding date: 05-11-2012 ", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9204/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24456/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75800/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75799/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75797/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75798/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105793/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105838/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19937, "uuid": "ae19aaf7f405456bb0ae22ef98d48d70", "title": "VERDRILLT- VERtical Distribution of Radicals In the Lower Layers of the Troposphere", "abstract": "This project investigated the vertical distribution of peroxy radicals in the lower layers of the troposphere (up to 2-3 km) and its relation with the distribution of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of organic precursor.\r\nThe data collected were airborne in situ measurements of the total sum of peroxy radicals, air samples for the off line analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) together with the simultaneous measurement of standard atmospheric physical parameters (wind speed and direction, temperature, pressure, relative humidity), UV radiation, and other trace gases of interest like ozone and nitrogen oxides provided by the general instrumentation of the aircraft. These were used to provide valuable information about the extension of the vertical input of organics during situations of different convective activity and its influence in the photochemical activity of the tropospheric layers close to the surface.\r\n\r\nInformation about surface emissions obtained by emission inventories and existing measurement networks for the measurement of VOCs and ground based in situ measurement of peroxyradicals and VOCs at a selected measurement site were also used.\r\n\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9202/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24228/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75807/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75808/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75806/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105818/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75805/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105869/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19938, "uuid": "513c84cd46f049b6afc5033ceab3c9c5", "title": "ValCalHyp- Validation of the \"Smart Vicarious Calibration\" (SVC) method and the Quality Indicators Protocol of Hyperspectral Data", "abstract": "This EUFAR project aimed at examining the Smart Vicarious Calibration and Quality Indicator approaches and protocols recently developed within the EUFAR JRA2 activity using several Hyperspectral (HSR) sen-sors simultaneously.\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR10_08", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9156/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9237/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9238/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24278/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75811/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75812/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75809/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75810/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105796/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105841/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19939, "uuid": "a55fb32991b14395a752f9a5479e2c5d", "title": "UR-TIR- Urban mapping with airborne thermal infra red imagery", "abstract": "The overall aim of the project is to explore the potential of airborne thermal imagery for the mapping of urban characteristics. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is considered very suitable for urban remote sensing. Its high spatial and spectral resolution enables the mapping of the heterogeneous urban landscape with its small objects and large variety of surface covers. However, still difficulties exist in the correct identification of surface materials with similar spectral characteristics in the reflective range of the spectrum. For example bitumen on roofs and asphalt streets have similar spectral signatures. But for many applications it is important to separate between buildings (roofs) and streets. It is expected that thermal spectral information (e.g. emissivity spectra) will improve the separation of spectrally similar materials on different urban objects. Next to emissivity, also the thermal patterns (land surface temperature, LST) measured with a thermal sensor can be used as an additional information layer. LST plays an important role in the urban energy balance and is therefore an important parameter for the assessment of urban climate but also for questions related to energy and sustainable urban development. Answering the question how the emissivity spectra and the land surface temperature can be used to derive meaningful products for urban climate, energy and sustainable development analysis is the topic of this proposed project.\r\n\r\nIn detail the following four objectives are formulated for the proposed project: \r\n1.Gaining knowledge on the thermal spectral signatures of urban surface materials by the combined analysis of field and hyperspectral image spectra in the thermal range of the spectrum.\r\n2.Identify products to support micro climate, energy and sustainable development studies which can be derived with the thermal image data \r\n3.Develop methods to retrieve these products using thermal and hyperspectral data analysis methods.\r\n4.Analysis of dependencies between urban surface temperatures and urban morphology parameters and verify these on a second hyperspectral data set.\r\n\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9201/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24384/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75815/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75816/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75813/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75814/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105798/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105843/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19940, "uuid": "741e8e4e27284180ac884a621232ecc8", "title": "T MAPP FP7- Multi spectral aerial photo interpretation for the archaeology of the Tiber Valley in Tuscany (Italy): remote sensing applied to the environmental reconstruction of the ancient landscape", "abstract": "This EUFAR project aimed geoarchaeological researches to apply the reconstruction of the palaeo-drainage and the ancient landscape of the Tiber Valley by utilizing multispectral remotely sensed imageries.\r\nThe project is inserted in a wider work in collaboration with public institutions (Soprintendenza archeologica della Toscana, Comunite Montana della Val Tiberina). The goal is to apply geo-technologies in order to increment the knowledge about landscape and its transformations in historical and archaeological contest, specifically the integral reconstruction of the environment and the palaeo-environment of the Tiber valley area in Tuscany. There are many technologies that can help to re-build the settlements and the productive strategies of an archaeological area: among them, the remote sensing, the photogrammetric technique, the geographic information systems (GIS) and the GPS represent widespread surveying tools that gave great realizations.\r\nMulti-spectral airborne data will be used to assess the potential area for locating exposed and known buried archaeological remains, and to delineate subsurface ruins. In addition to mapping, buried archaeology may cause anomalies in the characteristics of the overlying soil and vegetation, which can be detected by remote sensing in the visible and in the near infrared. The presence of buried remains is likely to alter the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil compared with those of the surroundings due to changes in thickness and subsurface water flow.\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR ", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9199/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24223/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75819/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75820/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75817/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75818/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105799/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105844/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19941, "uuid": "503a0cc9b78248ae81f871b20a9dff5d", "title": "SVALBD_PGLACIAL2- Influence of climate change on paraglacial and glacial landscape evolution in Svalbard", "abstract": "This EUFAR project used hyperspectral instruments on board the NERC ARSF Dornier aircraft to study geomorphology and landscape evolution. ", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR11_02", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9155/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9235/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9236/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24602/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75823/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75824/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75821/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75822/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105790/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105833/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19943, "uuid": "571463c25b5b467d96f42300f9db2b66", "title": "SRMGlaciers- Geological and glaciological controls on ice flux to the ocean from Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica", "abstract": "This EUFAR project looked at ice-sheet evolution over the Quaternary and the sensitivity of the ice sheet to possible changes in atmosphere and ocean in East Antarctica.\r\n\r\nThe ultimate goals of this project were(i) to decipher regional ice-sheet evolution over the Quaternary and (ii) to examine the sensitivity of the ice sheet in this area to possible changes in atmosphere and ocean. The observational goals of this project were surface and bed topography, englacial structures (i.e. internal reflecting layers, if existing) as well as radar power returned from within and beneath the ice (a proxy of basal water). Since the proposed study area has extended crevassed zones, ground access to these areas is impossible for safety reasons. Using airborne data together with supplemental data collected by other projects, will enable constraints to ice-flow models to clarify geological controls on ice flow, dynamic coupling of adjacent fast-flow features, and ultimately examine their effects on magnitudes and timing of ice flux to the ocean for a range of external forcing. \r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9196/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24263/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75831/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75832/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75829/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75830/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105815/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105866/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19945, "uuid": "8e003eb3be384f81b734bc152fa8b8ab", "title": "SEDMEDHY- Soil Erosion Detection within MEDiterranean agricultural areas using HYperspectral data", "abstract": "This EUFAR project aimed to detect soil erosion processes by applying airborne hyperspectral and LIDAR remote sensing data within Mediterranean agricultural areas.\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR11_07", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9195/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9233/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9234/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24593/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75838/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75839/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75836/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75837/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105800/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105845/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19946, "uuid": "33b7b89495b04899a11e4c1faa402124", "title": "RAIN4DUST - Contribution of flash floods to the variability of dust emission in the Sahara", "abstract": "This EUFAR project was an Investigation of active dust sources located within the mountain foothills over the Sahara. The aims were:\r\n1.High-resolution characterisation of dust sources in the foothills of the Saharan Mountains using air-borne observations of emission in progress.\r\n2.Identification of significant rainfall and flash flood events in selected source areas using space-born ground radar and rain radar data. \r\n3.Assessment of the importance of the associated pluvial sediment supply for variations in dust source activity on time scales from weeks to years.\r\n4.Use these results to aid the discussion of the long-standing problem of interannual variability of dustiness and the representation of soil processes in numerical dust models.\r\n\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9193/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24371/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75842/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75840/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75841/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105785/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105828/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105888/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19947, "uuid": "8909d33e83154b259216260ca07f476d", "title": "MORE- Marine Ozone and Radiation Experiment", "abstract": "This EUFAR project investigated ozone and actinic radiation in a marine and rural coastal area.\r\nThe aim was to investigate the vertical distribution of ozone and related photochemical compounds in a rural coastal zone and over the open sea using airborne and ground based measurements in conjunction with radiative transfer model and a columnar chemical box model one way coupled with the Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible radiative transfer model (TUV; Madronich, 1987) in order to perform a radiative transfer and chemical closure experiment, to compare observed and estimated photolysis rates for NO2 and O3 and to study the production/losses of ozone above and inside the coastal and marine boundary layer. In this context the impact of clouds and different aerosols types (marine and continental, biogenic and Saharan origin) on the radiative properties of the atmosphere will be also investigated.", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9192/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24182/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75845/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75846/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75843/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75844/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105805/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105855/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19950, "uuid": "70f10f55310e4b24a967ec4d61ca9372", "title": "HYPPOS- HYdrodynamic control of Primary Producers in Optically Shallow fluvial lakes", "abstract": "This EUFAR project used the APEX hyperspectral instrument to study aquatic ecology.", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9154/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24366/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75857/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75858/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75855/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75856/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105792/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105837/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19951, "uuid": "012334ffc6c941fa90b09aa61898488d", "title": "AHSPECT- Agriculture-Health-SPECTrometry", "abstract": "This EUFAR project uses the NERC ARSF aircraft and investigates hyperspectral measurements over agro-forestry areas for landscape assessment of agricultural health, ecophysiology, and satellite product validation. \r\n\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR15_18", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9173/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9208/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9209/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24661/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75861/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75862/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75859/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75860/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105794/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105839/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19952, "uuid": "06b3af424f6a4045b63cb43396b4b3ce", "title": "BIOHYPE- Biomonitoring of urban habitat quality with airborne hyperspectral observations", "abstract": "Atmosphere and soil conditions largely determine urban habitat quality. Nevertheless, hardly any integrator has been applied, describing urban atmospheric and soil pollution impacts. Biomonitoring of natural vegetation reflects long-term changes of environmental quality, because leaves account for the complex impacts of different air pollutants and accumulate pollution over the growing season. The overall objective was to develop, test and validate a passive biomonitoring methodology based on airborne hyperspectral observations and on a field experimental approach which lapses over several spatial scales as well as over three structural and temporal levels. \r\n\r\nThe specific objectives of this EUFAR project were to:\r\n\r\n-The estimation of the spatial distribution of the overall pollution of soil and air;\r\n-The investigation at sub-leaf level of the spatial distribution, and seasonal evolution of leaf wettability, stomatal characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence;\r\n-The investigation at leaf level of the spatial distribution and seasonal evolution of specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and the red edge shift;\r\n-The investigation at canopy level of fluorescence and the red edge shift;\r\nto compare and validate hyperspectral airborne measurements with these ground measurements for different species, time and test sites; and\r\n-To describe and optimize a protocol for the estimation of urban habitat quality distribution with a high spatial resolution and based on airborne measurements.", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9175/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24101/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75865/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75866/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75863/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75864/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105813/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105864/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19953, "uuid": "be1b08fa905149afbef5189ae0f64f88", "title": "DEHESHyrE- Monitoring mass and energy fluxes in a manipulated Mediterranean tree-grass \"Dehesa\" ecosystem through the integration of ground and satellite data with airborne hyperspectral imagery", "abstract": "An intensive global effort has been put into modelling carbon and water exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere. Keenan et al (2013) have stressed the importance of analysing the ratio of water loss to carbon gain, or water-use efficiency, as this is a key characteristic of ecosystem function. Recent studies have shown the high potential of integrating ground, airborne-based and satellite observations to understand both the processes and the spatial scales governing the water and carbon cycles. However this integration remains a challenge, especially in ecosystems with complex vegetation structure as the \"Dehesa\"; a historical managed and integrated Mediterranean agro-forestry system which occupies large extensions in the Iberian Peninsula. It belongs to the class of tree-grass systems, which represent at least a third of the terrestrial land-surface. Despite their wide distribution, Earth observation systems and associated modelling have been so far poorly adapted to the key structural and functional characteristics of those systems (Pitman 2003). As a consequence, a significant uncertainty and bias in assessments of energy, carbon, water and biogeochemical dynamics has been often observed (Beringer et al. 2011). The objective of this EUFAR project is to better understand the contribution to the fluxes of both tree and grass layers, typical of these ecosystems, and the impact of large scale fertilisation on biophysical and functional properties. Due to the different phenology of tree and grass components, this objective will be achieved by acquiring high spatial resolution airborne hyperspectral optical and thermal data during two different seasons, spring and summer.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9176/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24473/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75869/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75870/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75867/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75868/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105814/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105865/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19954, "uuid": "7337723d63f84725b8d2ee0f93f96861", "title": "DeMinTIR- Detection of Mineral Surface Parameter and Vegetation status from Airborne Thermal Infra-Red Imagery", "abstract": "The objective of this EUFAR project, DeMinTIR, was to investigate new earth observation tools to improve monitoring concepts of active mine sites and to contribute to a better understanding of environmental impacts caused by mining activities. A detailed knowledge of the spatial pattern of affected areas and about the local intensity of surface changes as well as the quantification of surface parameters, vegetation health status, soil contamination, water pollution, are necessary steps for improving remediation management of those affected areas. Understanding and monitoring processes in mining areas is therefore a concern to a wider user community, including governmental agencies and local authorities. The dimension is being increasingly recognised and addressed by EU legislation (e.g., Mine Waste Directive, Water Framework Directive). The project aimed at acquiring hyperspectral thermal data over Sokolov mining area, Czech Republic and to process the imagery into a position that soil/rock material and vegetation maps will be generated. Ground truth data will be collected during the overpass (soil samples, vegetation leaves, needles etc). The maps will be used to assess temporally changes within this environment area based on a geo-coded comparison of the current thematic maps with previous information obtained in 2009 via HyEUROPE 2009 mission. It is important to note that the thermal hyperspectral (HSR) remote sensing in general and for the above purpose in particular is not yet developed. Thus a secondary goal of this mission is to open up a new frontier in monitoring this environmental problem and measure the added value to (traditionally used) optical HSR sensors.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9177/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24337/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75873/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75874/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75871/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75872/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105807/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105857/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19955, "uuid": "a2e431fcc1f64adc9177b52d64a7dcd5", "title": "HIDHAZ_N_ICELAND- The hidden hazard of melting ground-ice in Northern Iceland", "abstract": "The melting of glaciers as a result of recent climate change can be easily recognised and associated hazards identified, even if only qualitatively from visual inspection. However, the melting of shallow ground-ice in mountainous areas with discontinuous permafrost is a hidden hazard: the surfaces concerned look like normal moraine or talus slope materials without more detailed inspection. This hidden hazard has recently been revealed in northern Iceland: ~500,000m3 of debris was mobilised by a catastrophic failure of perched ice-rich sediments on Mafellshyrna Mountain, Iceland in September 2012. A further, smaller slide happened in Ãrnafjall in summer 2014. Fortunately, the runout zones were uninhabited. \r\nThis EUFAR project aims to identify other sites in Iceland where such failures could occur, including inhabited areas. To do this, it is necessary to fully understand the Mafellshyrna slide, of which an essential component is airborne hyperspectral, thermal and LiDAR data. Three other sites with a similar configuration have been identified. The project will use airborne data in order to: (1) test the use of airborne thermal remote sensing for rapid identification of such sites elsewhere, (2) characterise Mafellshyrna's setting to allow comparison to other sites and (3) create an empirical model allowing the assessment of the runout and the volume of flow elsewhere to assess the potential hazard.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral, ARSF, EUFAR15_48", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9178/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9219/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9220/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24639/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75877/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75878/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75875/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75876/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105821/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105872/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19956, "uuid": "665d86cdead240618bcb11f35844594e", "title": "HOLUHRAUN_HAZ- Assessing the hazard and testing our understanding of environmental and geophysical responses from emplacement of a large volume lava flow field", "abstract": "On the 29th August 2014, the Holuhraun fissure, part of a 190km long NNE-SSW trending fissure swarm in eastern Iceland, started erupting. The eruption is feeding an increasingly voluminous and complex flow field that has reached 1.4-2 km3 and is now classified as a flood basalt eruption (>1km3 erupted volume). The lava flows are accompanied by abundant sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions (max around 100,000 tonnes/day). This is the first opportunity in Iceland to analyse in detail all aspects of a large magnitude fissure eruption and unlike ground-based and space-based monitoring, airborne data has not yet been used to its full potential. Our primary aims are: i) To characterise and quantify the topology, growth and emplacement of a large lava flow field extruded onto a flat flood plain to enhance lava flow models ii) to improve lava cooling models in a hazards context and better understand spatial distribution of gas emissions, iii) to identify how the lava emplacement has affected drainage, especially for potentially catastrophic floods caused by the melting of ice by volcanic activity. We propose acquisition of aerial data including hyperspectral thermal infrared (TIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) as well as photography and laser altimetry (LiDAR) of the eruption and the lava flow field. This will enable quantification of the lava volume and thickness at desirable accuracy along with characterisation of surface structures and cooling profiles of a volumetrically significant lava flow field in a rift setting. These airborne data will be complemented by ground-based time-series data.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral, ARSF, EUFAR15_58", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9180/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9221/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9222/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24630/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75881/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75882/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75879/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75880/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105822/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105873/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19957, "uuid": "07d12fb2a749490a918f76659ccdedfe", "title": "HYMEDECOS-Erosion- HYperspectral monitoring of MEDiterranean ECOSystems: Soil erosion and water/suspended sediment transport monitoring and modelling in the Isábena catchment (NE Spain)", "abstract": "This EUFAR project forms part of a multi-scale project on generation, transport and retention of water and suspended sediments in a large dryland catchment in NE Spain. Mediterranean dryland areas such as the selected study site are particularly sensitive to soil erosion, frequently resulting in reservoir siltation and thus adversely affecting water quantity and quality. At present, little is known on sediment storage and passage through the various catchment and channel units. Therefore, this project aims at providing a comprehensive set of data for hydrological modelling of water and suspended sediment transport in order to improve understanding of connectivity processes. Due to its high spectral and spatial resolution, airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is considered as a promising technique for assessing some of the required parameters for the spatial modelling approach. The concurrent acquisition of accurate LiDAR data allows retrieving detailed terrain and vegetation information. Focus of the present study is (1) to derive spatial information on vegetation, soil and terrain for hydrological model input by combined hyperspectral and LiDAR data, and (2) to conduct a spectral fingerprinting approach allowing to trace back sources and pathways of sediments. Airborne data acquisition will be accompanied by an extensive field campaign.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral, ARSF", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9181/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9206/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24579/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75885/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75886/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75883/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75884/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105808/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105858/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19958, "uuid": "1396b7a09a984678a319466f7daf55d8", "title": "HYMOSENS2: rivers HYdroMOrphological characterization by high-resolution remote SENSing data", "abstract": "The potentials of Remote Sensing (RS) to characterize river systems is just starting to emerge since high resolution and multi-spectral RS datasets required to characterize relevant channel and floodplain features are only recently available. These datasets are not yet structured at pan-European scale but they could in the near future. For this reason it is strategically important to provide state of art research studies which assess the potentialities of different source of high-resolution RS data for characterizing river systems, in order to be ready in the near future to support managers in planning cost-effective acquisition at regional/national levels, as requested by modern river monitoring activities. This EUFAR project will perform the simultaneous acquisition of hyperspectral data (from 400 to 2500nm, at 1m spatial resolution), high resolution LiDAR (4 to 8 points/m2), sub-meter orthophotos (10-40 cm) and thermal data to enhance the hydromorphological characterization of the Orco (north of Italy) or alternatively the Ain (east of France) rivers, currently included amongst our ongoing research activity. The combination of such sensors would allow us to work with a distributed and continuous mapping of several geomorphic variables, which will enhance our current capability to analyze and predict fluvial processes. The focus would be twofold: 1) Aquatic compartment: mapping of mesohabitats (in-stream hydromorphological units: riffles, pools, glides...) and their physical characteristics (e.g.: water depth, velocity, presence of vegetation...); 2) Riparian compartment: ecological condition of the riparian vegetation (e.g.: physical drivers assessment, species detection as potential indicators of dryness, vegetation height and growing rate, vertical structure characterization).", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral, ARSF, EUFAR15_68", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9182/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9225/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9226/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24621/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75889/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75890/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75887/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75888/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105823/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105874/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19959, "uuid": "998847cad2a54c71ab2a39c0d0735ae0", "title": "HyMountEcos- Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Mountain Ecosystems", "abstract": "This EUFAR project was focused on the monitoring of highly valuable mountain ecosystems of the Giant Mountains (Karkonosze/KrkonoÅ¡e) National Park area on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland using hyperspectral data and technologies. To capture the richness of the area nature and to have the possibility to analyse the diversity of the Giant Mountains nature we propose to acquire airborne hyperspectral data on the altitudinal gradient from the submontane, through the montane and subalpine until the alpine belt for the both Polish and Czech parts of the national park that also enables tree foliage ground truth and spectral to compare the ecosystems on the both Polish and Czech sides and possibly to assess also some influence of management practice. The main goals of the project are mountain ecosystems mapping and inventarization, an analyses and evaluation of forest ecosystems conditions/health, an analyses of ecosystems species composition and invasive species introduction and an analysis of soil contamination. Hyperspectral airborne and satellite data (Hyperion) comparison will be provided to evaluate both data types suitability for the research goals, their potential and limitations will be pointed out. Particular results will contribute to the comprehensive assessment of the hyperspectral technologies potential for mountain ecosystems monitoring.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9183/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24406/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75893/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75894/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75891/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75892/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105809/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105859/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19960, "uuid": "de041886cc694bbea718f4850b78dd74", "title": "HYMOWEB- HYperspectral MOnitoring of the Water and Energy Balance", "abstract": "HYMOWEB is a EUFAR project using hyperspectral data to characterize and monitor the (ecological) status of water and forest ecosystems in the Woluwe valley (Brussels, Belgium). \r\nMonitoring of water and energy fluxes is a requirement for the assessment of climate and anthropogenic effects on natural ecosystems. These fluxes are the result of the physical functioning and interaction between the soil, vegetation and atmosphere transfers (SVAT). Measurements and models are needed to describe this interaction on different scales. In physically based, distributed hydrological models SVATâs schemes play an important role. Essential in these SVATâs are the state of water and energy levels in a spatially distributed way. Due to the high spectral and spatial resolution, imaging spectroscopy is seen as a promising technique for assessing some of the required parameters for the distributed modelling. In particular remotely sensed thermal infrared information has proven to be useful for (1) evapotranspiration estimation and (2) the evaluation of ecosystem physiological activity, functioning and health. However these analyses are often just a snapshot of the situation at a certain moment in time. Therefore a temporal analysis, using several thermal data acquisitions with the same sensor, is proposed. Hyperspectral analysis of diurnal and seasonal variations would significantly improve the understanding of water and forest ecosystem functioning, state and dynamics in the Woluwe valley. In addition the experiment will be closely linked to the on-going HyperEnv project (Hyperspectral remote sensing for environment and water management), which will broaden at the same time the users group and applications, i.e. (1) Land-cover mapping in the urban fringe, (2) hyperspectral RS assimilation for hydrological modeling and (3) characterization of turbidity and aquatic vegetation of pond ecosystems.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9184/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24127/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75897/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75898/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75895/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75896/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105816/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105867/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19961, "uuid": "1f56a8be6b83436fa5ca8824edef7998", "title": "ICELAND_DEBRISFLOWS- A Study of the Hazard and Geomorphic Change Caused by Debris Flows in Iceland", "abstract": "The aim of this EUFAR project is to better understand the dynamics and behaviour of debris flows through the study of their geomorphometry. This will help to assess the potential hazard posed by these flows and also contribute to a better understanding of their contribution to post-glacial hillslope degradation. \r\nOne of the main risks to population in Iceland, particularly in the fjords, is the action of debris flows. These are mixtures of boulders, sediment and water that surge downslope after prolonged/intense rainfall or sudden snowmelt. Metre-size boulders can be carried in debris flows, and cause damage to property and, in some cases, loss of life. To better understand the risk posed by these flows, both the physics of their motion and the role of the geological setting in initiating slope instability need to be understood. We propose to collect high resolution topographic data in Skagafjordur and Skutulsfjordur, which were previously surveyed in 2007, and from the slopes of western Skagafjordurr. By studying previously surveyed sites, we will measure accurate quantification of sediment movement rates and volumes. By studying the slopes in Skagafjordur, we will be able to compare different geological settings. These data will help us develop a new numerical model of debris flow activity, and help us to understand the long-term slip and creep processes that contribute to slope instability. We will create difference maps (showing deposition and erosion of sediment) for Skagafjordur and Skutulsfjordur and for Skagafjordur we will accurately characterise the morphology for comparison with data from Conway et al (2010) for Skagafjordur and Skutulsfjordur.", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR12_02", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9187/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9227/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9228/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24612/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75901/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75902/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75899/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75900/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105810/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105860/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19963, "uuid": "112367f369e442018be22d2a067a784c", "title": "ISOTHERM- Ice SnOw vegetation HypERspecTral Measurements", "abstract": "The aim of this EUFAR project is to measure the hyperspectral (HS) signature of snow surface in the Mont-Blanc Massif in order to estimate the spatial variability of snow surface properties (albedo, grain size and impurities content). These properties display a strong spatio-temporal variability and constrain the energy budget of the snowpack. The data retrieved during the experiment will be compared to ground measurements and satellite observations. They will provide a unique dataset to better investigate and model the surface radiative and mass balance of snow surfaces. The second objective is to obtain accurate high-resolution characterizations of glacier surface (glacier margins, glacier surface area covered by debris, limit between snow and ice). HS data will provide relevant information to quantify spatio-temporal changes in albedo (a key variable of the surface energy balance governing the ablation processes at the glacier surface) at the moment of the year (late summer) when the snow cover on the glacier surface is minimal. In addition, airborne LiDAR will allow for the elaboration of a fine-grained digital elevation model. Combining HS and LiDAR data will also enable improved modeling and understanding of glacier mass balance through investigation of the effects of small-scale topography on surface radiation and energy balances. Finally, HS imagery has direct applications for questions in alpine plant ecology. Our overall objective is to obtain a fine-grained classification of the land cover, together with spatially distributed parameters of plant canopies (physical and biochemical).", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR15_28", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9189/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9229/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9230/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24670/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75909/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75910/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75907/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75908/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105817/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105868/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19964, "uuid": "bf113db8dc0147dda0c321fcf215647a", "title": "i-WAKE2- island-induced WAKE dynamics", "abstract": "In geophysics, \"island wakes\" is a term typically used to refer to atmospheric circulations induced by mountainous islands (atmospheric wakes) as well as ocean effects induced by the islands' bathymetry (ocean wakes). In turn, ocean wakes,can be grouped into two main categories (i) wakes induced by atmospheric phenomena (wind wakes a.k.a. warm wakes), and (ii) wakes induced by oceanic phenomena. Both atmospheric and oceanic wakes have been the subject of many studies by the scientific community. Reynolds number theory predict that island wakes may vary from attached vortices to fully turbulent wakes resembling Von Karman Vortex Streets (VKVS). Froude number laboratory studies lead to the development of the concept of the diving streamlines in stable flows, whereby by the relation between atmospheric stratification and the height of the mountain lead (or not) to the generation of VKVS. Currently, Madeira Island wakes are being studied using numeric and laboratory models, satellite remote sensing, and in situ observations (Araújo_etal_2010). However, none of the available sampling means can give us a synoptic (i.e., quasi-simultaneous) high-resolution view of atmospheric and oceanic wakes; therefore, this EUFAR project will carry out airborne observations of atmospheric wakes (high-altitude) followed by airborne observations of oceanic wakes (low-altitude), by carrying out measurements in a region where both types of wakes frequently occur. The target region is the lee side of Madeira Island (33N;17W).", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9190/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24153/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75913/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75914/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75911/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75912/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105811/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105861/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19965, "uuid": "f078138f3a5f4a299a2bb3b6508934dc", "title": "MEDhy^2CON- MEDiterranean HYdrological and HYperspectral monitoring of landscape CONnectivity in contrasting Mediterranean insular catchments (Mallorca, Spain)", "abstract": "The production of high-resolution topographic datasets is of increasing interest and application throughout the geomorphic and ecologic sciences. Due to its high spectral and spatial resolution, airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is considered as a promising technique for assessing some of the required parameters for the spatial modelling approach. The simultaneous acquisition of accurate LiDAR data allows retrieving detailed terrain and vegetation information. The main aim of this EUFAR project is (1) to derive spatial information on vegetation, soil and terrain for ecogeomorphological connectivity model input by combined hyperspectral and LiDAR data, (2) to carry out a spectral fingerprinting approach allowing to trace back sources and pathways of sediments and (3) to calibrate and compare the results of modelling with the values obtained from the spatial distribution of isotopic environmental tracers in soils and vegetation as well as the images obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and aircraft. Thus, airborne data acquisition will be accompanied by an extensive field campaign at ground and also air (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-UAV) levels in which GIS modelling, sediment-tracer techniques and continuous monitoring of water, sediment and associated contaminant fluxes are being used to build a sediment budget of three catchments representative of Mediterranean environments but with contrasting characteristics.", "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, EUFAR15_38", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9191/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9231/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9232/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24644/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75917/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75918/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75915/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75916/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105812/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105862/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19966, "uuid": "0c0c87bf7af647ceb52860280cb5d963", "title": "REFLEX- Regional Experiments For Land-atmosphere EXchanges", "abstract": "Eufar training course. Teaching and training on organizing and conducting a hyperspectral/thermal multi-angular airborne campaign in the framework of multi-scale (\"leaf to ecosystem\") land-atmosphere exchange research ", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9153/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24393/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75921/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75919/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75920/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105786/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105795/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105840/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19967, "uuid": "6aa9165d00884acea4bb4812b2f4cc98", "title": "SAVEX-D- Sunphotometer Airborne Validation Experiment in Dust", "abstract": "The main objective of this experiment is the validation of AERONET and SKYNET/ESR ground based sunphotometer retrievals of columnar aerosols properties such as volume size-distribution, single scattering albedo, refractive index, and phase function, by direct comparison with aircraft measurements.", "keywords": "EUFAR, FAAM", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9194/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75924/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75925/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75922/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75923/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105797/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105842/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19968, "uuid": "829eeb1934584b929e1114cb0560df88", "title": "SWAMP- Spectrometry of a Wetland And Modelling of Photosynthesis with Hyperspectral Airborne Reflectance and Fluorescence", "abstract": "This EUFAR training course was to educate and train the early career scientists to plan and conduct an airborne research and (near-)ground validation campaign and how to use the collected data. The training course included an airborne campaign with the APEX imaging spectroradiometer mounted in the DLR Dornier 228 aircraft combined with a concurrent ground campaign and near-ground campaign with small UAV platforms and satellite data acquisitions at the instrumented POLWET wetland study site. All these platforms and sensors were used to determine Earth surface reflectance and fluorescence which play a role in supporting satellite mission design and use (e.g. FLEX) and which to support multi-scale (“leaf to ecosystem”) land-atmosphere exchange modelling studies.", "keywords": "EUFAR, APEX", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9197/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24508/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75926/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75927/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75928/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105829/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105787/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105890/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19969, "uuid": "f278e64894d8472c8bbb975205371af3", "title": "TETRAD- Training & Education for Turbulence Research", "abstract": "EUFAR Training Course - Training & Education for Turbulence Research via Airborne Data (TETRAD) using SAFIRE's ATR42 aircraft Hyeres, France, held 10-18 Sept 2010\r\nThe focus of the school and of the related experiments is to train and educate students about turbulence features and cloud microphysics in, and in proximity of, liquid water clouds. During the school time (September), and within the flying distance of the aircraft (ATR42) from Toulon-Hyeres Airport, low-level clouds and/or cumulus convective warm clouds, mainly due to orographic effects were observed. These clouds are well suited for the scientific aims of the school. The experiments, that were conceived for education purposes and not for research, involved measurements in cloudy boundary layer, and measurements at the base, inside and at the top of cumulus clouds. The goal was to highlight characteristic features of the turbulent fields inside and outside observed clouds (temperature, air flow fluctuations, humidity), and features of cloud microphysics (liquid water content, droplets concentration and size distribution). Limitations of turbulence measurements from the board of the aircraft were discussed - e.g. poor resolution of the velocity fluctuations, particularly when compared to microphysical measurements, difficulties in interpreting data from sensors not closely collocated-, as well as it will be tried to identify regions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixing.\r\n", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9198/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24084/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75931/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75929/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75930/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79058/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105802/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105850/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19970, "uuid": "8ab804431f534821917320557e6cae3c", "title": "UrbSense- Multi-sensor monitoring of the urban environment.", "abstract": "UrbSense - Multi-sensor monitoring of the urban environment: potential of the combined use of hyperspectral, thermal and LiDAR sensing technologies for characterization of urban green and the built environment.\r\nAlthough remote sensing is an interesting source for characterising the physical properties of the urban environment, in terms of hydrological or urban heat flux modelling the level of differentiation in functional land cover properties delivered by conventional remote sensing approaches is rather coarse and does not allow a clear parameterisation of pixel components in terms of their biophysical behaviour (e.g. level of permeability, thermal properties). This EUFAR project will explore the potential of the combined use of hyperspectral, thermal and LiDAR sensing technologies for detailed characterization of urban green and the built environment. Specifically it will focus on evaluating the added value of data fusion approaches in solving pending issues such as: *the limitations of current approaches to address problems related to spatial ambiguity and similarity between materials and disturbing effects of illumination and viewing geometry *the optimisation of spectral unmixing techniques for detailed biophysical characterisation of urban areas, and the transferability of these approaches to coarser resolutions. ", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9200/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24495/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75934/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75935/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75932/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75933/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105820/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105871/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19971, "uuid": "bf783a8bf1734a80a5d9fab28bb3ecbb", "title": "HiLBilly- Hyperspectral imaging of lake biogeochemical properties in optically-complex systems", "abstract": "This EUFAR project aimed to develop new i-water and atmospheric models for hyperspectral remote sensing of lake biogeochemical properties.\r\nThe specific objectives of the HILBilly proposal included: (1) to undertake development and inter-comparison of atmospheric correction models for retrieval of at-surface reflectance in oligotrophic to eutrophic waters and determine associated uncertainty budgets; (2) to measure the variability in the inherent optical properties of the two contrasting lakes; (3) to develop, test and validate algorithms for the retrieval of IOPs and biogeochemical parameters for different lake types using multi-platform (in-situ, airborne and potentially satellite) remotely sensed data and determine the effect of optical variability on algorithm performance; and (4) to use in-situ and airborne hyperspectral data to test biogeochemical algorithms for future satellite platforms including the ESA Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Imager (MSI) data.", "keywords": "EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9179/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24482/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75938/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75939/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75936/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75937/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105803/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105852/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19972, "uuid": "a36edd0e73c147a4bc7346f27ffb2466", "title": "icare-QUAD- Quality of Airborne Data", "abstract": "This project was a training course in the analysis and assessment of uncertainties and errors in measured properties using various research airplanes and instrumentation. This was a EUFAR funded training school for new researchers during the International Conference on Airborne Research for the Environment (ICARE) in Toulouse in October 2010. \r\nThe integration of airborne observations involving multiple aircraft needs to consider the true uncertainties of the measurements on board of the different aircraft. In order to assess these errors during in-flight operating conditions, wingtip-to-wingtip comparison flights along constant level runs at various altitudes are a powerful tool. Almost every property of the atmosphere can be observed using different measurement techniques and/or different instrumentation. Assessing combined instrumental uncertainty, as well as temporal and spatial resolution is one of the key issues in data quality evaluation process.", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9186/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24051/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75940/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75941/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105804/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75942/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75943/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105854/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 19973, "uuid": "0938bbc620a3476f9bdd476d478c5b73", "title": "AROMAPEX- APEX flights for the AROMAT-2 activity", "abstract": "The AROMAT campaign was held in Romania in September 2014 to test newly developed airborne instruments dedicated to air quality in the context of satellite validation. In particular, two airborne imaging DOAS systems were operated, namely the AirMAP from Uni. Bremen and SWING from BIRA, respectively from the FUB Cessna and from a flying wing UAV (Uni. Galati-Reev River Aerospace). These instruments revealed the NO2 horizontal distributions in the exhaust plume of large power plants near Craiova. The AirMAP/Cessna could also be operated above Bucharest and map the whole city. These two geophysical targets (Bucharest and the power plant) are visible in satellite data (OMI) but present different characteristics: the former is a large extended source with moderate NO2 columns (about 1x1016 molec/cm2), the latter produces very dense and localized plume (about 1x1017 molec/cm2). All airborne instruments were operated successfully during AROMAT, nevertheless, several lessons were learned that called for a follow-up and improved experiment. In particular, it appears scientifically interesting to add a second airborne imager from a manned aircraft. This would increase the possibility of measuring satellite overpasses, which were limited in the two weeks of AROMAT-1 due to weather conditions and technical issues. \r\nThe objective of this EUFAR project is to include the APEX instrument in this AROMAT-2 campaign, which is supported by ESA. APEX is mounted onboard the DLR Do228 aircraft. It will be set in unbinned spectral mode, to map the tropospheric NO2 columns above the same targets as AROMAT-1. The possibility to measure NO2 from APEX has already been demonstrated over Zurich [4]. Moreover, BIRA and VITO, part of the AROMAPEX consortium, are involved in a national project to perform similar APEX measurements over the large Belgian cities. \r\nThe objectives of the AROMAPEX experiment consists in :\r\n(1)\tOperating APEX and AirMAP in formation above the same area in a reasonably short time interval. This is the first opportunity to intercompare two different airborne trace gases imagers and to evaluate their respective performance and limitations. Note that the SWING-UAV measurements will also be compared with APEX and AirMAP, but they suffer from two practical limitations compared to measurements from a traditional aircraft: the area that can be covered is smaller with the UAV and this platform will not be allowed to fly above Bucharest.\r\n(2)\tFlying the two aircraft in different locations and times to increase the area covered and adapt the flight schedule to the overpasses time of two air quality space borne instruments (OMI, GOME2) in the same day. This will enable us, beside the comparison of APEX and AirMAP with satellite data, to study the diurnal variation of NO2. \r\n(3)\tOperating the two aircraft above the power plant, but with the AirMAP set in its UV mode, which is optimal for the detection of SO2. We have already detected elevated levels of SO2 in the plant plume during AROMAT-1. These combined measurements will reveal accurately the SO2 and NO2 columns in the same plume. \r\nThe collected airborne dataset will be compared with coincident UAV based observations and ground-based measurements, including car-based DOAS data, a Pandora system, and NO2/SO2 cameras. ", "keywords": "EUFAR, APEX", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9174/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24513/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75947/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75945/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75944/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/75946/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105806/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105856/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20010, "uuid": "d47d61d3f3cc4733bf8004579d59b26c", "title": "Met Office Meteorological Research Unit, Cardington", "abstract": "The Met Office's research group at the Met Office Cardington site have studied boundary-layer meteorology and surface processes to support the development of numerical weather prediction methods since the 1990s until its closure in 2024. The effectiveness of these methods is critically dependent on access to and analysis of high-quality observational data sets. These are used in a number of ways including the development of physical parameterization schemes and in the evaluation of numerical model output. The site has produced a range of datasets over the years including a continuous hydrometeorological record between 2004 to 2024 including surface to 50-m meteorology, radiation and subsoil from in-situ sensor measurements timed at 1, 5, 10 and 30 minute intervals. Specialist remote-sensing instruments include microwave radiometers, Halo Doppler lidars, and ceilometers, in addition to radiosonde data.\r\n\r\nThe Met Office is the UK national meteorological service and one of the world's leading providers of environmental and weather-related services. Their solutions and services meet the needs of many communities of interest, from the general public, government and schools, through broadcasters and online media, to civil aviation and almost every other industry sector - in the UK and around the world. The Met Office headquarters are located in Exeter, UK. The Met Office makes a number of datasets available to the academic research community under the NERC - Met Office agreement or the Open Government Licence. For further details of these datasets see the links to this record.", "keywords": "Met Office, Cardington", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/13252/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/13253/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/2406/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/43597/?format=api" ], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/208755/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/76052/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/76053/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/76051/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/76050/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/208845/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/208756/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20068, "uuid": "6ee6e0a3f57c4ca79e8cbc0daaafe76f", "title": "Global Coordination of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements (GloCAEM)", "abstract": "It is well established that Earth has a \"Global atmospheric Electric Circuit\" (GEC), through which charge separation in thunderstorms sustains large scale current flow around the planet. The GEC generates an atmospheric electric field which is present globally, and is typically 100V/m near the surface in fair weather conditions. Measurements of electric field have been shown to include information about global thunderstorm activity, local aerosol concentrations and cloud cover, as well as changes in the space weather environment. Recent work has also suggested that atmospheric electrical changes may be effective as earthquake precursors, as well as being sensitive to release of radioactivity, as evidenced by the Fukushima disaster in 2011. \r\n\r\nThe global nature of the GEC means that in order that truly global signals are considered in understanding the processes within the circuit, many validating measurements must be made at different locations around the world. To date, no genuinely global network of FW atmospheric electricity measurements has ever existed, therefore, given the growing number of groups now involved in atmospheric electricity monitoring, such a proposal is timely. \r\n\r\nThis project brought these experts together to make the first steps towards an effective global network for FW atmospheric electricity monitoring by holding workshops to discuss measurement practises and instrumentation, as well as establish recording and archiving procedures to archive electric field data in a standardised, easily accessible format, then by creating a central data repository. This project was funded in the UK under NERC grant NE/N013689/1.", "keywords": "GloCAEM, GEC, electric potential, electric field", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24981/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/76353/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/76354/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102274/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102275/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102276/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102277/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20091, "uuid": "23aa58b883e5439888bd8603302e1476", "title": "SPARC Data Initiative", "abstract": "The goal of the SPARC Data Initiative is to improve our knowledge and understanding of the overall uncertainty in chemical trace gas and aerosol observations from a multi-national suite of limb-viewing satellite instruments. This knowledge is crucial when using datasets from multiple instruments for data merging activities and the validation of chemistry-climate models. The SPARC Data Initiative Team, which consists of representatives from each instrument team and data analysts, has compiled zonal mean monthly mean time series of all available chemical trace gas and aerosol data in a common format (NetCDF). Data description and analyses will be summarized in a peer reviewed SPARC report. Report conclusions are based on the existing data versions at the time of the report formulation and should be used as basis for the evaluation of updated versions.", "keywords": "SPARC, stratosphere, observations, trace gases, aerosols", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "preview", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98324/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98325/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98326/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20126, "uuid": "c6d5f0a1c9834f6a8cacedbb01bbb385", "title": "OptClim: Using Optimisation Algorithms to tune Climate Models", "abstract": "OptCliM investigated climate modelling advances from mathematical optimization research. Our focus was upon parameterised processes that represent physics that are unresolved within climate models. These unresolved processes were represented through equations that include fixed parameters, with a typical climate model having around a hundred parameters. For example, thunderstorms not only generate heavy rain but are also one route for moisture into the atmosphere. One of the parameters expressed the rate at which moist air in the storm is mixed into the atmosphere. A range of values for each parameter was consistent with theory and measurement with changes in some parameters having a dramatic effect on future climate predictions. It was therefore necessary to have realistic parameter values in order to adequately model past or future climates. ", "keywords": "OptCliM, Algorithms, Climate models", "status": "", "publicationState": "preview", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/78284/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/78283/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102225/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102227/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102226/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/78285/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/78286/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/78287/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20166, "uuid": "6c2b51b1b9324329b78acbeeda40768b", "title": "EXtinction, SCattering and Absorption of Light for AirBorne Aerosol Research (EXSCALABAR)", "abstract": "Atmospheric aerosols consist of microscopic particles of natural and anthropogenic origin which scatter and absorb sunlight and hence influence the climate of the Earth. Aerosols that predominantly scatter sunlight tend to cool the Earth as they reflect sunlight back to space, while aerosols that predominantly absorb sunlight tend to warm the Earth. Human activities including burning of fossil-fuels, bio-fuels and deforestation have not only increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, but have vastly increased concentrations of atmospheric aerosols, which have in turn modulated the global warming from increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. While considerable progress has been made in the measurement and global modelling of atmospheric aerosol optical properties and spatial distributions, one key factor in determining the climatic impact remains poorly constrained: the degree of aerosol absorption. This quantity is fundamentally key to determining whether atmospheric aerosols cool or warm the planet. There is therefore a pressing need to better constrain the impact of aerosol absorption on atmospheric radiative transfer to fully understand its role in global and regional scale climate change. Under the EXSCALABAR project, the University of Exeter and the Met Office (CASE industrial partner) will perform high quality aerosol optical and microphysical measurements of extinction, scattering and absorption with which to challenge (and ultimately improve) the representation of aerosols in climate and numerical weather prediction models. Pioneering aerosol optical characterisation techniques, specifically cavity ringdown extinction spectroscopy and photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy have previously been developed by the CASE industrial partner supervisor (Dr Justin Langridge, Met Office) for airborne research in the USA. In particular the photoacoustic technique has been shown to provide vastly improved aerosol absorption measurements compared to contemporary methods. In addition to developments for in-situ measurements, Professor Jim Haywood has pioneered airborne remote sensing techniques for measuring the spectral radiative effects of biomass burning, mineral dust, volcanic ash, and industrial pollution aerosols across the solar and terrestrial wavelengths and has considerable aerosol modelling experience at a range of spatial scales. The EXSCALABAR project will exploit the synergy of these research interests and will encompass both technological and numerical modelling activities. The cavity ringdown extinction and photoacoustic absorption technologies will be developed for use on-board the joint NERC-Met Office FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft, thus providing an aerosol measurement capability that is unique outside of the USA. The instrument will be deployed in conjunction with existing airborne remote sensing instrumentation from the FAAM aircraft over the UK and on major deployments in summer 2016. The combined in-situ and remotely sensed aerosol and radiative measurements will be used to perform a comprehensive radiative closure analysis focussed on spectral aerosol absorption and single scattering albedo. Results of this analysis will be used to update to the spectral aerosol properties represented in the HadGEM climate model and assess their climatic impacts. The studentship will span a broad range of activities including development of state-of-the-art spectroscopic instrumentation, participation in aircraft-based field missions and scientific analysis of results using radiative transfer models. The instrumentation will be available to the UK research community beyond the lifetime of the EXSCALABAR project, providing significant legacy for the FAAM aircraft and the UK atmospheric research community.", "keywords": "FAAM", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9115/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20198/?format=api" ], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/78426/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20356, "uuid": "0d2321cdec9746e8a33ae547992bc7f9", "title": "VESSAER - VErtical Structure and Sources of AERosols in the Mediterranean Region", "abstract": "VESSAER - VErtical Structure and Sources of AERosols in the Mediterranean Region.\r\nThe aim of this EUFAR project was to understand climate effects of aerosols in the Mediterranean region, to better understand the sources and evolution of aerosols. Ground-based observations do not provide the full picture as in-situ measurements in the vertical dimensions are lacking. In addition, active and passive remote sensing instrumentation, such as lidars and AERONET/PHOTON sun photometers, need in-situ measurements of aerosol properties to expand their measurements to larger domains.\r\n\r\nThis experiment complements existing ChArMEx and HyMeX activities supported by the MISTRALS program, which are the target of many European research institutes in 2012 and 2013 (ChArMEx: http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/ and HyMeX: http://www.hymex.org/) \r\n\r\nThe project used airborne measurements together with ground station observations at Ersa (on Cape Corsica) and aerosol lidar measurements (south of Bastia) with the following scientific goals:\r\n\r\n- Investigation of local vs long-range sources of aerosols and CCN (marine, anthropogenic and African dust) and their vertical stratification in the lower troposphere,\r\n\r\n- Use of aerosol hygroscopicity as a function of altitude to study evolution and ageing due to atmospheric processing in the boundary layer,\r\n\r\n- Coupled in-situ airborne measurements with ground-based lidar to determine aerosol direct radiative impacts over a larger spatial scale.\r\n\r\n- Use of ozone as tracer of long-range transport of polluted air masses form the continent.", "keywords": "EUFAR", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9203/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24423/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79068/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79069/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79071/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105819/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79070/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105870/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20400, "uuid": "fd1ff1ba37b247159fbb42554dbb0554", "title": "WCRP CMIP5: Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) contribution", "abstract": "WCRP CMIP5 contribution project by the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) team.", "keywords": "WCRP, CMIP5, MOHC, CMIP", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9245/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20404/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20462/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20466/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20470/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/11975/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79388/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79386/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79389/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79385/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79390/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79391/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/79387/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20718, "uuid": "74768835ac4e466d9f76a22149bb852a", "title": "WCRP CMIP5: Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) contribution", "abstract": "WCRP CMIP5 contribution project by the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) team.", "keywords": "WCRP, CMIP5, IPSL, CMIP", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9246/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20722/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20849/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/20886/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/11975/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80883/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80881/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80884/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80880/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80885/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80886/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/80882/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 20917, "uuid": "7e59d6b2b2104783856120bffa6c29eb", "title": "WCRP CMIP5: the CNRM-CERFACS Team contribution", "abstract": "WCRP CMIP5 contribution project by the the CNRM-CERFACS Team. 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"status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9274/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/23944/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/11975/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98097/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98095/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98098/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98094/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98099/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98100/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/98096/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24356, "uuid": "58d7292525994719b150bf5a3c2c2bc1", "title": "IMROM- Environmental Impact Monitoring of mineral resources exploitation at ROsia Montana mining site", "abstract": "The objective of this EUFAR study was to assess the environmental impact of mining activities in Rosia Montana (RM) (central Romania) based on airborne hyperspectral images. The advantage of airborne data is that a larger area can be monitored compared to in-situ measurements. The main focus lies on the monitoring of vegetation stress along acid mine drainage (AMD) pathways. Thermal infrared bands help investigating whether vegetation stress is present and to monitor soil moisture, which then can be related to changing ground water conditions. The results obtained from this study were used to validate the results obtained from analyzing WorldView-2 images from July 2010 and 2011. WorldView-2 satellite sensor was only recently launched and is the first satellite that offers 8 spectral bands at 2 m spatial resolution (multispectral mode) and 0,50 m spatial resolution in panchromatic mode. Another objective was to develop and test an unmixing based data fusion algorithm (Zurita-Milla, 2008) for airborne hyperspectral WorldView-2 data fusion and to assess the added value of the fused data set for environmental impact monitoring of mining activities. During the overflight in-situ measurements were performed and samples collected for lab analysis. These measurements were used to correlate e.g. reflectance with Chl-a in the leaves. Based on the airborne study the spatial extent of contaminated soil, water and vegetation parameters can be assessed which are crucial information for policy makers and environmental managers for defining future remediation and monitoring actions in the RM area.", "keywords": "IMROM, EUFAR, hyperspectral", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9285/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24361/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105761/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/99757/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/99759/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/99756/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105764/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/99758/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105879/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24700, "uuid": "fda6ad697b2c49f7882f70f954c44f92", "title": "ESA Antarctic Ice Sheet Climate Change Initiative Project", "abstract": "The European Space Agency (ESA) Antarctic Ice Sheet Climate Change Initiative (Antarctic_Ice_Sheet_cci) project is part of ESA's Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme to produce long term datasets of Essential Climate Variables (ECV's) derived from global satellite data.\r\n\r\nThe Antarctic Ice Sheet CCI aims to produce long term and reliable climate satellite data records required by the scientific user community. These datasets will improve understanding of present day change on the Antarctic Ice Sheet and provide data for models at a higher spatial and temporal resolution than is currently available, thereby improving estimates of future change. It is focusing on providing datasets of surface elevation changes, ice velocities, gravimetric mass balance and grounding line locations.", "keywords": "ESA, Antarctica, ice sheets, CCI, glaciers, grounding line location, gravimetric mass balance, surface elevation change, ice velocity", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24699/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/11009/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101137/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101138/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101136/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24717, "uuid": "7e92f3a40afc494f9aaf92525ebb4779", "title": "The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study: ACSIS", "abstract": "Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic (NA) climate system: in ocean and atmosphere temperatures and circulation, in sea ice thickness and extent, and in key atmospheric constituents such as ozone, methane and aerosols. Many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. Changes in the NA directly affect the UK’s climate, weather and air quality, with major economic impacts on agriculture, fisheries, water, energy, transport and health. The NA also has global importance, since changes here drive changes in climate, hazardous weather and air quality further afield, such as in North America, Africa and Asia.\r\n\r\nACSIS (the North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study) was an integrated programme of sustained observations, synthesis, and numerical modelling designed to address the overarching objective of enhancing the UK's capability to detect, attribute and predict changes in the North Atlantic (NA) Climate System, comprising: the North Atlantic Ocean, the atmosphere above it including its composition, and interactions with Arctic Sea Ice and the Greenland Ice Sheet. Specific objectives are:\r\n1. To provide the UK science community with sustained observations, data syntheses, leading-edge numerical simulations, and analysis tools, to facilitate world-class research on changes in the NA climate system and their impacts.\r\n2. To provide a quantitative, multivariate, description of how the NA climate system is changing.\r\n3. To determine the primary drivers and processes that are shaping change in the NA climate system now and will shape change in the near future.\r\n4. To determine the extent to which future changes in the NA climate system are predictable.\r\nACSIS enabled and delivered research to address the following research questions:\r\nRQ1. How have changes in natural and anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric circulation combined to shape multiyear trends in NA atmospheric composition and radiative forcing?\r\nRQ2. How have natural variability and radiative forcing combined to shape multi- year trends in the NA physical climate system?\r\nRQ3. To what extent are changes in the NA climate system predictable on multi-year timescales?\r\nACSIS was a partnership between six NERC centres (NCAS, NOC, BAS, NCEO, CPOM, PML) and the UK Met Office, exploiting the partners' unique capabilities in observing and simulating the atmosphere including its composition, the ocean, the cryosphere, and the fully coupled climate system.\r\nThe observational component brought together records from Earth-based (e.g. Cape Verde observatory, FAAM missions, RAPID, Argo, OSNAP) and spacebased (e.g. Cryosat, MetOP) platforms with a focus on the sustained observations that are necessary to measure changes on multi-year timescales.\r\nACSIS worked closely with the NERC-Met Office UKESM programme on Earth System Modelling, and contributed to and benefited from UK participation in international observing programmes such as UK-US RAPID, EU ATLANTOS and Global Atmospheric Watch, and modelling programmes such as CMIP6 and EU PRIMAVERA.\r\nThe legacy of ACSIS includes: new long-term multivariate observational datasets and syntheses; new modelling capabilities and simulations with unprecedented fidelity. ACSIS provided advances in understanding and predicting changes in the NA climate system that can be exploited in further research and related activities, for example to assess the impact of these changes on the UK and other countries - e.g. in terms of the consequences for hazardous weather risk, the environment and businesses. ACSIS outputs will also inform policy on climate change adaptation and air quality.\r\nACSIS was fully funded for five years (2016-2021)by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through National Capability Long Term Science Multiple Centre (NC LTS-M) (grant NE/N018028/1) which aimed to encourage its research centres to work closely together to tackle major scientific and societal challenges. ACSIS is one of the projects funded through this new way of allocating national capability funding, designed to enable more ambitious science than any single research organisation could provide.", "keywords": "ACSIS, NE/N018028/1", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9301/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/10582/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/10583/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/10967/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24737/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/33256/?format=api" ], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/143502/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149068/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101217/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149087/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149067/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149069/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149070/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149066/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149071/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149072/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149073/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149074/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149075/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149076/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149077/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149078/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149079/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149080/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149081/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149082/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149083/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149084/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149085/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/149086/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24718, "uuid": "dd2b03d085c5494a8cbfc6b4b99ca702", "title": "Methane Observations and Yearly Assessments (MOYA)", "abstract": "MOYA was a NERC funded research programme which began in May 2016 and will run for four years. Sixteen research partners make up the MOYA consortium.\r\n\r\nThe central objective of the MOYA project is to move towards closing the global methane budget through undertaking new observations and further analysis of existing data.", "keywords": "MOYA, FAAM, Atmospheric, gases", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9303/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/10581/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24762/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/43166/?format=api" ], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101793/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101792/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101791/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101790/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101218/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24805, "uuid": "a416be296ccc40ad983a98c30fb291ee", "title": "NERC project: Amazonian peatlands - A potentially important but poorly characterised source of atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide", "abstract": "This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with the following grant reference, NE/I015469/2, led by Dr Yit Arn Teh.\r\n\r\nTropical peatlands are one of the largest global soil carbon repositories and play a critical role in regulating greenhouse gas exchange between the tropical biosphere and atmosphere. Yet despite their acknowledged importance for global atmospheric chemistry, we have relatively few ground-based measurements of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from tropical peatlands. Whilst systematic gas flux measurements have been conducted in Indonesian peatlands, there is little or no data from Amazonian peatlands. Amazonian peatlands are spatially extensive, accounting for at least 150,000 square kilometres in the lowland Amazon; this is a land area that is approximately three-quarters the size of Indonesian peatlands, which are the most extensive tropical peatlands in the world. These ecosystems and their carbon stocks are currently under threat from anthropogenic intervention and future environmental change (e.g. land-use change, acid deposition, climate change), and yet we know little to nothing about their GHG dynamics or relative contribution to the carbon budget of the wider Amazon Basin as a whole.\r\n\r\nThe principal goal of this study was to collect preliminary measurements of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from Amazonian peatlands, in order to take the critical first steps towards understanding the role of these ecosystems in regional and global atmospheric budgets of methane and nitrous oxide. Activities were focused on forested peatlands in the Pastaza-Marañón foreland basin (PMFB), one of the single largest contiguous peatland complexes in the Amazon Basin. The main objectives of this research were to: \r\n\r\n1. Quantify the magnitude and range of soil methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a sub-set of peatlands in the PMFB that represent dominant vegetation types for the wider region\r\n2. Determine seasonal patterns of trace gas exchange\r\n3. Establish the relationship between trace gas fluxes and environmental variables\r\n\r\nSampling was concentrated on the four most dominant vegetation types in the area (forested vegetation, forested [short pole] vegetation, Mauritia flexuosa-dominated palm swamp, and mixed palm swamp). GHG fluxes were captured from both floodplain systems and nutrient-poor bogs in order to account for underlying differences in biogeochemistry that may arise from variations in hydrology. Sampling was conducted during four field campaigns (two wet season, two dry season) over a 27-month period, extending from February 2012 to May 2014.", "keywords": "methane, nitrous oxide, peat, tropical peatland, Pastaza-Marañón foreland basin, Amazonia, Peru", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24806/?format=api" ], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101536/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101537/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101538/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101539/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101540/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101715/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101716/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24808, "uuid": "7ed9d8a288814b8b85433b0d3fec0300", "title": "Atmospheric Pollution & Human Health in a Developing Megacity (APHH)", "abstract": "The Atmospheric Pollution & Human Health in a Developing Megacity (APHH) programme has two separate streams of activity looking at urban air pollution and its impact on Health in Chinese and Indian Megacities. The programme is a collaboration between NERC, the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the UK and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in China, and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in India.", "keywords": "APHH, Atmospheric Pollution, Human Health, Beijing, Delhi", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9305/?format=api" ], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24817/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api", "subProject": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/24901/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/41476/?format=api" ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101571/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102246/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102247/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102248/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102249/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101570/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101569/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101568/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101567/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101566/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101565/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24836, "uuid": "292e227ad10c456296ca4a74ac05a78c", "title": "Spaces of Experience and Horizons of Expectation: Extreme weather in the UK, past, present and future", "abstract": "The aims of the \"Spaces of Experience and Horizons of Expectation: Extreme weather in the UK, past, present and future\" project were to use documentary archives to develop local and regional climate histories in order to:\r\n\r\n - identify periods of unusual weather and extreme events; \r\n - investigate the scale of impact and the nature of human responses; \r\n - explore the nature of the recording and recollection or memory of events. \r\n\r\nAll of these elements are believed crucial for understanding the nature of the events that might take place in the future. \r\n\r\nTEMPEST (Tracking Extremes of Meteorological Phenomena Experienced in Space and Time) is the major output of the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funded project “Spaces of Experience and Horizons of Expectation: Extreme Weather in the UK, Past, Present and Future (2013-2017)\" (AHRC grant award: AH/K005782/1). TEMPEST was designed as a freely accessible and user-friendly database resource on the UK’s weather and climate history. TEMPEST was comprised of narrative accounts of extreme weather events of all types, extracted from documentary materials located in a range of archival repositories in the UK. The information has been extracted from a wide range of documents, including letters, diaries, church records, school log-books and many others. The entries span more than 400 years of weather history and relate to places across the UK, though our data search was focused in five case-study regions: Central England, Southwest England, East Anglia, Wales, and Northwest Scotland. Each event entry or narrative has been assigned to at least one weather type, is dated (at least to a year), and is geographically referenced (using digital coordinates). Many also contain material relating to the impacts of the weather event and responses to it. In addition to information on extreme weather events, TEMPEST contains details of the original documents, their authors, and the collections and repositories in which they are held. TEMPEST is searchable by all of these fields.", "keywords": "Extreme Weather, AH/K005782/1", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101659/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101670/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101671/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101663/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101662/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101666/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101661/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101669/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101664/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101667/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101665/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101668/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101660/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24863, "uuid": "b00a4d31205b45ab88fb0ec9a21ac919", "title": "IPCC Assessment Report Five", "abstract": "Words, words, words.", "keywords": "gridded climate data, model", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/5525/?format=api" ], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/21204/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [] }, { "ob_id": 24870, "uuid": "483f3dd8aea04cdd8346819d82778f92", "title": "Constraining uncertainties in the permafrost-climate (COUP) feedback", "abstract": "The overall aim of COUP was to use landscape-scale process understanding to constrain uncertainties in Earth System Model (ESM) projections of the permafrost-climate feedback. The following objectives were addressed: 1. Use landscape-scale system understanding to develop JULES (the land surface scheme of the UKESM1 ESM) to include permafrost-climate feedback processes 2. Provide an estimate of the permafrost-climate feedback in the updated UKESM1 ESM 3. Provide high-resolution quantification of potential permafrost-climate feedbacks at sites covering the full range of pan-Eurasian environmental conditions 4. Constrain uncertainties in a new estimate of the permafrost-climate feedback based on a simplified carbon climate framework tuned to a range of ESMs 5. Open-source publication of circumpolar datasets to support ESM development in the wider research community\r\n\r\nAs the global climate warms, thawing permafrost may lead to increased greenhouse gas release from Arctic and Boreal ecosystems. Scientists agree that this permafrost-climate feedback is important to the global climate system, but its magnitude and timing remains poorly understood. The overall aim of COUP was to use detailed understanding of landscape-scale processes to improve global scale climate models. Better predictions of how permafrost areas will respond to a warming climate can help us understand and plan for future global change. In recent years much scientific progress has been made towards understanding the complex responses of permafrost ecosystem to climate warming. Despite this, large challenges remain when it comes to including these processes in global climate models. Permafrost ecosystems are highly variable and studies show that very detailed field investigations are needed to understand complexities. Because global scale models cannot run at such high-resolutions, the propose d an approach was to local landscape-scale field studies and modelling to identify those key variables that should be improved in global models. Field studies and high-resolution modelling was used at field sites covering all pan-Eurasian environmental conditions. The system understanding gained from this was then used to (1) scale key variables so they are useful for global models and (2) improve a new global climate model. In the final step, the improved global climate models was used to quantify the impact of thawing permafrost on the global climate.", "keywords": "COUP, permafrost, ESM", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api", "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101746/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101745/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101744/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101743/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101820/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168977/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24871, "uuid": "0cce4a180d3540229e0f49151e2a32f3", "title": "Development of a UAV-mounted Imaging FTIR for real-time monitoring of natural and anthropogenic hazards", "abstract": "The aim of this project was to develop, and validate a low cost, lightweight, compact imaging Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer that can be operational mounted on a UAV that has sufficient spectral resolution and radiometric sensitivity to detect and quantify fugitive gas escapes. The ability to extract the spectral emissivity and surface temperature measurements enabled the surface temperature to be resolved much more accurately and emission spectra images enabled the presence of humans and identification of infrastructure more accurately.\r\n\r\nNatural hazards are characterised by the large area affected, rapidly changing scale and extent of the effects, and severe disruption to access and communication to the affected areas. During and after the onset of a natural disaster an accurate and immediate assessment of the extent and severity of the effects of the event is critical in order to assist the deployment of emergaency services and to implement an effective mitigation strategy. The assessment requirement for anthropogenic hazards differs in that the location and spatial extent of the facility is known and is usually relatively restricted. The requirement for monitoring is therefore for high spatial and temporal resolution monitoring over extended periods over often highly complex infrastructure which can often be elevated 10s of metres off the ground. Acquisition of sampling datasets with the essential 2 and 3D spatial and temporal resolution and detection sensitivity to address the requirements of the emergency services, regulatory agencies and commercial users is a significant monitoring challenge and poses a critical market need. A diverse range of researchers, interest groups, commercial and emergency and regulatory organisations require the detection, quantification and differentiation of surface gas releases at spatial scales ranging from point source to landscape scale. \r\n\r\nIdentification of the sources and fluxes of fugitive releases of hydrocarbon gas is a critical component of a number of emergency and commercial monitoring strategies. Biogenic gas is composed almost entirely of methane whereas thermogenic (natural) hydrocarbon gas is composed of a mixture of methane, propane, butane and ethane. Gas emissions from landfill sites are a common environmental issue faced by councils and the environment agency while fugitive emissions from pipelines are a very expensive and inconvenient problem for many commercial organisations ranging from domestic supply to large-scale petro-chemical facilities.\r\n\r\nThere is an urgent need for the development of a low-cost, rugged, low mass, imaging system that can be mounted on a UAV that has the capability to detect and differentiate fugitive gas escapes and resolve surface temperature accurately. Currently available imaging based gas monitoring instruments are not capable of resolving the hydrocarbon gases with sufficient accuracy. Imaging Fourier Transform Interferometers (FTIRs) have the potential to detect and quantify hydrocarbon emissions but the current design of imaging FTIRs have a very high power consumption, are very heavy and are prohibitively expensive for operational deployment on a UAV. \r\n", "keywords": "FTIR, UAV", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101750/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101749/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101748/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101747/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101821/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24872, "uuid": "659f6b7cafbc41e0ab4c4ed38647f81a", "title": "Total Ozone Reactivity: A new measurement of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere", "abstract": "Gaseous hydrocarbons - volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - are key atmospheric components. They may be air pollutants, harmful to human health in their own right, and some are greenhouse gases. Atmospheric chemical processing of VOCs leads to the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and secondary organic aerosol - which adversely affect health, damage vegetation (reducing crop yields by 5 - 15% globally) and affect climate. A quantitative understanding the atmospheric VOC budget underpins many aspects of atmospheric science.\r\n\r\nThis project developed a prototype ozone reactivity instrument, building upon a feasibility study carried out in our laboratory and has been tested with a system performance with individual VOC standards. The project then took complex VOC mixtures from plant specimens in laboratory enclosures, and demonstrated its applicability to assess the change in BVOC emissions from whole trees in response to environmental stress. \r\n\r\nThis latter objective was achieved through measurements at the internationally unique whole tree chambers at the Hawkesbury Forest Experiment (HFE) site in Richmond, NSW, where measured changes in total ozone reactivity from eucalyptus trees as a function of changing RH, temperature and CO2 abundance (400 ppm [i.e. present day] vs 640 ppm). Within the duration of the project, only limited experiments were undertaken - but provided a unique insight into the response of total BVOC emissions from vegetation to environmental change, underpinning future exploitation of the approach.\r\n\r\nThe project achieved technology readiness level (TRL) 4 - basic validation in a controlled environment. Following this proof-of-concept work (i.e. outside this proposal), we have identified an opportunity for initial field deployment of the technique, to perform the first measurements of total BVOC ozone reactivity in ambient air, from a mature Oak woodland under conditions of present day and anticipated future CO2 levels. VOC.", "keywords": "Ozone, reactivity, VOC, trees", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101756/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101755/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101754/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101753/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101822/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168814/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24873, "uuid": "2a3ae8adf65e471e9af68ff27ef9b586", "title": "International network for coordinating work on the physicochemical properties of molecules and mixtures important for atmospheric particulate matter", "abstract": "Predicting the impact of atmospheric aerosols, through their evolving size and chemical composition, relies on using mechanistic models that attempt to predict the partitioning of potentially millions of such compounds between the gas phase and condensed phase. Uncertainties in the physicochemical properties of pure components and condensed phase mixtures affect our ability to accurately predict and resolve this partitioning. How do we tackle such uncertainties? \r\n\r\nIn 2 ongoing NERC grants, a range of fundamental properties of pure components and mixtures (vapour pressures, viscosities and diffusion constants), are being measured with the objective of improving predictions for atmospheric functionalities. Given the urgency of making such measurements, complementary instruments and expertise exists across the EU and North America that is not available through existing NERC projects. Similarly, the laboratory facilities and expertise enabled by the referenced NERC projects are not accessible to such international programmes. Why is the lack of coherence in methodology and expertise a problem? Recent reviews by the international community highlight significant discrepancies between experimental methods. Despite this, there is no coordinated effort to reconcile these differences or to start compiling appropriate data, with appropriate screening, to improve the predictive techniques essential for improving atmospheric aerosol models. Current compiled data are extremely sparse. On top of this, there are no recommended standards to establish accepted criteria for future measurements or an agreed set of modelling tools to determine how accurate the data has to be to predict evolving aerosol properties. Ultimately, we do not know what level of accuracy in properties might be attainable and acceptable. This is a unique opportunity to address these issues internationally whilst directly benefiting existing and future NERC driven programmes. This IOF will catalyse exploitation of data from ongoing NERC grants, consolidating it into new databases built with measurements and expertise from partner organisation, adding value by expanding flexibility and accuracy of predictive techniques. We have identified 3 ongoing and 2 completed NERC grants as detailed in the case for support. Each partner will provide access to their existing measurement and modelling programmes, involvement in evaluation committee meetings, writing publications, hosting researchers to take part in intercomparisons (see letters of support) and supporting engagement with the wider community once the network matures. Whilst we identify activities to take place over a 2-year period, it is crucial to ensure project sustainability. As such, we will not only create new databanks and an agreed set of open source community modelling facilities, but an agreed set of standards for accepting future measurements will be established. We will engage with the global community through open workshops and meetings. The network comprises researchers from: The University of Manchester [lead], University of Bristol [UK-CoI], ETH [Switzerland], Aarhus University [Denmark], Stockholm University [Sweden], Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory [US], Pacific Northwest National Lab [US] and University of British Columbia [Canada].\r\n \r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nThe complexity of measuring/collating/evaluating data for a range of physicochemical properties essential for predicting the properties of atmospheric aerosol is now beyond the capability of a single group. Instead, a larger scale coordination of researchers is essential to ensure data are screened within a consistent framework, without bias. This is the crux of this proposal, to create an international network that has hitherto not existed, led from the UK, to: \r\n(1) Coordinate and enable trans-national access to appropriate laboratory and modelling studies on the properties of individual organic components and mixtures typical of atmospheric aerosol constituents. These properties include: the vapour pressures of organic components; the diffusion constants of organic components in condensed phases; and the viscosities of mixtures of organic components. \r\n(2) Create a standardised database of collaboratively agreed data for these properties and, thus, directly improve the performance of property predictive techniques and mechanistic aerosol models essential for quantifying the properties and impacts of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol.", "keywords": "physiochemical, atmospheric, aerosols", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101760/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101759/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101758/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101757/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101823/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24874, "uuid": "d87beeb67c5c46639b4e9ed443fe6a94", "title": "Earthquakes without frontiers: a partnership for increasing resilience to seismic hazard in the continents", "abstract": "Between 2 and 2.5 million people have died in earthquakes since 1900, and approximately two-thirds of those deaths have occurred in the continental interiors, far from the plate boundaries. Over this time interval, advances in the scientific understanding of earthquakes have been translated into impressive resilience in regions where the hazard is well understood (eg California, Chile, and Japan). Here, resilience is defined as the ability of a community to resist, accommodate, or adapt to the effects of an earthquake, to maintain critical basic functions, and to recover after the event. \r\n\r\nComparable advances have not, however, taken place in most parts of the continental interiors. Instead, many parts of the continental interiors, and particularly the Alpine-Himalayan belt, have seen a major increase in vulnerability to earthquakes in the last few decades, due to a wide range of social, economic, and governance issues. Increasing resilience to continental earthquakes and their related hazards is therfore an urgent scientific and societal priority. This goal requires a holistic view of earthquakes, and collaboration between physical scientists, social scientists, practitioners, and governments on a scale that has not yet been attempted. This project knits together three groups with extensive and successful track records in (i) the science of earthquakes and related hazards [COMET+, the Dynamic Earth and Geohazards research group in the National Centre of Earth Observation, and the British Geological Survey Hazards Group] (ii) exploring the social science of resilience to emerging hazards and risks [Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, University of Durham, and associated researchers] and (iii) the use of research to promote evidence-based policy [Overseas Development Institute].\r\n\r\nThis project established a global partnership between researchers from six UK universities, two UK research centers, and representatives of a wide range of governmental and non-governmental organisations from countries across the Alpine-Himalayan belt. This partnership focused on communication and sharing of research needs and knowledge gaps, basic research findings and outputs, and new approaches for building resilience to earthquakes across the region.\r\n\r\nThis partnership carried out coupled physical- and social-science research in three case-study areas (China, central Asia, and the Himalayan front). Our understanding of earthquake occurrence across this large region is currently too poor to provide detailed estimates of likely earthquake probabilities and effects at the sub-national scales needed by communities - let alone to provide forecasts of earthquake occurrence. \r\n\r\nOne component of the project involved research into the locations of active faults across the region, the rates at which they are currently deforming, and the ground shaking that they are likely to produce. This basic physical science research, which included the effects of secondary hazards such as landsliding, provided baseline scenarios about the hazards in forms that are meaningful for, and usable by, the communities at risk.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, the project mapped and identify the societal factors that help or hinder the creation of resilience to those physical hazards. This holistic approach to resilience included investigation of cultural practices and adaptations, economic considerations, social mechanisms, and the role that governance at all scales plays in determining how resilience communities are to earthquakes.\r\n\r\nThe overall framework of this project was provided by the ODI's RAPID methodology, where the expertise of the partner organisations, and the research findings outlined above were used, to generate a set of evidence-based toolkits and policy recommendations that together define the pathways by which resilience to earthquakes can best be increased, both in the case-study areas and across the entire partnership.", "keywords": "Earthquake, frontieers, seismic", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101762/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101764/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101763/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101761/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101824/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24875, "uuid": "220f556d3b194bfb9fb1dbf262707d8b", "title": "Does Ozonolysis Chemistry affect Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Sulphur Cycling?", "abstract": "The aim was to assess the importance of a new atmospheric reaction, recently discovered by the UK team through a current NERC research grant, using the unique simulation chamber facility available in Guangzhou. \r\n\r\nThe overall science aim of this IOF pump-priming project is to assess the importance of a newly discovered atmospheric chemical process (the SCI + DMS reaction, see Summary text below) through a new international collaboration which brings together leading UK and Chinese expertise and facilities. Our specific objectives are : 1. To develop a new partnership with researchers from the State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GIG-CAS), whose expertise and unique atmospheric simulation chamber complements UK capability, through research staff exchanges and a programme of experiments at the GIG-CAS chamber. 2. To perform a series of experiments in the new GIG-CAS atmospheric simulation chamber to assess the impacts of SCI + DMS chemistry upon atmospheric sulphur oxidation, allowing the importance of this new chemistry, discovered through a current NERC research grant, to be assessed.\r\n\r\nThe wider project context involved atmospheric processing of sulphur species. Well understood atmospheric chemical processes break down the sulphur species - molecules such as dimethylsulphide (DMS) or SO2 - these reactions are driven by OH radicals in the gas phase, and form sulphate aerosol particles, which scatter sunlight and can catalyse the formation of cloud droplets - so the processing of sulphur species exerts a major influence upon climate. Sulphur processing leading to sulphuric acid also contributes to rainwater acidity. \r\n\r\nThis project used the newly developed chamber in Guangzhou to resolve uncertainties - the GIG chamber instrumentation can detect the gas- and condensed-phase DMS oxidation products, and has recently been used for a study of SCI chemistry in vehicle exhausts. The project consisted of PI / research staff exchanges to plan and model the chamber experiments in detail, followed by simulation chamber measurements to probe the SCI - DMS system in Guangzhou. These experiments determined the importance of this new reaction, under realistic atmospheric boundary layer conditions. This proposal has developed following discussions between Bloss and Wang at meetings in Beijing, and a visit by Bloss to the GIG facility in March 2015. In addition to the specific science goals, it nurtured a developing collaboration between UK groups (with substantial expertise in the conduct of simulation chamber experiments) and leading Chinese researchers at GIG (with unique chamber facilities) in atmospheric chemistry, with potential for future links, for example in the context of forthcoming NERC-Newton-NSFC \"Urban Air Pollution in a Chinese Megacity\" projects. China is rapidly emerging as a research-leading nation, and this engagement links to top scientists (i.e., within the Chinese Academy of Sciences) thereby supporting the UK's international reputation in atmos\r\n \r\n", "keywords": "Ozonolysis, marine, sulphur, cycling, sci", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101769/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101768/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101767/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101766/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101765/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24876, "uuid": "4b90a73c6b8d4639b8af70114e20bb3f", "title": "UK-Taiwan collaboration on transport and deposition of air pollution over the South China Sea", "abstract": "Economies in South East Asia are developing rapidly leading to rapidly growing emissions of a variety of important chemicals including halocarbon compounds that can impact the ozone layer and nutrients and contaminants that can alter ocean biological processes. These emissions are carried towards the Pacific Ocean mixing with dust from the Asian deserts. The subsequent deposition of this material can impact on ocean productivity and the transport of ozone damaging chemicals southwards allows them to enter the equatorial region with rapid transfer to the stratosphere with attendant threats to stratospheric ozone. A recently developed Taiwanese sampling station offers an ideal location to study this Asian outflow as it starts its journey and hence to better understand its current and potential future impacts in the region and globally. This project aimed to develop links between a leading UK research group and colleagues in Taiwan in preparation for a major grant application for fields studies in this region.\r\n \r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nThis proposal requests IOF support to for the development of a collaborative relationship between scientists at the Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Science at the University of East Anglia (UEA) and two leading research groups in Taiwan - the Research Center for Environmental Changes at Academia Sinica (AS ) in Taiwan and the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the National Central University of Taiwan (NCU). The proposal requests funds for visits including a demonstration field sampling campaign to develop and inter-compare methodologies in preparation for the submission of a major research grant focused on the scale and biogeochemical impact of atmospheric outflow of atmospheric pollutants and dust from South East Asia.", "keywords": "Taiwan, air pollution, china", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101774/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101773/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101772/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101771/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101770/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24877, "uuid": "cfd92bd91520430d802555d234af44a8", "title": "Sustaining Himalayan Water Resources in a Changing Climate (SusHi-Wat)", "abstract": "This project investigated how water is stored in, and moves through, a Himalayan river system (the inter-linked Beas and Sutjej catchments) in northern India at daily to decadal timescales and to use the resulting insights to develop and tested a robust model of the whole system that can be used to inform current and future decision making to support the sustainable development and management of the region's water resources. Building on the success of the MICCI project (within the Changing Water Cycle - South Asia programme) in the region, the project addressed user requirements centred on understanding and managing the effects of climatological and hydrological variability and socio-economic development on delivery of critical ecosystems services, notably the irrigation water supply-hydropower generation-flood risk management nexus.\r\n\r\nA combination of state-of-the-art modelling, field studies, satellite-based remote sensing and observation used to improve the process-based understanding of Himalayan water resources availability and quality, considering meteorology, surface-water, groundwater, seasonal snow, permanent snow/ice, soil and vegetation. These stores and flows were considered within a 'whole-system' framework that explicitly recognises their inter-dependencies and interactions.\r\n\r\nThe improved understanding was used to set-up, calibrate and validate a robust system model of the river basins using the widely used Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) software system. This model integrated both 'natural' catchment processes and human modifications of the river basin system into account. These latter include irrigation, hydropower generation, and inter-basin water transfers. The whole system model was used to understand how the impact of climate change, land-use change and population growth will affect water resources (including flood risk management), water demand (irrigation and public water demand) and inter-sectoral competition for water supply (for water transfers, irrigation and hydropower) through their interactions with the hydrological cycle. The results were used to inform decision-making and support the sustainable development of India's water resources and hence long-term socio-economic growth", "keywords": "Sushi-wat, Himalayan, hydrological, river, model, MICCI", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101779/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101778/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101777/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101776/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101775/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24878, "uuid": "be196dbbf8ce4aad97ee46e54cd2291e", "title": "Reducing Snow-Climate Uncertainty in Earth System modelling (ReSCUES)", "abstract": "This project uses use high-resolution meteorological data and the same modelling methods that were applied on the hemispheric scale to make and test predictions for snowmelt in well-instrumented areas of the French and Swiss Alps. Methods developed were incorporated in a \"downscaling toolkit\" which will be made available to researchers and water managers by the International Network for Alpine Research Catchment Hydrology.\r\n\r\nSnow is a material with remarkable physical properties that profoundly alters the characteristics of the Earth's surface where it lies. Because snow has a high albedo (the fraction of solar radiation that it reflects rather than absorbs) and a high latent heat of fusion (the energy required to melt it), it delays the warming of the atmosphere and the ground in spring each year. Satellite measurements of Northern Hemisphere snow cover have now been available for 50 years, and a strong decreasing trend correlated with warming has been observed in spring over that period. Less snow accumulates in a warmer climate and melts sooner, increasing the absorption of solar radiation and reinforcing the warming (a strong positive feedback). Snow conducts heat poorly because it contains trapped air and so insulates the ground from cold temperatures in winter; this controls soil freezing and provides protection for short plants, small animals and soil microbes living in snowy regions, with important and complex impacts on the global carbon cycle. For all of these reasons, it is important that climate models should be able to predict snow cover accurately. Unfortunately, the latest climate models still differ greatly in their simulations of how snow cover varies from year to year in the current climate and how it will change in the future. There are many potential sources for this uncertainty, including errors in snowfall and temperature patterns predicted by models, multiple processes that control the rate of snowmelt but may be poorly represented in models, and uncertainty in setting optimal values for model parameters. It has proven very difficult to disentangle these sources of uncertainty and to determine how they can be reduced. In this project, we will use a new modelling system in which a single meteorological variable, model process or parameter value can be varied at a time, allowing highly controlled experiments to precisely determine how they influence simulations. Direct measurements of snow properties at research sites and satellite measurements of snow cover and albedo across the Northern Hemisphere will be used to identify the best simulations. Because snow melts both as the weather warms in spring and as the climate warms, improving the ability of models to simulate the current seasonal cycle and past trends can be expected to improve projections of future conditions, provided that the improvements are obtained for sound physical reasons. Improved predictions and better understanding of the sensitivity of snow to climate change will contribute to reviews of climate science by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which are essential resources for policymakers. Another important feature of snow is that it stores precipitation that falls in the mountains over winter and releases it in warmer times of year when human demand for water is higher. Many parts of the world are provided with water and threatened by floods from melting snow in upstream mountain regions. Even if the total amount of precipitation does not change in a warming climate, a shift to more falling as rain rather than snow will lead to river flows peaking earlier in the year, requiring major changes in the management of water resources. Global climate models, which cannot resolve processes occurring on scales smaller than a few hundred kilometres, are not adequate tools for informing water management decisions, but national weather services are now beginning to run forecasts for limited areas and short periods with kilometre-scale resolutions. \r\n\r\nNERC Project Reference: NE/P011926/1", "keywords": "Rescues, snow, modelling, melt", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101784/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101783/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101782/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101781/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101780/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24879, "uuid": "40a0c160907f4215a2d06ced9bc51d5e", "title": "Methane Production in the Arctic: Under-recognized Cold Season and Upland Tundra - Arctic Methane Sources (UAMS)", "abstract": "This project used state of the art approaches and knowledge to better understand the current patterns of and controls on methane (CH4) release from the Arctic to the atmosphere and to improve major models to better simulate future releases of CH4 from the Arctic as the planet warms. Atmospheric methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas (after CO2) that has strong anthropogenic origins. High northern latitude terrestrial ecosystems account for ca. 50% of extra-tropical biogenic wetland emissions. More importantly methane emissions from the Arctic could increase dramatically in the future. The very large organic carbon stocks (>1,300 GtC) in the top 3 m of Arctic soils and the rapid climate change experienced and predicted in the Arctic, results in a very real possibility of large biogenic CH4 release from these soils in this century. Despite the importance of CH4 fluxes from the Arctic, now and in the future, biogenic and total natural CH4 emissions are poorly understood and very poorly modelled (Fisher et al., 2014).\r\n\r\nIn 2013 five eddy covariance (EC) towers in Arctic Alaska were updated to operate reliably year-round and measure CH4 fluxes. Initial measurements yielded two unexpected and highly significant findings: 1) cold season CH4 emissions account for >50% of annual emissions and 2) drier upland tundra are larger emitters of CH4 than wetter inundated tundra (Zona et al 2016 PNAS). These observations and processes are not now incorporated in leading global land-surface/carbon-cycle models used to calculate current and predict future CH4 emissions from the Arctic. Verifying this new understanding and incorporating this understanding into models used in the UK and elsewhere revolutionised our ability to accurately calculate and model terrestrial CH4 fluxes. These results are critical to verifying current baseline emissions, detecting a changing baseline, and for predicting, with confidence, biogenic CH4 emissions from the Arctic in the future. This project has two overarching objectives: (1) determining the patterns of, controls on, and importance of cold season and upland tundra in Arctic CH4 emissions; (2) incorporating this understanding into JULES, LPJ and TCF, thus significantly improving our ability to estimate current and predict future CH4 fluxes in the Arctic. This work has impacted policy through new information and model development, reported through conferences and publications and referenced in upcoming IPCC reports. In the project, year-round observation of methane release to the atmosphere, and the atmospheric and soil environment that corresponds to these fluxes. The project initiated new experiments and observations to understand the processes and conditions controlling the observed CH4 fluxes including a new system of measurement of CO2, CH4, and 222Rn concentrations that allow autonomous, year-round, determination of CH4 production, consumption, and flux by soil depth and snow layer. The year-round measure of [CH4] and d13CH4 helped identify the importance of methane oxidation in surface soil layers at different locations and seasons and determined the role of GPP in controlling rates of CH4 production. The project also determined the importance of vascular plants in providing a conduit for CH4 produced at depth, to escape to the atmosphere past an oxidizing surface layer. \r\n\r\nGrant Ref: NE/P003028/1", "keywords": "UAMS, methane, Artic, tunda, CH4", "status": "", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101789/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101788/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101787/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101786/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101785/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24880, "uuid": "bc00eaefb3cd46e8b402404741905935", "title": "Effects of air pollution on cardiopulmonary disease in urban and peri-urban residents in Beijing (AIRLESS)", "abstract": "The aim of this project was to enhance the understanding of the impact of air pollution on cardiopulmonary disease in residents in urban and peri-urban Beijing. The project period obtained detailed information on the current health status of the subjects, details of the personal exposure to air pollution and biosamples for biomarker analysis. This project addressed the following scientific objectives: \r\nObjective 1: To establish two panels comprising of 125 subjects each from the PRC-USA and INTERMAP cohorts with the aim of reassessing seasonal differences in cardiopulmonary risk factors. \r\nObjective 2: To use personal air pollution monitors to assess exposure to key health related pollutants and to assess exposure mis-classification when central monitor and/or modelled exposure estimates are made in inner and outer Beijing. \r\nObjective 3: To assess the association between air pollution exposure and key cardiopulmonary measures.\r\n\r\nIn the last few decades China's rising energy requirements have led to increased air pollution emissions from coal-fired power plants. Its motorized transport growth is the fastest in the world with the number of motor vehicles projected to quadruple in the next two decades, reaching over 380 million by 2030. Meanwhile, nearly half of all Chinese still cook and heat their homes with highly polluting biomass and coal fuels. The resulting particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the majority of Chinese cities routinely exceed the World Health Organization's (WHO) annual Air Quality Guideline of 10 microgrammes/m3 by a factor of 10 or more. Epidemiologic studies undertaken in China increasingly confirm links between poor air quality and a range of health risks previously observed in the West. Moreover, they confirm that the number of Chinese that are vulnerable to air pollution is increasing, as evidenced by a large and growing burden of disease from chronic non-communicable diseases - such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. Research to enhance the understanding of the impact of environmental exposures on human health is needed to influence both government policy on pollution and also individual behaviours.", "keywords": "AIRLESS, air pollution, Beijing, health", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101798/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101796/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101795/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101794/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101797/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24881, "uuid": "b5862e82f1af40839c5bf3293c16229e", "title": "An Integrated Study of AIR Pollution PROcesses in Beijing (AIRPRO)", "abstract": "This project tackled some of the key uncertainties that remain in urban air processes, including how polluting chemicals are transformed or oxidised in the atmosphere, how gases and particles interact, how pollution is dispersed by weather, how remote emissions from outside the city impacts on urban populations and how the presence of pollution itself may affect feedback and alter on meteorology in cities. The project focused its study on three key types of harmful air pollution: particulate matter (referred to as PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone O3. The project was a collaboration between ten UK Universities, three leading Chinese research institutes, all part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and three UK partner research organisations (CERC, NPL, Met Office). The project included two periods of intensive observations in the centre of Beijing, in the contrasting atmospheric conditions of winter and summer. The experiments made measurements at the surface, and in the vertical using a unique 1000ft meteorological tower. These experiments generated a complex and multiparameter dataset that can challenge state of the art computer models of urban pollution. By challenging models with detailed data, their capabilities can be assessed and their weaknesses and failings identified, and then targeted for improvement. The project used state of the art models from the UK and from China, and developed methods to generate very high spatial resolution estimates of pollution at the surface, a type of data that is essential when studying the health effects of pollution, or evaluating how successful a future policy might be.\r\n \r\n\r\nScience objectives: \r\n-Assess whether the processes by which pollutants are transformed or removed through chemical reactions and photolysis, and the rates of formation and conversion of particulate matter via atmospheric reactions, are consistent with our understanding obtained from studies in environments which differ fundamentally from that observed in Beijing. \r\n\r\n-Quantify how the detailed properties of particulate matter evolve and can influence their physical properties and behaviour in the atmosphere (e.g. haze formation), and elucidate the mechanisms whereby those properties may interact and feedback on urban scale and regional meteorology. We address these overarching objectives through two field observation periods in Beijing contrasting winter and summer conditions, drawing together a wide range of instrumentation and modelling tools from both countries and using the unique IAP tall tower in the city centre.", "keywords": "AIRPRO, air pollution, Beijing, PM, NO2, O3", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101801/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101800/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101799/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101803/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101802/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24883, "uuid": "91fad4979c2441cfad34822350de7f87", "title": "Uncertainty reduction in Models For Understanding deveLopment Applications (UMFULA)", "abstract": "Central and Southern Africa (C&SA) exemplifies the issues that FCFA aims to address: a complex mix of remote and regional climate drivers that challenge conventional climate model simulations, high levels of poorly simulated multi-year climate variability, an extremely low level of investment in climate science relative even to other parts of Africa but particularly West Africa; high physical and socio-economic exposure to climate that projections indicate may become drier and more variable in the future; and low adaptive capacity resulting in decision-making and medium-term planning that is inhibited by significant political, institutional and economic barriers. Meanwhile economic growth and significant infrastructure planning is taking place within C&SA in the absence of adequate climate information.\r\n\r\nDeficient understanding of many key climate features in C&SA is one barrier to the integration of climate information into decision-making. UMFULA provided a step-change in climate science in C&SA. The objectives include: (i) fundamental research into key climate processes over C&SA and how these are dealt with in models; (ii) a process-based evaluation to determine how models invoke change and whether that change is credible; (iii) production of novel climate products (Work Packages WP1-2) encompassing convection permitting and very high resolution (c4 km) ocean-atmosphere coupled simulations that will reveal processes of high impact events and as yet unexplored complexities of the climate change signal. We will also focus on neglected but critical elements of the circulation such as the links between C&SA and the role of local features including the Angolan Low, Botswana anticyclone, Angola/Benguela Frontal Zone, and the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge. Based on this research and through co-production with stakeholders we will generate improved and streamlined climate information for decision-makers (WP3).\r\n\r\nThis project used use a deliberative and participatory methodology to test findings from FCFA pillars 1 and 2 with stakeholders based on deep engagement in two contrasting case studies: the Rufiji river basin in Tanzania, and sub-national decision-making in Malawi. They are carefully selected as exemplars of multi-sector, multi-stakeholder, and multi-scale decision situations which can be compared for transferable lessons on the effective use of climate services.\r\n\r\nIn-depth understanding of decision-making contexts, including political economy, theories of institutional change, and individual motivation from behavioural sciences informed how to tailor and target climate projections for most effective use (WP4). The case study areas (WP5-6) tested these findings through a co-produced framework of C&SA-appropriate decision-making under climate uncertainty to identify robust climate services-informed intervention pathways (portfolios of policies and investments that could work well over a broad range of climatic and socio-economic futures). Our Capstone Work Package (WP7), and major outcome, was the synthesis of best decision-making models and appraisal methods that are transferable in the African context and enable effective use of climate information in medium-term decision-making.\r\n\r\nThe seven UMFULA Work Packages cut across the three FCFA pillars to ensure maximum complementarity and integration. We are a consortium with world-leading expertise in climate science, decision science and adaptation research and practice, together with stakeholder networks and strong, long-standing relationships in C&SA. We comprise 5 UK and 13 African institutions.\r\n\r\nGrant Ref: NE/M020509/2", "keywords": "UMFULA. Central and Southern Africa, Climate, model", "status": "", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101809/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101813/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101812/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101811/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101810/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24884, "uuid": "bf21a2279ff0419db6a637183c748d0c", "title": "Securing Multidisciplinary UndeRstanding and Prediction of Hiatus and Surge events (SMURPHS)", "abstract": "The project SMURPHS (Securing Multidisciplinary UndeRstanding and Prediction of Hiatus and Surge events) aims to better understand the causes of periods where the rate of global-mean surface temperature is increased or decreased at decadal time-scales (hereafter referred to as \"surge\" or \"hiatus\" events, or collectively as \"H/S events\") compared with long term (multi-decadal) trends. The focus is to understand the slowdown in the rate of warming since the late 1990s but earlier H/S events will also be considered. Previous investigations have largely focused on single mechanisms contributing to the current hiatus. Our approach advanceed current understanding and improve prediction of hiatus and surge decades by considering multiple mechanisms and their interactions. \r\n\r\nA novel, inter-disciplinary framework was applied to three primary research objectives. \r\nObjective 1: Developing a conceptual framework for characterising hiatus and surge events. There is currently no established framework for quantifying H/S events and their main causes. SMURPHS aims to understand the morphology of past events and develop new ways of comparing observations and models to understand interactions between different components of the climate system (atmosphere, land and ocean), forced response and internal variability. Specific objectives are; O1a. To create a suitable conceptual global framework to understand the role of interactions between forced response and internal variability. The framework would concentrate on how different processes can cause H/S events in global-mean surface temperature. O1b. To determine multivariate fingerprints of H/S events and their spatial structure in observations and models. There was a focus on the spatial structure of process variables relating to the flow of energy through the climate system. \r\nObjective 2: Assess the key processes in past hiatus and surge events. The project considered multiple potential mechanisms involved in driving, amplifying and extending H/S events with particular focus on four key processes and their interactions, that have been implicated in past events but have so far been poorly quantified. Specific objectives are; O2a. To understand the role of changing patterns of anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol emissions in driving and influencing the evolution of H/S events. O2b. To determine the influence of volcanic aerosol on H/S events for both large and small eruptions, quiet and active periods. O2c. To identify ocean dynamical mechanisms that alter ocean heat uptake (from the upper ocean, of about 100 m depth, which may be regarded as part of the surface climate system on interannual timescales, into the ocean beneath). O2d. To identify possible cloud feedback changes that alter the Earth's energy imbalance during H/S events. O2e. To understand how these possible drivers interact and may be linked. \r\nObjective 3: Determine the predictability of hiatus and surge events. The extent to which the recent hiatus was predictable is debated. Most hind-casts exhibit too much warming. This may be because the event was inherently unpredictable, or because model biases or inadequate observations preclude the ability to predict it. Specific objectives are: O3a. To assess the potential predictability of H/S events and to determine which processes are essential for predictability. A specific focus was on the role of volcanic eruptions. O3b. To assess the role of H/S events in near term future trends. This was aided by participation in international coordination efforts on decadal prediction. O3c. To quantify the contributions of forcing and internally generated variability to past H/S events O3d. To determine how H/S events affect estimates of transient climate response and equilibrium climate sensitivity.", "keywords": "SMURPHS, surge, climate change", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101817/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101815/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101816/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101814/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101818/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/148588/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168976/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24885, "uuid": "8209b2681ba049c8a9086df04ad955b1", "title": "Climate of the LAst Millennium (CLAM): An Integrated Data-Model Approach to Reconstruct and Interpret Annual Variability in North Atlantic Circulation", "abstract": "The overarching aim of the project was to generate and interpret the first millennial scale robustly calibrated annually resolved reconstruction of the N. Atlantic Ocean circulation. The project utilised the reconstruction along with modelling simulations to produce an estimate for the variability in the horizontal circulation of the N. Atlantic and Nordic Seas, and identify the associated driving mechanisms. The implications of these insights for AMOC variability was also explored. \r\n\r\nThe project addressed the following hypotheses:\r\nHypothesis 1. The geochemistry of bivalve chronologies allows us to quantitatively reconstruct Sea surface temperature and salinity (SST/SSS) variability within each of the major N. Atlantic oceanographic provinces (e.g. subtropical gyre, subpolar gyre and North Atlantic Current) at annual timescales across the last millennium; \r\nHypothesis 2. The quantitative and annually resolved SST/SSS reconstructions from these spatial provinces will allow the identification of the dominant components of N. Atlantic circulation change over the last millennium; \r\nHypothesis 3. The integration of these reconstructions with state-of-the-art numerical climate modelling will (i) robustly identify the key mechanisms and drivers of N. Atlantic circulation variability at annual to multi-decadal timescales during the last millennium and (ii) allow the identification of the relevant sentinels of future N. Atlantic circulation and climate change. \r\n\r\nThe project employed a data-modelling approach involving the use of multi-proxies, growth increment width and stable/radioisotope geochemical (d18O, d13C and 14C) proxies, derived from new and existing absolutely-dated millennial scale sclerochronologies together with the analysis of the preindustrial control and millennial simulations carried out for the CMIP5 project and undertaking novel simulations using the ocean component of the 3rd Hadley Centre General Environmental Model (HadGEM3). \r\n\r\nSpecific Project Objectives: \r\n1) To construct a 1000 year Glycymeris glycymeris absolutely dated sclerochronology from the Tiree Passage, NW Scotland; \r\n2) Derive the relative contribution of salinity and temperature of the ambient water to the stable isotopic content of the shell by comparison of modern samples with the Tiree Passage and local instrumental temperature and salinity observational series (e.g. Tiree Passage and Keppel Pier oceanographic moorings), and estimate uncertainty in these relationships for the pre-observational era from CMIP5 model control run analysis; \r\n3) Reconstruct annually resolved SST/SSSs in the Tiree Passage sclerochronology for the past 1000 years using stable isotope geochemical (d18O, d13C) and growth increment width proxies; \r\n4) Identify and compare the amplitude, rate and frequency of SST/SSS variability in the Tiree Passage with reconstructions from N. Iceland and the Gulf of Maine. These shell records will further be compared with palaeoclimate reconstructions derived from coralline algal, ice cores, speleothems, dendrochronologies and lower resolution ocean sediment archives providing a comprehensive network of archives across the N. Atlantic region spanning the last several hundred to 1000 years; \r\n5) Identify the timescale-dependant relationship between study site temperature and salinity (and therefore change in d18O) and the dominant components of N. Atlantic circulation, within the preindustrial control simulations of CMIP5; \r\n6) Reconstruct the evolution of the above-identified N. Atlantic circulation components over the last 1000 years, and compare with results from the CMIP5 Millennial simulations and mechanisms in control simulations. \r\n7) Quantify the relative impacts of ocean density changes and variations in wind stress forcing on the d18O variability observed at the proxy sites. \r\n8) Quantify the impact of Maunder Minimum solar ultraviolet irradiance on N. Atlantic ocean-atmosphere", "keywords": "CLAM, North Atlantic, model, ocean circulation", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101827/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101828/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101829/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101830/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101826/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24887, "uuid": "c3c445bf1a9f40aab6eed0d62d39e382", "title": "ICE-IMPACT: International Consortium for the Exploitation of Infrared Measurements of PolAr ClimaTe", "abstract": " The overarching aim of the proposed research was to bring together internationally recognised scientists currently active in Far Infrared (FIR) or related research to strengthen their individual efforts and develop a core team that can lead future international activities in this area. This particular bid explored the role of FIR radiation in shaping polar climate, building on a range of ongoing initiatives in the UK, USA and Italy. The planned work had two main science foci: (1) quantify the recently identified 'ice-emissivity' feedback using a combination of novel observations and theoretical modelling; (2) link surface based, in-situ and space-based measurements to develop a greater understanding of the controls on the longwave radiation budget in polar regions. In meeting the aims, an array of coherent, observationally based tools were developed that can be used to test and evaluate climate model performance in polar environments. Specific scientific objectives to be realised through the course of the project are: O1: the first derivation of FIR snow and ice surface emissivity from in-situ measurements over the Arctic ice sheet; O2: the delivery of a unique, spectrally-resolved surface downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) database, stratified according to meteorological/cloud regime, designed for satellite retrieval and model evaluation over Antarctica; O3: the delivery of a thoroughly validated, multi-year, ongoing satellite-based record of spectral outgoing longwave radiation covering the full infrared spectrum; O4: the application of the tools developed through WP1-3 to evaluate model performance in polar environments with initial focus on the atmospheric components of the UK's Earth System Model (UKESM) and the US Department of Energy's Community Earth System Model (CESM).\r\n\r\nThe Far infra red (FIR) is defined as the region of electromagnetic spectrum found at wavelengths greater than 15 microns. FIR radiation plays a major role in the Earth's energy balance, accounting for approximately half of the emission to space from the Earth and its atmosphere in the global mean. Fundamental physics implies that FIR radiation will play an even more important role in influencing climate variability and change in the fragile polar regions. The very cold surface temperatures found in these locations means that a greater fraction of the emitted surface energy is found at longer wavelengths. Moreover, the associated very low water vapour concentrations typically found in polar regimes effectively open up 'windows' in the FIR, making it possible to see further into the atmosphere from the ground than would normally be possible at these wavelengths. By the same argument, more of the surface energy emitted at these wavelengths is able to escape to space. Recent work has suggested that assumptions about FIR surface characteristics made in many of the most advanced models that we use to predict climate - termed Earth-system models - mean that they may be missing an important polar climate feedback process. This could lead to an additional Arctic surface warming of up to 2 K by the 2030s which would be expected to affect the rate of ice-melt and sea-level rise. Termed the 'ice-emissivity' feedback, the mechanism depends on the fact that snow and ice emit more energy at FIR wavelengths than sea-water at the same temperature. Current Earth-system models typically assume that all surfaces have the same emissivity in the FIR and so do not include this feedback process. These same models also struggle to match surface observations of the downwelling radiation emitted by the atmosphere in polar regions, a shortcoming that is believed to be principally due to inadequacies in the representation of polar clouds. However, up to now a detailed evaluation of the polar radiation budget has been hampered by a lack of dedicated observations spanning the entire infrared, including the FIR. This project seeked to address this deficiency by bringing together a team of international experts in FIR research and climate modelling to develop a suite of observationally based tools which were used to assess model performance and drive future improvements. This project derived the first ever assessment of FIR surface emissivity from in-situ airborne observations over the Greenland plateau; characterise the infrared surface radiation budget over Antarctica and assess the meteorological processes driving variability there over a range of time-scales; evaluate approaches used to derive synthetic FIR measurements from space-based observations; and begin the process of quantifying the ice-emissivity feedback in two leading Earth-system models.", "keywords": "ICE-IMPACT, FIR, infra red, polar, climate", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101836/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101838/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101839/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101840/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101837/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24890, "uuid": "03f0253ce2ba42178787527238491156", "title": "AMAZONICA: Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis", "abstract": "AMAZONICA was an UK-Brasil Consortium funded by NERC (National Environmental Reasearch Council, UK) which has as a goal: \r\n\r\n- to quantify the carbon balance of the Amazon Basin and its associated contribution to global atmospheric change, \r\n\r\n- to apportion and understand the processes contributing to the net Basin-wide flux observed and, \r\n\r\n- to allow improved assessments of the likely role of the Amazon Basin in contributing and/or alleviating future planetary change.\r\n\r\nThe project lasted for 5 years and was based on the following five pillars: \r\n1. To obtain large-scale budgets of greenhouse gases top-down, based on atmospheric concentration data and inverse atmospheric transport modelling. \r\n2. To estimate fluxes associated with individual processes bottom-up, based on existing and new remote sensing information (deforestation and fires), tree-by-tree censuses in undisturbed forests, and river carbon measurements. \r\n3. To use existing, and, where missing, targeted new, on-ground measurements of ecosystem functioning and climate response, in order to constrain land ecosystem and river carbon model representation, which will then be combined in an integrated land carbon cycle model. \r\n4. To couple a fully integrated land carbon cycle model (from 3) into a regional climate model and use it (i) to predict current concentrations, and (ii) to calculate the systems response to a changing climate and human population, given a representative range of scenarios.\r\n5. In the final synthesis step the analyse and combine top-down (1) and bottom-up estimates (2&3) to develop multiple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. \r\n\r\nAmazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area globally, constitute the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. They are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources. They face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. These factors have the potential to affect significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden (CO2, CH4), chemistry and climate. A central diagnostic of the state and changes of the land surface is its net carbon balance but currently we do not even know the sign of this balance. Although estimates of fluxes associated with known contributing processes such as deforestation exist, along with evidence for responses of undisturbed rainforests to a changing environment and substantial inter-annual fluctuations, different estimates vary widely. Thus it is very difficult to determine the overall significance of these independent estimates.\r\n\r\nThe uncertainty of the greenhouse gas balances have also made it difficult to assess the realism of future model simulation predictions of the Amazon, some of them predicting alarming fates for the rainforests. Ultimately, the most stringent constraint on surface fluxes of a compound is its accumulation / depletion in overlying air. A major large-scale constraint on the net balance of the Amazon that would resolve the discrepancy in the various carbon flux estimates is therefore an accurate characterization of the 3D carbon cycle related tropospheric greenhouse gas concentration fields above the entire basin. Spatio-temporal concentration patterns can further be translated into surface flux fields using inverse modelling of atmospheric transport. By incorporating the large amount of existing on-ground data on ecosystem functioning from LBA, the RAINFOR network, and the ongoing TROBIT NERC project / and targeted measurements where knowledge gaps remain - into a coupled land-surface land-ecosystem model, we will develop a properly data-grounded model representation of the system. Further, the model will be tested by comparing its predictions with observed atmospheric concentration patterns. In turn this has permitted defensible projections of the future of Amazonian vegetation. Human activity climate interactions and the land river link has also for the first time be included in these simulations.", "keywords": "AMAZONICA, Amazon, Carbon", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101852/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101853/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101854/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101855/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101851/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24894, "uuid": "337bddba15414848b87ebb90a6c3359b", "title": "Saharan - West African Monsoon Multi-scale Analysis (SWAMMA)", "abstract": "SWAMMA brought together a recently-developed model that can for the first time capture these couplings with recently-acquired data from this highly data-sparse region (collected during the NERC-funded AMMA and Fennec projects). SWAMMA therefore combined for the first time a model that should be able to represent the key features of the summertime energy budget of the monsoon system with the first data sufficient to evaluate such a model. \r\n\r\nSWAMMA evaluated the new model, quantifying the winds that generate dust uplift in the Sahara and Sahel. The project used the new data to analyse the impacts of variations in the sizes of dust particles. SWAMMA also evaluated the energy budgets of the monsoon system using both models and observations from AMMA and Fennec. SWAMMA quantified how the coupled processes of the monsoon system respond to the seasonal evolution of the monsoon's boundary conditions to control the seasonal stability of the monsoon rainfall and its variability. By bringing together the recently-acquired data and the new model with existing weather and climate models the project evaluated how process errors in operational models lead to systematic errors in predictions, both over West Africa and globally. The project provided metrics for the processes that must be captured by operational models for them to capture the key processes and couplings in the West African monsoon system.\r\n\r\nObjectives: The overall objective of SWAMMA was to quantify the balances of West African Monsoon (WAM) processes (dynamic, convective and radiative) that determine the stable states of the monsoon system, their stabilities and transitions, and how the monsoon system responds to perturbations.\r\n\r\nSpecific objectives within this were to understand and quantify:\r\n(1) How moist convection affects dust and dust uplift\r\n(2) The balance of WAM processes (dynamic, convective and radiative) that determine the energy budget and state of the WAM system and its synoptic variability\r\n(3) The time-evolution in the balance that determines the state of the monsoon through its seasonal cycle.\r\n(4) The impact of an improved representation of the WAM on the state of the global atmosphere.\r\nIn each case we will assess how these processes are represented in models with a range of complexities and resolutions, and therefore we will assess the implications for weather and climate prediction. This will allow:\r\n(5) The determination of metrics of the key processes that models must capture to represent the processes controlling the variability in the WAM system.\r\nThese objectives required a preliminary objective:\r\n(0) to produce new convection-permitting simulations of the WAM system with a prognostic representation of dust, with the representation of dust informed by recent observations from field campaigns.", "keywords": "Monsoon, Saharan, Africa, SWAMMA, dust", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101871/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101872/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101875/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101874/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101873/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24896, "uuid": "fec7e998cc61407ab3daa13b75741ed9", "title": "Vegetation Effects on Rainfall in West Africa (VERA)", "abstract": "This project used data from satellites and the latest weather and climate models to get to the heart of how vegetation affects rainfall. Focusing on West Africa, one of the most climatically sensitive regions of the world, the project examined cloud and vegetation observations from the last 30 years to detect where deforestation has changed rainfall, and how the rapid greening of the Savannah each year affects the monsoon rains. The project performed new computer simulations, incorporating the detailed development of thousands of individual storms, and examine what happens when we artificially deforest a region in the model. These results allowed the assessment of the performance of the somewhat cruder models used to forecast climate change globally. By focusing on specific processes in the climate system, the results helped to improve these models, and at the same time provide robust conclusions on deforestation to guide land\r\n\r\nObjectives: The over-arching aim of the project was to quantify the impact of vegetation on rainfall in West Africa via energy and water cycle feedbacks. \r\n\r\nSpecific objectives:\r\n\r\n1. To determine the net local and regional effects of deforestation on rainfall \r\n2. To identify circumstances where vegetation provides intraseasonal predictability (e.g. dry spells).\r\n3. To assess the credibility of different models' depiction of rainfall responses to vegetation.\r\n\r\nRainfall is the climatic parameter of greatest importance to the populations of the tropical continents. The arrival of monsoon rains drives a rapid transformation of the landscape, allowing crops to grow and river networks to refill. Yet predicting where and when rain will fall in the tropics is a notoriously difficult problem. Progress has been made in predicting how remote ocean conditions, such as El Nino, can affect rainfall in different parts of the tropics. However local factors such as vegetation also play a role. For example, when tropical forests are cut down for agriculture, we have evidence that this affects rainfall both locally, and across neighbouring countries. Indeed, climate scientists have to take into account future deforestation rates as well as greenhouse gas emissions when they assess how tropical climate will change in the 21st century.\r\n\r\nVegetation affects rainfall through the process of transpiration. When plants absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, they lose water from their leaves. Trees are able to extract this water from several metres below the surface using their deep roots, allowing them to continue photosynthesising for months without rainfall. Crops and grasses on the other hand start to run out of soil water during dry spells, which reduces transpiration. Instead the solar radiation absorbed by the plant canopy raises the air temperature. Replacing forests with crops and grasslands changes the rates of moistening and heating of the atmosphere, particularly when the shallow-rooted species start to run out of soil water. These changes in turn affect the development of winds, cloud and rain.\r\n\r\nThe details of how the atmosphere responds to vegetation is an area of significant scientific debate. Firstly, there is evidence that clearing patches of forest may increase rainfall over the cleared area and reduce it over the remaining forest, depending on the particular weather patterns. On the other hand, new results have shown that as air masses cross the continent, they pick up additional moisture from forests, which then leads to more rain several hundred kilometres further downwind. Finally, by controlling the balance between heating and moistening of the atmosphere, the vegetation can affect the winds bringing moist air off the ocean, delaying or extending the rainy seasons which characterise tropical climate.\r\n\r\nAlthough these 3 vegetation effects are each known to affect rainfall, we rely on computer models of the vegetation and atmosphere to understand how they might work in combination. Capturing the essential physical processes within a model is very challenging. In particular, there are large and long-standing uncertainties in the description of cumulonimbus storms (thunderstorms, which dominate the rainfall of many tropical regions) within the models. However through recent advances in computing power, we are now able to run these models for entire seasons with sufficient spatial detail to properly capture storms.", "keywords": "VERA, rainfall, West Africa, deforestation, model, vegetation", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101881/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101882/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101883/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101884/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101885/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24897, "uuid": "f6f4ba58aad142809ca68bdba5ab7ec0", "title": "Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA)", "abstract": "The Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project was funded by the European Union 7th Framework Programme to investigate the influence of anthropogenic and natural emissions on the atmospheric composition over South West Africa and to assess their impact on human and ecosystem health and agricultural productivity.", "keywords": "DACCIWA, aerosol, cloud, chemistry", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101886/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101887/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101889/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101890/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101888/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101891/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24899, "uuid": "2780d047461c42f0a12534ccf42f487a", "title": "Iceland Greenland seas Project (IGP) including the Atmospheric Forcing of the Iceland Sea (AFIS)", "abstract": "The Iceland Greenland seas Project (IGP) is an international project involving the UK, US a Norwegian research communities. The UK component was funded by NERC, under the Atmospheric Forcing of the Iceland Sea (AFIS) project (NE/N009754/1)\r\n\r\nThe Iceland Sea - to the north and east of Iceland - is arguably the least studied of the North Atlantic's subpolar seas. However new discoveries are forcing a redesign of our conceptual model of the North Atlantic's ocean circulation which places the Iceland Sea at the heart of this system and suggests that it requires urgent scientific focus. The recently discovered North Icelandic Jet is thought to be one of two pathways for dense water to pass through the Denmark Strait - the stretch of ocean between Iceland and Greenland - which is the main route for dense waters from the north to enter the Atlantic. Its discovery suggests a new paradigm for where dense water entering the North Atlantic originates. However at present the source of the North Icelandic Jet remains unknown. It is hypothesized that relatively warm Atlantic-origin water is modified into denser water in the Iceland Sea, although it is unclear precisely where, when or how this happens. \r\n\r\nThis project examined the wintertime atmosphere-ocean processes in the Iceland Sea by characterising its atmospheric forcing, i.e. observing the spatial structure and variability of surface heat, moisture and momentum fluxes in the region and the weather systems that dictate these fluxes. In situ observations of air-sea interaction processes from several platforms (an aircraft; and via project partners an unmanned airborne vehicle, a meteorological buoy and a research vessel) were made and used to evaluate meteorological analyses and reanalyses from operational weather forecasting centres. \r\n\r\nNumerical modelling experiments investigated the dynamics of selected weather systems which strongly influenced the region, but appear not to be well represented; for example, the boundary layers that develop over transitions between sea ice and the open ocean during cold-air outbreaks; or the jets and wakes that occur downstream of Iceland. The unique observations were used to improve model representation of these systems.\r\n\r\nThe project also carried out new high-resolution climate simulations. A series of experiments covered recent past and likely future situations; as well as some idealised situations such as no wintertime sea ice in the Iceland Sea region. This was done using a state-of-the-art atmospheric model with high resolution over the Iceland Sea to investigate changes in the atmospheric circulation and surface fluxes. \r\n\r\nFinally, in collaboration with the international partners, the project analysed new ocean observations and establish which weather systems are important for changing ocean properties in this region. The project used a range of ocean and atmospheric models to establish how current and future ocean circulation pathways function. In short, the project determined the role that atmosphere-ocean processes in the Iceland Sea play in creating the dense waters that flow through Denmark Strait and feed into the lower limb of the AMOC.\r\n\r\nThe subpolar region of the North Atlantic is crucial for the global climate system. It is where coupled atmosphere-ocean processes, on a variety of spatial scales, require an integrated approach for their improved understanding and prediction. This region has enhanced 'communication' between the atmosphere and ocean. Here large surface fluxes of heat and moisture make the surface waters colder, saltier and denser resulting in a convective overturning that contributes to the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The AMOC is an ocean circulation that carries warm water from the tropics northward with a return flow of cold water southwards at depth; it is instrumental in keeping Europe's climate relatively mild.", "keywords": "IGP, AFIS, Iceland, AMOS", "status": "completed", "publicationState": "published", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27445/?format=api" ], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101902/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101903/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101904/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101901/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101900/?format=api" ] }, { "ob_id": 24900, "uuid": "dcd02bcb69fc45658102ecc858346248", "title": "Climate and air quality impact of airborne halogens", "abstract": "The project developed the first fully integrated computer model of the biosphere-halogen-climate system which can (i) characterise and quantify tropospheric halogen sources, (ii) determine the atmospheric fate of these gases and (iii) quantify their impacts, on regional to global scales. A key question to tackle is; in the troposphere, how have halogen levels, processes and impacts changed over time? This holistic modelling approach, which accounts for changes to halogen emissions from the biosphere due to evolving environmental factors (e.g. sea surface temperature & sea-ice cover), provided the answer. Critically, this enabled climate-induced feedbacks on halogen emissions, which could diminish or amplify future climate change, to be assessed for the first time, leading to climate simulations of greater fidelity. This research provided powerful new insight into poorly understood, yet fundamental processes important for both climate change and air quality - pressing environmental concerns of today.\r\n\r\nBromine, chlorine & iodine (halogens) are chemical elements which play a fundamental role in Earth's atmosphere and are implicated in a range of environmental issues. Since the 1970s, scientists have known that halogens (mostly chlorine) damage the ozone layer in Earth's stratosphere (located between 11 & 50 km above the surface) and are responsible for the infamous Antarctic 'Ozone Hole', first observed in the 1980s. As ozone shields Earth's surface from harmful solar radiation, production of many halogen compounds is prohibited under international law. However, it is now increasingly recognised that halogens also exert a large influence on the lowest region of Earth's atmosphere (the troposphere) in ways important for both climate and air quality. Only recently have field measurements revealed that halogens are virtually ubiquitous throughout the troposphere, though there is much debate as to their source. Unlike the stratosphere, we think most tropospheric halogens come from the biosphere (e.g. the ocean) and other natural sources (e.g. sea-ice, volcanoes), though these sources are poorly characterised. In addition, human activities related to the rapidly growing aquaculture sector (e.g. commercial seaweed farms) and other industries are increasing the amount of halogens entering the troposphere.\r\n\r\nWhy is this important? Halogens do a number of things, but fundamentally they alter the troposphere's \"oxidising power\"; that is, its ability to \"self-cleanse\" and rid itself of various chemical compounds. From a climate perspective, this has important implications; it means halogens may (i) alter the length of time greenhouse gases, such as methane, remain in the atmosphere and thus influence their global warming potential and (ii) alter the production rate of aerosol (microscopic particles suspended in the atmosphere) which alter cloud properties and cool Earth's climate. What's more, halogens degrade air quality by promoting surface ozone formation. At ground-level, ozone is a pollutant (& greenhouse gas) and prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory ailments, including asthma, and is damaging to crops. Nitryl chloride, a halogen-containing precursor to adverse air quality events, has been detected in large quantities in coastal and inland regions of the USA. Elevated levels of this compound have also recently been detected in Germany, though no study has comprehensively examined the role of halogens in air pollution over Europe. As an island nation in the vicinity to significant quantities of sea salt (a major halogen source), UK air quality could be particularly susceptible to being compromised by halogens. Ultimately, despite the leverage halogens possess to impact both climate & air quality, they have yet to be considered in most computer model simulations used to study and forecast these phenomena.", "keywords": "Climate, airborne, halogens, ozone", "status": "ongoing", "publicationState": "working", "identifier_set": [], "observationCollection": [], "parentProject": null, "subProject": [], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101908/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101909/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101906/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101905/?format=api", "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101907/?format=api" ] } ] }