Project List

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        {
            "ob_id": 24901,
            "uuid": "7ee833f1bbfd4577b91f0ee5c90eac96",
            "title": "Sources and Emissions of Air Pollutants in Beijing (AIRPOLL-Beijing)",
            "abstract": "AIRPOLL-Beijing was a collaborative proposal prepared by leading UK and Chinese research groups for a detailed, integrated and wide-ranging study of air pollution sources and related phenomena in Beijing. The overarching aim was to systematically quantity the emission flux of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide as well as their precursors (e.g. VOCs, NO, SO2 and NH3) from major sources and to authoritatively assess their contribution to ambient air pollutant concentrations in Beijing. This resulted in a major enhancement to knowledge of the sources of primary and secondary air pollutants in Beijing, and in the capability of models to predict air quality and to develop mitigation measures. \r\n\r\nThe specific objectives were: \r\n(a)\tDelivery of comprehensive datasets on air quality and pollutant fluxes from two intensive urban atmospheric pollution measurement campaigns using ground-level and elevated sampling platforms within and close to Beijing. \r\n(b)\tProvision of in situ characterisation in three spatial dimensions of the chemical and physical properties of urban atmospheric pollutants with a particular focus upon particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, taking account of factors influencing population exposure. \r\n(c) Comprehensive source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants at sites within and close to Beijing, using a variety of complementary receptor modelling methods with a thorough estimation of uncertainties. \r\n(d)\tMaking the first direct measurements of fluxes of a comprehensive range of pollutants using the unique 325m IAP meteorological tower in central Beijing, for comparison with existing and refined source emissions inventories.\r\n(e)\tEstimation of the fluxes of nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and formaldehyde to the atmosphere from Beijing and the surrounding area, using earth observation data at an enhanced spatial resolution. \r\n(f)\tDevelopment of enhanced chemistry-transport models with online air pollutant source apportionment capability and a hybrid receptor and chemistry-transport pollutant source apportionment model for the greater Beijing urban area. \r\n(g) Provision of a three dimensional source, sector and region-oriented source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants, including primary particles and their chemical constituents, secondary particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in Beijing and the North China Plain through CTM. \r\n(h) Assessment of the performance of receptor models and chemical transport models in source apportionment of pollutants in Beijing and to harmonise the two independent approaches. \r\n(i)\tIntegration of results from the flux measurements, satellite retrievals, receptor models and chemistry-transport models to iteratively enhance the emissions inventory for Beijing and its surroundings, and hence optimise the performance of predictive models. \r\n(j)\tIntegration of these activities with other themes in the research programme concerned with atmospheric processes affecting air pollution, exposure science and impacts upon health, and interventions and solutions. \r\n\r\nBeijing suffers from very high concentrations of airborne pollutants, leading to adverse health and wellbeing for over twenty million people. The pollutants likely to have the greatest effects upon human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. Both particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide are emitted directly from individual sources (primary contributions, many of which are not well quantified); and are formed in the atmosphere (secondary contributions, which are highly complex). Ozone is entirely secondary in nature, formed from reactions of precursor gases, whose sources and abundance are also challenging to constrain. These uncertainties hinder understanding of the causes of air pollution in Beijing, which is needed to deliver effective and efficient strategies for pollution reduction and health improvement. \r\n\r\nAIRPOLL-Beijing project addressed this challenge, through identification and quantification of the sources and emissions of air pollutants in Beijing. The project sat within the NERC/MRC-NSFC China megacity programme, which includes projects addressing the atmospheric processes affecting air pollutants, human exposure and health effects, and solutions / mitigation strategies to reduce air pollution and health impacts. The project exploited the combined experience and expertise of leading UK and Chinese scientists, applying multiple complementary approaches. The project deployed multiple atmospheric measurement and analysis strategies to characterise pollutant abundance and sources, develop novel emissions inventories, and integrate these to produce new modelling tools for use in policy development. The project adopted a range of state-of-the-science approaches: -Receptor Modelling, where detailed composition measurements are used to infer pollutant sources from their chemical signatures, combining world-leading UK and Chinese capability. -Flux Measurements, where the total release of pollutants from all sources is measured, providing a key metric to refine emission inventories. The project combined near-ground measurements (using the unique Institute of Atmospheric Physics 325m tower in central Beijing), ground-based observations and fluxes derived from satellite observations. -3D spatial analysis, in which a novel sensor network will be deployed around central Beijing to measure pollutant fields. -Development of novel emissions inventories, which predicted the temporally- and spatially- resolved emissions of air pollutants from all sources, enhancing existing capability. -Development of new online modelling tools, within which to integrate emissions, atmospheric processing and meteorology to predict primary and secondary pollutant concentration fields. \r\n\r\nAIRPOLL-Beijing integrated these approaches to provide thorough understanding of the sources and emissions of air pollutants in Beijing, at unprecedented detail and accuracy. While the project was a self-contained activity, key deliverables feed into Processes, Health and Solutions themes of the programme. This proposal seeks Newton fund support, part of the UK's Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitment. The project directly addressed ODA objectives, in the categories of (i) people (through the joint development of novel scientific approaches to the understanding of megacity air pollution), (ii) programmes (as all aspects of the project are joint UK-Chinese research endeavours) and (iii) translation (through provision of detailed air pollution source assessments, in support of assessment of health impacts and development of mitigation strategies). More generally, the project left a legacy of improved air pollution understanding and research capacity of the Chinese teams, and, through integration with other themes of the Megacities programme, underpin improvements in the health and welfare of the population of Beijing, and across China more widely - ultimately benefitting more th",
            "keywords": "AIRPOLL, Beijing, pollutant,APHH",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/24808/?format=api",
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                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101913/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101914/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101911/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101910/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101912/?format=api"
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24902,
            "uuid": "17d6d7f90a0242fdab20d4302e9d7f4d",
            "title": "New international collaborations for atmospheric ozone research",
            "abstract": "The overall aim of the IOF Pump-Priming project was to develop new international collaborations to demonstrate the potential of a novel approach to understanding atmospheric ozone behaviour, through co-ordinated, parallel measurements.  \r\n\r\nThe objectives were:\r\n\r\n1. To develop a new partnership with Mines Douai / Lille, through research staff exchanges and a formal ozone production rate instrument intercomparison exercise.\r\n\r\n2. To demonstrate a new concept: simultaneous parallel ozone production measurements, in this case to provide insight into changes in ozone chemistry anticipated from future evolution of forest composition\r\n\r\n3. To facilitate future parallel ozone production rate instrument deployments to enable new understanding of atmospheric behaviour, and hence improved air quality policy.\r\n\r\nTropospheric ozone is an important air pollutant, harmful to human health, agricultural crops and vegetation.  It is the main precursor to the atmospheric oxidants which initiate the degradation of most reactive gases emitted to the atmosphere, and is an important greenhouse gas in its own right.  As a consequence of this central role in atmospheric chemistry and air pollution, the capacity to understand, predict and manage tropospheric ozone levels is a key goal for atmospheric science research.  This goal is hard to achieve, as ozone is a secondary pollutant, formed in the atmosphere from the complex oxidation of VOCs in the presence of NOx and sunlight, and a combination of in situ chemical processes, deposition and transport govern ozone levels.  Uncertainties in all of these factors affect the accuracy of numerical models used to predict current and future ozone levels, and so hinder development of optimal air quality policies to mitigate ozone exposure.  The timescale of ozone chemistry leads to it being a transboundary pollutant, requiring international collaboration for both scientific understanding and the development of effective ozone pollution mitigation policies.\r\n",
            "keywords": "IOF Pump-Priming, VOC, NOX, OZONE",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101916/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101917/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101915/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101918/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101919/?format=api"
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24903,
            "uuid": "9e361767576448bf97fa206ee2250ef4",
            "title": "International collaboration on measurement of globally-important gases in the atmosphere of the tropical maritime continent",
            "abstract": "Long-term measurements of the atmospheric composition are required for a full understanding of the effects of human emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. For historic reasons, the network of observing stations run under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmospheric Watch program has some regions which are well studied (e.g. Europe and North America) and some which are not. One region where the observing capability is limited is that part of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific known as the 'Maritime Continent'. This project worked with the University of Malaya and the Malaysian Meteorological Department to develop a high-quality, long-term atmospheric monitoring program at the new field station at Bachok on the Malaysian peninsula. This site was extremely well located for studies of the outflow of the rapidly developing Southeast Asian countries, as well as for the interaction of that air with the much cleaner atmosphere in the southern hemisphere. The Universities of Cambridge and East Anglia both had experience in making long-term measurements. In particular UEA have operated a well-instrumented observing site at Weybourne on the north Norfolk coast for well over a decade. This expertise was used to develop the existing capability in Malaysia and to design and implement a programme of long-term measurements at Bachok. The focus of the measurements in the first instance was on greenhouse gases, ozone depleting substances, and chemical pollutants. In addition we will be encouraging the involvement of other interested scientists in NCAS Composition, the UK more generally and beyond to strengthen the planned measurement program. A demonstration activity will be arranged in the winter monsoon season when the flow is strongly from Southeast Asia. T\r\n\r\nhis activity had two aims: (i) ensuring high quality measurements are made at the site; and (ii) determine the characteristics of the site and its suitability for the assessment of both global and regional atmospheric composition. Many of the measurements made in this activity will then be continued in to the monitoring programme. It is important to ensure that such measurements are fully exploited, and to this end the project collaborated with partners in Taiwan and Australia and developed a modelling strategy for the interpretation of the data in conjunction with UK modelling groups including those at Cambridge, UEA and within NCAS. Exchange visits were used for training purposes and for the development of collaborative interpretive studies (and peer-reviewed publications).\r\n\r\nObjectives: The overall objective of this proposal was to work with NCAS Composition to improve the UK capability to monitor and understand the atmospheric changes in the Southeast Asian and West Pacific region by developing scientific collaborations with scientists in Malaysia, Taiwan, and Australia. \r\n\r\nSpecific objectives are:\r\n1.  Working with the University of Malaya and the Malaysian Meteorological Department to install instruments and observational programmes capable of joining the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmospheric Watch Programme;\r\n2.  Demonstrate the capability and potential of the new Bachok research station in an intensive one month's demonstration activity;\r\n3.  Maintain an ongoing observational programme including rigorous QA/QC procedures;\r\n4.  Develop links with the UK atmospheric modelling community as well scientists in the partner countries, to ensure that the measurements made are fully exploited;\r\n5.  Create a network of interested scientists to provide joint interpretations of measurements from stations in the region, in particular to exploit Bachok's location downwind of Southeast Asia in winter and North Australia in the summer;\r\n6.  Organise an international conference to promote the capabilities of the Bachok site and the science produced.",
            "keywords": "tropical, maritime, ozone, greenhouse gases, atmospheric composition",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101921/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101920/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101922/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101923/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101924/?format=api"
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24904,
            "uuid": "7b084d101b714ed88aa5341bd2cf6e01",
            "title": "Understanding energetic particle effects on atmospheric processes",
            "abstract": "The project investigated one of the potential indirect effects of solar variability on atmospheric processes, which is the effect of electrical charge on clouds.  Charge is created in the atmosphere by ionisation from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) (highly energetic particles from outside our solar system).  When GCRs approach Earth, they are deflected by both the Solar and Earth's magnetic field, which act as a selective energy barrier to GCRs.  The sun's magnetic field varies mainly on an 11 year timescale, therefore GCR fluxes, and thus charge in the atmosphere is controlled by solar activity.  Due to constant vertical flow of charge in the atmosphere, charge accumulates at the upper and lower boundaries of layer clouds (the very common sort of clouds that you see on an overcast day).  The charge sticks to the cloud droplets,  which is thought to influence the behaviour of the droplets, such as how they grow and stick together, which can be seen in large scale  cloud properties like cloud height.  Since such clouds control heating and cooling in the atmosphere, and cover around 40% of the Earth's surface at one time, charge effects on clouds may have implications for climate.  The project investigated the factors that control charge in the atmosphere, determine whether charge plays a role in cloud processes, and ultimately determine whether this is important for climate.\r\n\r\nIn order to characterise the factors controlling charge in the atmosphere, and the typical charge present inside layer clouds, measurements were made using a suite of newly developed sensors which have been designed to fly alongside conventional weather balloons.  These lightweight, disposable sensors provide a cost effective method of obtaining extra science data above the surface, from weather balloons which are already being launched around the world by global meteorological services.  These airborne measurements were combined with surface measurements of charge and atmospheric electricity at various sites around the world to understand the global response of charge to changes in solar variability.  Such measurements are rare and are vital to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for modulating vertical charge flow and therefore coupling between Space Weather and the lower atmosphere.  \r\n\r\nObjectives: This project aims to investigate one of the proposed mechanisms by which natural solar variability may influence climate, through the effect of energetic particles on clouds.  A combination of new measurements, both at the surface and in the free atmosphere, was used to better characterise the flux of energetic particles entering Earth's lower atmosphere, and asses their influence on cloud properties.  Energetic particles create current flow in the atmosphere, which is responsible for generating charge at the edges of non thunderstorm clouds. The first set of objectives was therefore concerned with characterising vertical current flow in the atmosphere and how it varies with solar activity.  The second set of objectives deals with the charge response of clouds to such current flow.  ",
            "keywords": "Atmospheric processes, clouds, energetic, particle",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101926/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101927/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101928/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101929/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101925/?format=api"
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24905,
            "uuid": "08bf70c8200b42cfa501f130e24ee09b",
            "title": "Sources of Nitrous Acid in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (SNAABL)",
            "abstract": "SNAABL (Sources of Nitrous Acid in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer) directly measured HONO production from (1) natural ground surfaces (including soil production), and (2) road traffic emissions.  The approach focused upon real-world environmental behaviour, and avoided the uncertainties associated with analyses of ambient HONO concentrations.  \r\n\r\n(1) Natural Ground Surfaces.  The project measured surface HONO fluxes from contrasting agricultural and unmanaged environments, and relate these to NOx and N2O fluxes and physical, chemical atmospheric and soil parameters.  Fertiliser manipulation experiments will assess the impact of nutrient addition at a unique field location permitting simultaneous measurement of perturbed- and control systems.  The project also performed laboratory studies of natural surface HONO production, using soil cores from our field sites and other UK locations.  Through manipulation and selective sterilisation, we will isolate and characterise the potential abiotic and microbial HONO production mechanism(s), including surface processes.  \r\n\r\n(2) Traffic Emissions.  The project directly determined HONO production from traffic, through measurement of HONO, NOx and CO2 in a road tunnel, an approach which provides a single, well characterised (video monitoring) source term, and removes the confounding factors of multiple sources, dispersion and photochemistry found in the ambient atmosphere.  This approach reflected the real-world fleet emissions, rather than potentially artificial results from dynamometer driving cycles.  \r\n\r\nThe project used data to parameterise the resulting HONO source terms, and assess their accuracy, and implications for boundary layer air quality, using photochemical box and regional chemistry-transport modelling.  SNAABL delivered quantitative understanding of HONO production from natural surfaces and vehicle traffic, and so substantially improve the accuracy of predictions of boundary layer atmospheric chemical process\r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\nThe overall aim of this project was to quantify natural ground surface and road traffic exhaust emissions of nitrous acid (HONO), in order to improve our understanding of boundary layer chemical processing, air pollution and reactive nitrogen cycling.\r\n\r\nThe specific objectives were:\r\n\r\n1.\tTo measure natural ground surface fluxes of HONO and related species (NO, N2O) in situ at well-characterised field sites with contrasting soil type, land use, fertiliser regimes and climates\r\n\r\n2.\tTo combine the ambient flux data with laboratory measurements under controlled conditions to identify the mechanism(s) and factors controlling HONO production from soils, and to extrapolate the field flux results to a larger range of environmental conditions.\r\n\r\n3.\tTo directly determine HONO emissions from road traffic, through field measurements within a controlled environment, and link these to well-understood emission indices (NOx, CO2).\r\n\r\n4.\tTo develop parameterisations for natural surface and traffic HONO sources, and assess their impact upon atmospheric composition through complementary modelling approaches.\r\n\r\n",
            "keywords": " Nitrous, SNAABL, HONO, HOX, NO",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101931/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101930/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101932/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101933/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101934/?format=api"
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24917,
            "uuid": "b2e02ed44e184e7e8f6e6be977592f23",
            "title": "Poles Apart: Why has Antarctic sea ice increased and why don't coupled climate models reproduce observations.",
            "abstract": "Poles Apart (Why has Antarctic sea ice increased and why don't coupled climate models reproduce observations? NE/K012150/1, NE/K011561/1) was a NERC project led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and supported by the National Oceanography Centre (NOC). \r\n\r\nThe aim of this project was to model atmospheric drivers of changes in surface wind forcing. The project began in June 2014 and completed at the end of June 2017.",
            "keywords": "Climate, Ozone, GHG, Aerosol, HadGEM3, UKCA",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
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                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24918/?format=api"
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            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101966/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101964/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101970/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101969/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101968/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101967/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/169544/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101965/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101980/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101981/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101997/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101998/?format=api"
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24923,
            "uuid": "438cf1368e274bb39a8053a2fb34f044",
            "title": "The Environments of Convective Storms: Challenging Conventional Wisdom (NE/N003918/1)",
            "abstract": "Large thunderstorms are one of the most damaging of weather phenomena. Hail can devastate crops, flash flooding can inundate towns and homes, lightning can threaten people and ignite fires, and strong gusts can damage transport and infrastructure. Convective storms and associated phenomena cause 5-8 billion euro per year in damage across Europe. Such storms have the potential to be forecast and the public warned beforehand, but forecasting becomes increasingly difficult as the length of a forecast increases. In the near-term, observations and high-resolution computer modelling can provide adequate warning of impending storms, but for periods longer than three days ahead the outbreak of thunderstorms has to be deduced indirectly from the computer forecast even if the large-scale flow is well forecasted. \r\n\r\nThe aim of this project was to improve our understanding of the relationship between thunderstorms (also called convective storms) and the larger-scale environment in the atmosphere, to provide better understanding of the physical processes responsible to aid forecasters in interpreting the model predictions. Convective storms require three ingredients: sufficient moisture to condense and fuel the storm, instability or the rate at which temperature decreases with height (temperature dropping quickly with height is better), and something to lift air to release the instability. \r\n\r\nThis project focused on the instability ingredient. In the United States, environments with large instability are believed to occur because of heating over the elevated terrain of the western United States, resulting in the elevated mixed-layer (EML). In Europe, EMLs are attributed to passage over the elevated terrain of central Spain, resulting in the Spanish plume. Such sensible heating of lower-tropospheric air (3-5 km above sea level) by an elevated heat source such as the Rockies or Spanish plateau is a natural explanation for the steep lapse rates in the EML. How much of a contribution is the elevated heating to the formation of instability? The smaller scale of the Spanish high terrain compared to the Rocky Mountains makes it difficult to imagine that the Spanish high terrain creates such large instability. \r\n\r\nOne hypothesis for the origin of the steep lapse rates is the Sahara Desert, where a well-mixed boundary layer forms steep lapse rates that can be advected away from northern Africa (known as the Saharan Air Layer). Yet, this hypothesis has not been tested, either for the Spanish plume or other regions downstream of high heated terrain. A different factor said to explain the occurrence of instability is the differential transport of air with low temperature or low moisture aloft. Although such explanations have been used in the literature, other studies have questioned the applicability of this factor. The project research asked what processes produce the environment for midlatitude convective storms around the globe. What environments are favourable for instability, and how does this differ around the globe? What are the physical processes that create instability? Is instability - in Europe generally and the UK specifically - attributed to elevated heating, as in the EML of the central United States or by long-range transport? Despite conventional wisdom stating that the elevated mixed layer is responsible for creating the instability downstream of high terrain, it remains untested. \r\n\r\nThe project aim was to develop a better understanding of the relationship between high terrain, large-scale processes, and instability for midlatitude convective storms. These concerns motivate a multifaceted research project to answer these questions. Q1: What are the physical processes responsible for creating instability? Q2: How does topography create a favourable environment for deep moist convection? Q3: How important is differential temperature and moisture advection to creating insta\r\n \r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nQuestions about instability and the synoptic-scale environment of midlatitude convective storms motivated the project, the purpose of which was to challenge conventional wisdom about the origin of the environments favourable for convective storms. \r\nSpecifically, its objectives were to test three hypotheses that challenge conventional wisdom. \r\n\r\nH1: Layers with high lapse rates primarily originate from synoptic-scale processes remote from heated terrain that destabilise the layer, thus questioning the validity of the elevated mixed layer concept for producing steep lapse rates in all episodes of high lapse rates. \r\n\r\nH2: Specifically, the origin of the high lapse rates in the Spanish plume is not an elevated mixed layer over the Spanish plateau, but a result of long-distance advection from the Sahara Desert, synoptic-scale processes destabilising the layer, or both. \r\n\r\nH3: Rapid local destabilisation is not a result of differential advection of temperature or moisture with height. \r\n\r\nOther processes in association with short-wave troughs create a favourable environment for convective storms. By challenging conventional wisdom through these three testable hypotheses, the project participants aimed to transform our understanding of convection. Quantitative evaluation of these hypotheses has not occurred largely because of the lack of the tools or the insight to test them before the project. With reanalysis and mesoscale modelling commonplace at the time of the project's inception, its research to test these three hypotheses became timely. In addition, the project participants believed that the conventional wisdom the sought to address would be sufficiently novel as to necessitate rewriting textbooks on convective storm environments. The project participants aimed to test these three hypotheses by understanding the spatial and temporal variability of high lapse rate environments and how different physical processes control this variability. \r\n\r\nThe research consisted of four work packages (WPs) that explore these environments ranging from the midlatitudes across the globe to local environments within Europe, including the UK. In WP1, a climatology was constructed of convective parameters such as CAPE and lapse rate using observed soundings and reanalysis. In WP2, the regional variability of unstable episodes was explored through clustering and synoptic compositing. WP3 explored the importance of elevated heating in producing high lapse rates through real-data, quasi-idealised and idealised simulations from a cloud-resolving model, coupled with diagnostics such as trajectories and static stability tendency equations. WP4 focused on synthesis and outreach, producing a synthesis article and a national meeting on convective storms for the general meteorological community. Forecaster interaction and public engagement occurred throughout the project.",
            "keywords": "convection",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101982/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101984/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101985/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101986/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101987/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/101983/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24926,
            "uuid": "e09fed7836e940a080ef210e0b487e57",
            "title": "ESA MIPclouds",
            "abstract": "The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on the ENVISAT satellite measures limb IR spectra in the 4 to 15 micron range. The instrument has measured nearly continuously from September 2002 to March 2004. The ESA operational level 1 and 2 products for this period include so far no direct information on clouds and aerosols. This is not a surprising fact, because the analysis and retrieval of cloud parameter from limb IR spectra are still challenging tasks for radiative transport applications. As part of an ESA funded study the MIPclouds consortium has investigated improvements and new developments in the detection and type classification of cloudy spectra (PSC types, liquid/ice), the retrieval of micro-physical and macro-physical parameters from the spectra, such as cloud top heights, extinction and temperature, and estimates of particle sizes and ice water content of the cloud. Results of a corresponding feasibility study will be presented. Final goal of the project is to develop a fast (near-real-time) and validated prototype processor for the analysis of the first MIPAS measurement period.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9319/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": []
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24932,
            "uuid": "f4d0cf8f90d240c8bc9556ca4ee075d2",
            "title": "Arctic Cloud Summer Expedition (ACSE)",
            "abstract": "The Arctic Cloud Summer Expedition (ACSE) was a collaboration between the University of Leeds, the University of Stockholm, and NOAA-CIRES (the Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences). ACSE aimed to study the response of Arctic boundary layer cloud to changes in surface conditions in the Arctic Ocean as a working package of the larger Swedish-Russian-US Investigation of Climate, Cryosphere and Carbon interaction (SWERUS-C3) Expedition in Summer 2014. This expedition was a core component to the overall SWERUS-C3 programme and was supported by the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat.\r\n\r\nACSE took place during a 3-month cruise of the Swedish Icebreaker Oden from Tromso, Norway to Barrow, Alaska and back over the summer of 2014. During this cruise ACSE scientists measured surface turbulent exchange, boundary layer structure, and cloud properties. Many of the measurements used remote sensing approaches - radar, lidar, and microwave radiometers - to retrieve vertical profiles of the dynamic and microphysical properties of the lower atmosphere and cloud.\r\n\r\nThe UK participation of ACSE was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, grant: NE/K011820/1) and involved instrumentation from the Atmospheric Measurement Facility of the UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS AMF).\r\n\r\nSWERUS-C3 was initiated as a Knut and Alice Wallenberg funded research project. The project was developed into a multi-disciplinary international research program focused on investigating the historical functioning of the Climate-Cryosphere-Carbon (C3) system of the East Siberian Arctic Ocean.",
            "keywords": "Arctic, cloud, cruise",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25948/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102029/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102031/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102027/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102028/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112668/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102026/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102032/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102033/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102034/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24949,
            "uuid": "dce33f29607b47a8ac7803680f28112c",
            "title": "CIMS and BBCEAS at Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory",
            "abstract": "Chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (CIMS) measurements of N2O5, ClNO2 and other halogenated species to understand the overall oxidation budget at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory rural marine site.\r\n",
            "keywords": "CIMS, BBCEAS, Weybourne, N2O5, ClNO2, HCOOH, HNO3, HCN",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24950/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102119/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102120/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102121/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102122/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24956,
            "uuid": "6375bfb8435d42a087c9d3fc76b3603d",
            "title": "BITMAP: Better understanding of Interregional Teleconnections for prediction in the Monsoon and Poles (NE/P006795/1)",
            "abstract": "BITMAP was an Indo-UK-German project (NERC Grant award: NE/P006795/1) to develop better understanding of processes linking the Arctic and Asian monsoon, leading to better prospects for prediction on short, seasonal and decadal scales in both regions.  Recent work had suggested that the pole-to-equator temperature difference is an essential ingredient driving variations in the monsoon.  \r\n\r\nBITMAP's initial focus was on the impact of the temperature difference between pole and equator on the establishment and variation of regional circulations. The project used existing databases of multiple climate models to unpack the impact of different forcing agents (e.g. greenhouse gases and polluting aerosols) on the relative warming of the northern and southern hemispheres and pole-to-equator temperature gradients.  \r\n\r\nThe project then related the gradient to position of the strongest rainfall and strength and position of monsoon circulation.  The project also examined the impact of different pole-to-equator temperatures on hydroclimates of the vulnerable Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region in High Asia.  \r\n\r\nNext the project tested the impact on Arctic circulation patterns of \"diabatic\" heating arising from the monsoon rainfall (via waves in the atmosphere) by conducting novel experiments with climate models.  The project also helped evaluate and improve these models by determining the problems caused by typical monsoon errors (e.g. misplaced tropical rainfall) on simulation of polar climates; the project also explored how errors in model Arctic sea-ice distribution affect the monsoon.  Finally the project analyzed effects of variations in climate. \r\n\r\nThe project measured and modelled the impact of typical strong and weak Asian monsoon summers on atmospheric waves that travel to the poles and thereby develop a better understanding of the pathways to Arctic circulation, with implications for predicting sea-ice extent.  In the other direction, the project used observations and models to assess the role of the changing Arctic temperatures on the jet stream and on the regularity of heavy rainfall and flooding events that affect South Asia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the BITMAP project were as follows: \r\n(1) Better understand the impact of the South Asian monsoon on temperature and circulation structure in the Arctic, including the role of changes in monsoon diabatic heating; \r\n\r\n(2) Better understand the impact of the changing equator-to-pole temperature gradient on the establishment, maintenance and variation of regional circulations over the poles and monsoons; \r\n\r\n(3) Analyze the impacts of the changing equator-to-pole temperature gradient in a warming climate on subseasonal-to-seasonal monsoon variability, with the express impact of improved scientific underpinning of forecasting at NCMRWF; \r\n\r\n(4) Better understand how dynamical connections between high- and low-latitude regions influence moisture transports reaching high Asia from higher latitudes.",
            "keywords": "BITMAP, Monsoon, Poles, Teleconnections, tropical-extratropical interactions",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24959/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102177/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102178/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102179/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102180/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102181/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102534/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111519/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 24960,
            "uuid": "45cfa402911848f9a8f39962e4dc0cf1",
            "title": "ECEM: European Climate and Energy Mixes",
            "abstract": "This C3S project was one of their Sectoral Information Service flagship projects,  for the Energy Sector.\r\nOne of the aims of the project was to produce datasets for the Energy Sector. This included the developers of solar and wind energy farms, transmission companies and power companies. Making climate/weather data from ECMWF more available (easier format and bias adjusted) to this sector is important. \r\n\r\nCompanies in the sector (small and large) are not fully aware of what weather/climate data are available. Those that are often say that ERA-Interim doesn’t agree with the wind speed data they have from their wind farm. The fact that most don’t make their data available is an issue we’re also trying to address, partly by making ERA-Interim more user friendly and bias adjusted. \r\n\r\nThe trouble with what ECMWF provide is that it is hard for many to download, the reduced Gaussian grid was awkward for most and it’s hard to avoid the data volumes getting too large.\r\n\r\nOur bias-adjustment exercise was described in the paper. What most small scale users do is to compare their local measurements with ERA-Interim and then either point out it doesn’t agree or try a range of bias adjustment procedures. What we’ve done is to apply a consistent bias-adjustment scheme across our European domain, using different distributional adjustments depending on the variable.\r\n\r\nThe data are not just useful in the Energy Sector, but could also be used by the Water and Agriculture sectors, where the variables: air temperature, precipitation, solar irradiance, wind speed and relative humidity are the key variables.\r\n\r\nECMWF have archived ERA-Interim, but not the bias adjusted version, nor the raw data gridded on a latitude/longitude grid.",
            "keywords": "air temperature, precipitation, solar irradiance, wind speed and relative humidity",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102205/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102206/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102229/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102228/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25025,
            "uuid": "fc440f19a73e4246acba79daaaa8e380",
            "title": "Quantifying the efficiency with which biological particles nucleate ice when immersed in supercooled water droplets",
            "abstract": "Clouds composed of both ice particles and supercooled liquid droplets, known as mixed phase clouds, exist at temperatures above ~-35oC and cover a large portion of the planet. These clouds impact climate by both simultaneously warming the planet by trapping outgoing infrared radiation and cooling the planet by reflecting incoming visible light from the sun back to space. It is becoming increasingly apparent that mixed phase clouds are very sensitive to the number and type of particles, known as aerosols, present in the atmosphere. A lot of work has been done in the past to understand the role of aerosols on clouds that are entirely composed of liquid droplets and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attempted to quantify this impact, albeit with large uncertainties. However, the role that aerosols play in ice formation, which dramatically alters the properties of a cloud, remains very uncertain and the IPCC were not in a position to assess this forcing despite evidence that the impact is very large. Aerosols that can catalyse ice particle formation are known as ice nuclei; however their identity, concentration, global distribution and the efficiency with which they nucleate ice are all poorly quantified at present. There is mounting evidence from field studies that biogenic particles, such as bacteria, pollen or fungal spores, nucleate ice in clouds. It has been known for some time that about 25% of insoluble aerosols can be of biogenic origin, but their role in cloud formation remains highly uncertain. In the past few years technological advancements in field equipment have led to the discovery that a major fraction of particles which can serve as ice nuclei in the atmosphere are of biogenic origin. In an aircraft campaign, it was found that a third of the ice crystals in a cloud over Wyoming contained biogenic material (Pratt et al., Nature Geosci, 2, 398. 2009). In a separate study biogenic material dominated the ice nuclei populations above -25oC in the Amazon (Prenni et al., Nature Geosci, 2, 402, 2009). Hoose (Nature Geosci, 2, 385, 2009) suggests that these discoveries may represent 'the tip of the iceberg'. Hence, it is clear that biogenic aerosols are strongly correlated with ice yet their proper treatment in cloud and climate models is missing and their ice nucleation properties are very poorly characterised with huge gaps in basic knowledge. Modelling studies give conflicting results, with some models suggesting a major impact on cloud formation while others suggest a marginal impact of biogenic ice nucleation. The difference in model results and the discrepancy with the field data suggests that the laboratory data on which the models are based is inadequate. In fact, in their global model Hoose et al. (J. Atm. Sci, doi: 10.1175/2010JAS3425.1, 2010) use a crude estimate of the ice nucleating ability of fungal spores since there is no suitable experimental data on which to base the parameterisation. Given fungal spores account for 23% of the primary emissions of organic aerosol globally, their assumption will lead to major uncertainties in the model. Lab data for ice nucleation by pollen and bacteria are also very poor. In short, there is a large amount of biogenic material in the atmosphere, but we do not know how it impacts clouds and climate due to the paucity of basic data. In order to address this paucity of information we propose a set of experiments in which we make use of a unique instrument which Murray developed during his NERC fellowship. This instrument has and is being used to measure the efficiency with which mineral dust particles nucleate ice in the immersion mode. This work has resulted in the first quantitative measurements of ice nucleation by clay minerals (Murray et al. Atm. Chem. Phys. Disc. 4, 115, 2010). We plan to apply the same rigorous and quantitative techniques to fungal spores, pollen, and bacteria for the first time. NERC Reference : NE/I013466/1.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": []
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25026,
            "uuid": "10bd626ecfad4873a26c1c00e549a303",
            "title": "Designer ice nuclei for geoengineering of clouds",
            "abstract": "The collective international failure to curb rises in greenhouse gas emissions means we need to consider back up plans to avoid the worst potential impacts of climate change. A number of geoengineering schemes have been put forward and one of these involves modifying cirrus ice clouds. Thin cirrus clouds have a net warming effect on the planet, but by seeding them with efficient ice nuclei their global coverage could be reduced thus resulting in a cooling of the planet. Research is urgently needed into the basic science that will underpin schemes such as this. We propose a laboratory experimental study to identify materials which could be used to efficiently, safely and cost effectively nucleate ice (ice nuclei) in any future cloud geoengineering projects. Our strategy is to build on the experience and expertise at Asymptote Ltd who are experts in ice nucleation in the field of cryopreservation of biological samples. We already have an established working relationship with Asymptote and have published with them on freezing of water in jet fuel (see Murray's supervisor section for details). Our goal is to develop a fundamental understanding of ice nucleation by porous materials and use this to design ice nuclei which would be ideal for a range of applications. The primary focus of the student will be to identify ice nuclei for geoengineering purposes with potential benefits for society, whereas Asymptote Ltd will apply the same fundamental information to the commercial area of cryopreservation. We will therefore achieve both societal and economic impact with this work. Asymptote Ltd were recently awarded funds from the Technology Strategy Board to identifying ice nuclei which might be used in cryopreservation. This same experimental set up at Asymptote's laboratories will be used by the CASE student to screen a range of porous materials for their ice nucleating ability guided by a new theory of ice nucleation. We will then bring those same samples back to Leeds where we can quantify their ice nucleation efficiency under atmospherically relevant conditions. As well as working in a university research environment the CASE student will also spent a total of 6 months working at Asymptote Ltd. This will provide an opportunity to experience a commercial research environment and will learn skills that the School of Earth and Environment cannot offer such as management of intellectual property and the importance of commercial confidentiality. This combined with training in the fundamentals of nucleation and crystallisation as well as the transferrable skills training all Leeds students receive will give this individual a very competitive portfolio. NERC Reference : NE/I019057/1.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": []
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25044,
            "uuid": "a888ec077b9b4ef59c4403302614b411",
            "title": "Managing the Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties of drought and water Scarcity (MaRIUS)",
            "abstract": "MarIUS, the “Managing the Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties of drought and water Scarcity” project, is an NERC-funded project studying the \ndrought and water scarcity in the United Kingdom. Grant number NE/L010364/1.\n",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102549/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102550/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102551/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25061,
            "uuid": "7f104d8ea82c42b6a3fb1cfcdd601abd",
            "title": "SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP)",
            "abstract": "SPARC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate), is one of the core projects of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). S-RIP was a coordinated activity, which started in 2013, to compare global atmospheric reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project were to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate usage of various reanalysis products in scientific studies, particularly those of relevance to SPARC, and to contribute to future improvements in the reanalysis products by establishing collaborative links between reanalysis centres and data users. The studies in S-RIP are to be published in several journal papers and the WCRP/SPARC reports.\r\n",
            "keywords": "SPARC, S-RIP, WCRP",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25062/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/19200/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102664/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102667/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102665/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102666/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25088,
            "uuid": "3b93f94481a841f68bc1ce1e975e3ead",
            "title": "Auchencorth Moss Atmospheric Observatory (AU) and associated Field sites",
            "abstract": "During 2000s the site activity has increased and was established in 2006 as EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Program, Level 2/3) supersite for the UK. Long term monitoring is led by NERC CEH with contributions from other organisations/research institutes including Ricardo AEA, BureauVeritas, NPL, the University of Birmingham and University of Edinburgh. In April 2014 the site was awarded WMO GAW regional station (World Meteorological Orgamisation Global Atmospheric Watch). In 2017 the site joined the ICOS network (Integrated Carbon Observation System).\r\n\r\nThe meteorological measurements were initially made to assist with interpretation of the fluxes and as such weren't installed with the intention of providing WMO standard measurements but since 2014 we have been moving towards these standards as well as enhancing instrumentation.  Similar measurements are also made at nearby Easter Bush Field site by the same team.",
            "keywords": "Auchencorth Moss, Meteorology, Temperature, Rainfall, Wind Speed",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25087/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102803/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102804/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102805/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/178006/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/132770/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25113,
            "uuid": "433c7351386c4a878fa05ca625126de3",
            "title": "Measurements of Arctic Clouds, Snow, and Sea Ice nearby the Marginal Ice ZonE (MACSSIMIZE)",
            "abstract": "MACSSIMIZE is a project within YOPP (Year Of Polar Prediction)\r\n\r\nThe overarching aims of this project are to make the UK’s environmental prediction services for the polar regions world leading, through a better understanding of key physical processes and their improved representation within numerical weather and climate prediction systems. In so doing, improve environmental prediction globally via improved process representation and polar/mid-latitude linkages.\r\n\r\nThe FAAM BAe-146 aircraft was detached on a field campaign (~3 week detachment to Fairbanks, Alaska, during March 2018)  to obtain novel observations from the Arctic of surface emissivity over snow & sea ice; surface and boundary-layer processes over snow & sea ice; cloud microphysics over & downwind of sea ice; and orographic flows & their leeside impacts.  Targets are snow emissivity in conjunction with satellite overpasses and ground-based measurements of snow properties over land and sea ice; Boundary Layer and surface exchange processes over sea-ice and the marginal-ice-zone; clouds, aerosols and radiative impacts on energy balance; orographic flows and gravity waves from the Brooks or Alaska mountain ranges;",
            "keywords": "MACSSIMIZE, clouds, aerosol, FAAM",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9556/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26331/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102980/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102982/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102976/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102978/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25114,
            "uuid": "09d7fd5586bd446aab8947274b15168f",
            "title": "STANCO School and Training on Aircraft New and well-established techniques for Atmospheric Composition Observation",
            "abstract": "STANCO - School and Training on Aircraft New and well-established techniques for Atmospheric Composition Observation was a summer school funded by EUFAR in July 2017 at the University of Cambridge with flying on the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft based at Cranfield Airport.   Flights used a scientific payload identical to most chemical campaign that includes O3, NOx, NOy (core chem instruments), CO2 and CH4 (Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyser), NO2, RO2NO2, RONO2 and HNO3 (LIF instrument), HNO3, HCN (CIMS instrument). The course was aimed at early career researchers and provided an introduction to airborne measurements, and to demonstrate how to use calibration data to retrieve atmospheric chemistry measurements.  As the calibration of instruments is critical for atmospheric chemical species measurements, so detailed explanation of the main procedures for most of the instruments was given during the lectures followed by calibrations exercises on the ground and inflight exercises with instruments that need real-time calibrations. \r\n",
            "keywords": "STANCO, EUFAR, FAAM",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9340/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/5782/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/6382/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102983/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102985/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102981/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102979/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102977/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25115,
            "uuid": "925f0aa4f89e483b9e79be8397343fbd",
            "title": "EmeRGe-EU - Effect of Megacities on the Transport and Transformation of Pollutants on the Regional to Global Scales  EUFAR project",
            "abstract": "EmeRGe-EU is a project involving the DLR HALO aircraft based at Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany investigating experimentally the patterns of atmospheric transport and transformation of pollution plumes originating from Eurasia and both tropical and subtropical Asian megacities and MPCs.  Intercomparison flights took place with the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft during July 2017.",
            "keywords": "EMERGE, EUFAR, FAAM",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9341/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/5782/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/6382/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102988/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102990/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102991/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102987/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25116,
            "uuid": "cf99ebfb72bc459e8e9214b04460555c",
            "title": "ICARE-2 International Conference on Airborne Research for the Environment",
            "abstract": "The 2nd International Conference on Airborne Research for the Environment (ICARE 2017) was held at DLR - the German Aerospace Research Center, in Oberpfaffenhofen, from 10 to 13 July 2017. Mainly funded by EUFAR (under the EC's FP7 framework programme), the conference received significant in-kind and cash contributions from DLR and ESA respectively",
            "keywords": "EUFAR",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9342/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/24051/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102995/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102994/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105801/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102993/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/102992/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105849/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25288,
            "uuid": "583f546ddbbb49009675010b5e07a9fb",
            "title": "Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory",
            "abstract": "The Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) was established by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in May 2014 for long term observations of ocean-atmosphere interaction. The observatory is only a few tens of metres away from the water edge and 11m above mean sea level.\r\n\r\nAt the mouth of the Plymouth Sound, the site (50° 19.08' N, 4° 11.35' W) is exposed to marine air when the wind comes from 110° - 240°. Typical southwesterly winds tend to bring relatively clean background Atlantic air. In contrast, winds from the southeast are often contaminated by exhaust plumes from passing ships. The PPAO is in close proximity to marine sampling stations that form the Western Channel Observatory, enabling better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere coupling.",
            "keywords": "Penlee, Atmospheric, Meteorology, Pollution, Chemistry, Ozone, Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Rainfall, Wind, Methane",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25287/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103606/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103607/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103608/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25296,
            "uuid": "48e604045eb44e258c81d5a06464390f",
            "title": "WCRP CCMI-1: The CNRM-CERFACS contribution",
            "abstract": "WCRP CCMI-1 project contribution by CNRM-CERFACS. \r\n\r\nThe CNRM-CERFACS team consisted of the following agencies: Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) and Centre Européen de Recherche et Formation Avancées en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS).\r\n\r\nThe WCRP Chemistry Climate Model Initiative phase 1 (CCMI-1), is a global chemistry climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by the University of Reading on behalf of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP).",
            "keywords": " WCRP, CCMI-1, CNRM-CERFACS",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25297/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25298/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/12257/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103630/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103626/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103627/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103628/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103629/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103631/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103625/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103633/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103632/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25328,
            "uuid": "21b4b5eda2564fc0a1af66e5c69eebe8",
            "title": "WCRP CCMI-1: The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) contribution",
            "abstract": "WCRP CCMI-1 project contribution by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) team.\r\n\r\nThe WCRP Chemistry Climate Model Initiative phase 1 (CCMI-1), is a global chemistry climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by the University of Reading on behalf of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP).",
            "keywords": " WCRP, CCMI-1, GSFC",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25327/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/12257/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103824/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103820/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103821/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103819/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103822/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103823/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103827/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25330,
            "uuid": "bda9d9df0f6d4fed86102c2479ce0a93",
            "title": "NERC MST Radar Facility (MSTRF)",
            "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) Radar Facility at Capel Dewi, near Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Mid-Wales (52.42°N, 4.01°W), is an atmospheric observatory site of several observation systems for meteorological studies, managed and operated by the RAL Space department of the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory on behalf of the UK's environmental science community. The facility operates a range of instruments and hosts additional instrumentation from other institutes.\r\n\r\nThe principal instrument is the NERC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) Radar, the UK's most powerful and most versatile wind-profiling instrument from which wind data are operationally assimilated by a number of European meteorological services (including the UK's Met Office) for the purposes of numerical weather prediction. The MSTRF also operates a number of auxiliary instruments, including those for measuring surface wind, temperature, pressure, humidity, and rainfall at the site as well as surface wind speed and direction at the nearby Fron Goch site and a noctilucent cloud camera located at the Chilbolton Observatory in Hampshire (to allow images of such clouds to be seen at similar latitudes as the MSTRF site).\r\n\r\nHosted instrumentation has varied over time, but has included or continues to include instruments operated by the University of Manchester Centre for Atmospheric Science, the Met Office, the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) and the RAL SPace department of the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.\r\n\r\nThe facility makes its main data products open-access (i.e. freely available) through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) to all registered users, and may additionally assist users to access, to analyse, and to interpret the data as well as producing bespoke data products. Enquiries for further information about additional support form the facility should be addresses directly to the facility manager. Data from other instruments hosted by the site may be available under alternative access conditions and may not necessarily be available through CEDA.",
            "keywords": "Meteorology, Atmosphere, Chilbolton",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9616/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/6117/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/876/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103840/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103841/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103831/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103834/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103832/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25342,
            "uuid": "03349c8b2c6c456c9a07c1b828f8b1dc",
            "title": "NCAS-AMF: Long term observations at the Capel Dewi Atmospheric Observatory, Mid-Wales",
            "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's (NERC) National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) undertake a number of long term measurements by a suite of instruments to support ongoing atmospheric research at a variety of locations. These include a long-term observation mode of instruments from the NCAS Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) when not deployed on specific field campaign duties for other projects.\r\n\r\nOne such long-term deployment covers the NCAS AMF mobile wind profiler deployed at the NERC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar facility located near Aberystwyth, mid-Wales. This complements other long-term wind profilers in the UK, and also an alternative long-term observation site for this instrument at the Met Office's Cardington site in Bedfordshire.",
            "keywords": "NCAS, AMF, long-term observations, wind profiles",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/5404/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/876/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103911/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103912/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103913/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103914/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103915/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103916/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103917/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25347,
            "uuid": "ac9d6db250b4437fabd4bb67d8e8b606",
            "title": "BT Tower: Long term atmospheric chemistry monitoring",
            "abstract": "The UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) carries out long-term atmospheric chemistry modelling from the 190 m tall BT Tower in central London, UK (51°31′17.4″N, 0°8′20.04″W). The telecommunications tower is surrounded by a built up urban environment with a mean building height of 8.8 ± 3.0 m within 1 - 10 km of the tower and 5.6 ± 1.8 m for suburban London beyond this. The area surrounding the tower is dominated by roads and commercial residential buildings, but also includes some urban parkland and pervious ground. The footprint of the tower (e.g. the area from which 90% of the air measured is calculated to originate from) is 5-20 km depending on weather conditions.\r\n\r\nNCAS undertook to continue these long-term measurements following the National Environment Research Council (NERC) funded ClearfLo (Clean Air for London) Project which also utilised the site for composition monitoring using a suite of instrument from NCAS and other institutes.",
            "keywords": "NCAS, long-term, atmospheric chemistry",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25346/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/876/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103946/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103947/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103948/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/103949/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25415,
            "uuid": "a140fb3e625a4e35b0c327ffca31d51b",
            "title": "Remote sensing for estimating impact of internal waves on the seabed",
            "abstract": "In-situ observation and modelling of internal waves in the UK continental shelf (UKCS) has a long history. Internal waves can reach amplitudes of 50m and more, transferring energy between large-scale tides and small-scale mixing, and contribute to coupling of benthic and pelagic systems, sediment resuspension and pollutant dispersion. Detailed in-situ observations and modelling of internal wave (IW) hot spots help us to understand the principles of their interaction with the seabed of the continental shelf and slope. Such measurements are focused on specific areas and not able to provide an overall picture of IW occurrence on the UKCS, or their seasonal or inter-annual variability. Satellite remote sensing using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor can deliver thousands of measurements of sea surface roughness and provide systematic observations of IW features over many years. SAR remote sensing opens new opportunities for deriving IW occurrence and climatology maps over the UKCS.\r\n\r\nIn this study we processed ENVISAT ASAR sensor data acquired in 2006-2012 by the European Space Agency, to build detailed maps of IW occurrence and climatology for the UKCS. Up to a hundred SAR scenes per month covered the region of interest, over 3,400 in total, a volume of data that cannot be processed manually. \r\n\r\nIn this project we developed a new methodology for automated processing of satellite images, detection of IW features and combining the processed scenes into monthly composites and climatologies of IW occurrence. These IW occurrence maps have been applied to estimate the impact of IWs on the seabed in the UKCS. Regions with high likelihood of seabed disturbance were identified by combining the mixed layer depth, bathymetry and IW occurrence data. Monthly and annual climatology maps of the UKCS have been produced showing the spatial and temporal variability of high and low impact regions. The project ran from January to September 2017 funded by the UK Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy's (BEIS) offshore energy Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) programme.",
            "keywords": "Internal waves, Remote Sensing, Maps, Continental shelf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105625/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105626/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105627/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105629/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/179841/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105628/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25441,
            "uuid": "54395a1809e54676adbdefa6df24b1fe",
            "title": "RS4forestEBV-A - Airborne remote sensing for monitoring essential biodiversity variables in forest ecosystems-A",
            "abstract": "The aim of this EUFAR training course is to  develop the special skills required for processing the new generation of airborne and satellite hyperspectral, thermal and LIDAR data for retrieving essential biodiversity variables in forest ecosystems. Forest management requires the use of comprehensive remote sensing data which enable monitoring biodiversity changes in response to calamities such as bark beetle infestation and other climate change induced phenomena. They also enable to predict the long-term impact of management decisions. Although the benefits of remote sensing for monitoring vegetation are well recognized, yet accurate and site specific monitoring of many essential biodiversity variables in forest ecosystems remain elusive.  In forests, bidirectional effects mainly influence hyperspectral airborne signals and directly affect the accuracy of derived variables. Simultaneous acquisition of thermal, VIS/NIR hyperspectral and LIDAR data (See RS4forestEBV-B) allow accurate retrieval of vegetation parameters (e.g., LAI, chlorophyll, SLA, nitrogen, water content, species occurrence and 3D vegetation structural attributes) which have been recognized as essential biodiversity variables by GEO-BON and are crucial in forestry and national park management practices. Several ongoing projects will support this training course including the ESA Innovator III project (RS4EBV). The participants will be trained in remote sensing algorithms and retrieval of essential biodiversity variables. The BIOKLIM project which is coordinated by Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP), will provide data and expert knowledge on forest structure, biodiversity and management issues as well as facilitate access to the field sites, flux towers and field data collection techniques.\r\n\r\n",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, ARSF, NERC ARF, EUFAR17_86",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9367/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9368/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105717/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105718/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105719/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105716/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105824/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105877/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25448,
            "uuid": "d90aa427c5c54ae38063211e8adb74dc",
            "title": "MASOMED: MApping SOil variability within rainfed MEDiterranean agroecosystems using hyperspectral data",
            "abstract": "This EUFAR project was part of an overall research aimed at developing an integrated methodology using hyperspectral optical, thermal and lidar data combined with SAR single and full polarimetric data to map soil resources and land management activities. As a follow-on to the SEDMEDHY proposal that successfully acquired hyperspectral and lidar data in the dry season (summer 2011) and allowed to develop a methodology to map erosion stages (Schmid et al, 2016), the present study aims at mapping the soil variability during the growing season and associated vegetation stress indicators within the rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystems based on hyperspectral optical and thermal data.\r\n\r\nFor this, the following scientific issues were pursued:\r\n1) determining soil variability throughout the study area using the full potential of visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared hyperspectral CASI 1500i and AHS data; \r\n2) assessing the spatial distribution of \r\nthe different rainfed agroecosystems according to abiotic and biotic properties; \r\n3) relating vegetation stress to soil degradation processes and conditions; \r\n4) detect changes related to soil erosion of soil surface covers by comparing current conditions with those identified in previous work (Schmid et al., 2016), and developing a decision tree methodology to classify the soil and crop cover related to soil erosion processes at the pixel level; \r\n5) assessing the variability of soil properties at different spatial scales with the aim of testing the transferability of the methods used to future hyperspectral space-borne sensors such as EnMAP, \r\nHISUI, PRISMA, SHALOM; \r\n6) integrating existing space-borne optical, thermal infrared and radar sensors such as Landsat 8, ASTER, Copernicus Sentinel 1 and 2 and linking to Radarsat2 data to enhance soil and vegetation cover information using time series. \r\n\r\nThe latter issue aimed to study the potential of combining multi-source data (optical, radar, thermal) to assess and spatially map soil quality and crop stress, and to test and develop a simplified methodology that can determine soil and vegetation cover properties associated to soil degradation processes based on current satellite sensors. Data from space-borne sensors at the time of the hyperspectral acquisition as well as data sets from other selected dates during the period of the crop cultivations were used. Field work obtained spectral data with field spectroradiometers and a thermal radiometer (multispectral CIMEL 312-2) as well as field measurements of soil and vegetation parameters and agricultural activities. An integrated methodology was implemented to incorporate the data obtained with the different sensors at the different spatial and spectral resolutions and compiling a database based on GIS technologies. Hyperspectral data obtained with the CASI 1500i and AHS sensors will be used to determine land cover and soil and vegetation characteristics associated to soil\r\n",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, MASOMED, soil",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105754/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105755/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105826/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105830/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105892/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105891/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25449,
            "uuid": "9e91ae1fdc72401ebef1df11a6bfb52e",
            "title": "OLACTA-2: Observing the Low-level Atmospheric Circulation in Tropical Atlantic",
            "abstract": "The EUFAR  OLACTA-2 project aimed to obtain a definitive dataset on the  low-level atmospheric circulation (LLAC) in the  Gulf of Guinea (GG), based on a suite of state-of-the-art in situ and remote sensing instruments intended to document the dynamics, thermodynamics and composition of the LLAC together with sea surface properties and near surface turbulent fluxes.\r\nThe low-level atmospheric circulation (LLAC) over the Gulf of Guinea (GG), which develops in response to an equatorial upwelling and resulting sea-surface temperature (SST) gradients, is most intense around the time of the monsoon onset (June/July). This has strong implications on air-sea interactions, moisture transport, cloud development, dust aerosols re-circulation and pollution ventilation in the coastal areas of southern West Africa (SWA). Most of the knowledge on this circulation has been gained through NWP and mesoscale models. To date, there exist no comprehensive observational dataset against which the models simulations can be challenged. Yet, most climate and regional models show large biases in simulated surface winds and SST in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic. It is likely due to a mis-representation of the regional ocean-atmosphere couplings.  Two identical meridional flights between coastal SWA and 2°N are planned (once the equatorial cold tongue is established) for a total of 10 hours of flying time. This project  took place in the framework of the EU funded DACCIWA project in June/July 2016 in SWA. The project will also serve the purpose of the EU funded PREFACE project which aims at advancing knowledge on Tropical Atlantic climate.",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, OLACTA-2, circulation",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105756/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105757/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105827/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105784/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105893/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105887/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25450,
            "uuid": "3540c3bcdaa0432686337aac6919ec9c",
            "title": "MICWA: Mid-level Inversions and Cloudiness in southern West Africa",
            "abstract": "Climate models underestimate mid-level cloudiness with important ramifications for the radiation budget, especially in tropical latitudes. In the area of the West African monsoon the frequency and amount of such clouds is substantial, especially at night. Part of the reason of the nighttime maximum is that mid-level clouds are extensively generated in the stratiform part of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) whose activity peaks at night in the region. Other potential genesis mechanisms of altostratus are weak synoptic lifting (e.g. by lower tropospheric vortices) in a nearly saturated mid troposphere, a situation that most frequently occurs at the peak of the monsoon season in  July-August near the Guinea Coast, or mid-level detrainment from developing cumulus congestus and cumulonimbus clouds. The latter two genesis mechanisms are aided by a mid-level (500-600 hPa) inversion or at least stable layer that is often visible in radiosonde ascents in the Guineo-Sahelian zone (5-12°N). To the best of the applicants’ knowledge, the causes of this inversion have not been explored yet. Since at northern Sahelian latitudes, the mixed layer at the end of the day reaches altitudes of about 5km, the stable layer atop this mixed layer may simply be advected southward by the mid-level return flow. However, an elevated melting-layer inversion, as often present during the DYNAMO experiment over the Indian Ocean (R. Johnson, personal communication), or mid-level subsidence, forced by deep convection to the north, are alternative, but not necessarily independent, possible explanations. \r\n\r\nIn spite of its potential impact on regional climate, there exist no comprehensive in-situ observational dataset of mid-level cloud environments to date. The MICWA project aims at filling this gap. The experimental work here will be developed within the EU funded DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) project. The  EUFAR TA MICWA project is concentrated on dynamic and \r\nthermodynamic genesis and analysis processes of mid-level cloud decks, a scientific topic not in the focus of DACCIWA. Rather, DACCIWAs focus is on aerosol-chemistry interaction with low, warm clouds. The DACCIWA field campaign is planned for June/July 2015 and will involve three research aircraft. The aircraft detachment base will be selected among one of three coastal cities (Accra, Loma or Cotonou).\r\n\r\nThe objective of the EUFAR project Mid-level Inversions and Cloudiness in southern West Africa (MICWA) is to collect a dataset, against which the above-mentioned theories and DACCIWA model simulations can be tested. For example, the presence of dust aerosols would indicate a provenance of the stable layer from the Sahel. High-resolution structural properties of the mid-level clouds, vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, wind, momentum and turbulent heat fluxes, and radiation measurements shall help to shed light on mechanisms that disintegrate or maintain stratus decks",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, MICWA, Africa, clouds",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105758/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105759/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105825/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105783/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105894/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/105878/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25530,
            "uuid": "42ad7746a57c4c8993f9f308bb08b2fa",
            "title": "CIIMA: Evaluation of ground-based lidar methodologies for continuous profiling of Cloud condensation and Ice nuclei concentrations in the Mediterranean",
            "abstract": "The EUFAR CIIMA project performed continuous ground-based lidar measurements in the ACTRIS core stations of Finokalia in Crete and Limassol in Cyprus, accompanied by sunphotometric and surface in-situ measurements. EUFAR provided airborne in-situ profiling of CCN number concentration and particle size distributions and advanced microphysics using the DLR Falcon-20 aircraft.\r\n",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, CIIMA, CCN",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106805/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106806/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106807/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106808/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106809/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106810/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25531,
            "uuid": "6b366a55917543f6aadfdc842ea82951",
            "title": "FOAM - Silesia: Flight campaign over Silesian Coal District to quantify the methane emission rates from urban and biogenic sources",
            "abstract": "The EUFAR FOAM-Silesia project aimed to verify and improve the knowledge on the spatial distribution of individual methane sources used as input for the model (including biogenic and anthropogenic sources) and to substantially improve model parametrization of short range mixing in the lower atmosphere under different boundary layer conditions.",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, FOAM-Silesia",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106812/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106813/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106814/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106815/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106811/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106816/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25532,
            "uuid": "2fee846d424345e99bab8bbb87278330",
            "title": "NAWDEX-Influence: The North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impacts Experiment - Influence on weather in western Europe",
            "abstract": "The EUFAR NAWDEX-Influence project aimed to increase physical understanding and quantify the effects of diabatic processes on disturbances to the jet stream, their influence on downstream propagation across the North Atlantic, and consequences for high impact weather in Europe. This was part of a much bigger NAWDEX project.",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, NAWDEX-Influence",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106818/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106819/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106820/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106821/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106817/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106822/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25533,
            "uuid": "30ecf53e8c5a4977810b24a3ce90ad90",
            "title": "DoGMA: Evaluating Dust forecasting over the eastern Mediterranean Area",
            "abstract": "The EUFAR DOGMA project aimed to investigate the properties of dust clouds in the Mediterranean region using airborne in-situ measurements on board the DLR Falcon aircraft.  \r\nDust is the most abundant aerosol at the greater Mediterranean region. Apart from the air quality implications, dust is also a significant climate and weather\r\nmodulator. Dust aerosols are very efficient ice nuclei (IN), and they play an important role in heterogeneous cloud glaciation. Introducing a dust based ice\r\nnucleation parameterization in NMM-DREAM model allows the calculation of dust IN activation and the related impacts in cloud properties. However, in order to\r\nproperly assess the modification of cloud properties due to dust contamination one should first evaluate the model performance with regards to the basic\r\nparameters that participate in these processes. \r\nThe main objectives of this project are to \r\n1. Measure temperature and humidity profiles inside the elevated dust layers\r\n2. Examine the concentration of airborne dust particles and their size distribution (fine to coarse ratio) over the greater E Mediterranean region.\r\n3. Assess the accuracy of dust concentration forecasting in NMM-DREAM and investigate the ice glaciation capabilities of the model.\r\n\r\nThe methodology proposed to carry out the experiment is mainly based on observations of Saharan mineral dust plumes. During spring, these plumes are usually\r\naccompanied by cloud formations often leading to stormy weather and severe precipitations including wet deposition of dust. These clouds are affected by dust\r\nand their properties are altered depending on dust concentration and sizes. Aircraft measurements of the meteorological and aerosol parameters inside the dust\r\nlayers will be used to evaluate the performance of NMM-DREAM forecast fields. Model interpretation and assessment of the simulations will be performed\r\ntogether with space-borne and aircraft lidar profiles, ground photometers and ground chemical/size characterization of dust.\r\nThe anticipated outputs from this work include the improvement of our knowledge on dust processes and the validation of dust modeling results that will increase\r\nour confident on these products over this particular area. ",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, DOGMA, dust",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9553/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106823/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106824/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106825/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106826/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106827/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106828/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25544,
            "uuid": "3c6dff1762b5467c87a73db6ef1c75d6",
            "title": "High-End cLimate Impacts and eXtremes (HELIX)",
            "abstract": "The HELIX project aims to assist decision-makers and the research community to make adaptation to our changing climate more understandable and manageable by providing a set of credible, coherent, global and regional views of different worlds at 2, 4 and 6°C, and now 1.5°C.",
            "keywords": "climate change, adaptation",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106904/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106905/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106907/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106903/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106906/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25545,
            "uuid": "b7e1b3005c86436d9f366f789a890581",
            "title": "arsf GB03_01 project",
            "abstract": "arsf GB03_01 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " GB03_01, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9489/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106908/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106909/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106911/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106910/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25546,
            "uuid": "b17df51acf044cbfb1e7f359aa38e934",
            "title": "arsf GB12_04 project",
            "abstract": "arsf GB12_04 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " GB12_04, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9490/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25551/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106912/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106913/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106915/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106914/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25560,
            "uuid": "5b87bd051851480db16ef28b0c0eb0fc",
            "title": "arsf GB12_06 project",
            "abstract": "arsf GB12_06 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " GB12_06, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9491/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25565/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106960/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106961/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106963/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/106962/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25578,
            "uuid": "de719c0087d24e4d98ef4674e2a20ccb",
            "title": "arsf GB12_07 project",
            "abstract": "arsf GB12_07 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " GB12_07, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9492/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25583/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107020/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107021/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107023/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107022/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25588,
            "uuid": "ee4d209c396b4dbaa01b608ca74427c3",
            "title": "arsf RG12_10 project",
            "abstract": "arsf RG12_10 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " RG12_10, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9493/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25593/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107056/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107057/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107059/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107058/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25606,
            "uuid": "a8ad300e751c45b3a9b70552c6a8dfe7",
            "title": "arsf GB12_05 project",
            "abstract": "arsf GB12_05 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " GB12_05, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9494/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25611/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107116/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107117/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107119/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107118/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25616,
            "uuid": "3f60acf557a742f9b353d3ce25950bda",
            "title": "arsf ET12_18 project",
            "abstract": "arsf ET12_18 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " ET12_18, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9495/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25621/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107152/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107153/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107155/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107154/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25626,
            "uuid": "33f38d51a5d44b0192429dcaebad2245",
            "title": "arsf EU09_06 project",
            "abstract": "arsf EU09_06 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " EU09_06, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9496/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25631/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107188/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107189/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107191/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107190/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25632,
            "uuid": "6e9ce49e32c54690bbb680f0d47a104e",
            "title": "arsf EM10_02 project",
            "abstract": "arsf EM10_02 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " EM10_02, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9497/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25637/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107212/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107213/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107215/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107214/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25642,
            "uuid": "13ba7d3285af41a2bca452636aa3188e",
            "title": "arsf EU12_12 project",
            "abstract": "arsf EU12_12 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " EU12_12, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9498/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25647/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107248/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107249/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107251/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107250/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25652,
            "uuid": "68e691333594445a93d94bf9acc5bf94",
            "title": "arsf ET12_17 project",
            "abstract": "arsf ET12_17 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " ET12_17, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9499/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25657/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107284/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107285/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107287/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107286/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25662,
            "uuid": "cc061b3167f34371989b7b265f855c77",
            "title": "arsf BGS12_01 project",
            "abstract": "arsf BGS12_01 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " BGS12_01, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9500/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25667/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107320/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107321/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107323/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107322/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25672,
            "uuid": "22214cf7d4894510b452ca42539ce121",
            "title": "arsf ET12_14 project",
            "abstract": "arsf ET12_14 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " ET12_14, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9501/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25677/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107356/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107357/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107359/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107358/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25678,
            "uuid": "ade94ebcdcd4494b98f7ca7d44561408",
            "title": "arsf BGS11_01 project",
            "abstract": "arsf BGS11_01 project - more details to follow",
            "keywords": " BGS11_01, arsf",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9502/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25683/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107380/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107381/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107383/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/107382/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25858,
            "uuid": "c542c30c380f4604878c7fc3698b2c9f",
            "title": "Evaluating and modelling the impact of extreme events on South African dryland rivers: Cyclone Dando (January 2012)",
            "abstract": "In mid January 2012, Cyclone Dando struck southern Africa, leading to widespread heavy rainfall (450-500 mm in 48 hours) and flooding in the Kruger National Park (KNP), eastern South Africa.  This flooding occurred just 12 years after the last major catastrophic flooding in the KNP (Jan/Feb 2000), which also caused dramatic river channel and vegetation changes.  Using data acquired from light aircraft (photographs, LiDAR) together with field surveying and sediment sampling, this study exploited a rare opportunity to investigate the flooding, erosion & sedimentation that occurred during the January 2012 event along three rivers in the KNP. The data obtained was compared with pre-existing data that were collected prior to and following the 2000 flooding in the KNP, and then combined with state-of-the-art computer models to simulate flow characteristics during floods and the longer term response of the rivers to sequences of extreme floods. The aerial, field and modelling results helped to develop new conceptual models of the response of these rivers to extreme events. Such models have practical application, both for river managers in the KNP & farther afield.  Many climate change scenarios predict future increases in the size and frequency of extreme flood events in southern Africa and other dryland regions, and better understanding of the spatial extent of flooding, erosion & sedimentation will contribute to improved flood hazard management & environmental stewardship.",
            "keywords": "LiDAR, South African, Rivers, Cyclone, Modelling",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108005/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108006/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108007/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108008/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168817/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25898,
            "uuid": "fb35900ea57742ea814f5ac43458f149",
            "title": "The impact of stratospheric ozone feedbacks on climate sensitivity estimates (ACCI)",
            "abstract": "Standard NCAS, ERC modelling project. ERC Grant number ACCI project (project number 267760)\n",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108281/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108282/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108283/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25913,
            "uuid": "78d8d6cf26d4407c8868885df73e6f34",
            "title": "Analysis of ice cloud properties in observation and model based studies",
            "abstract": "Analysis of ice cloud properties in observation and model based studies.\nThis was part of a Junior Research Fellowship, supported by Imperial College London.\n",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108309/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 25937,
            "uuid": "130756538390418ea80ebe143542b01d",
            "title": "Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV)",
            "abstract": "The FP7 QA4ECV project was initiated in 2014 to demonstrate how reliable and traceable quality information can be provided for satellite and ground-based measurements of climate and air quality parameters. The project developed and applied a Quality Assurance framework on new and improved multi-decadal data records of the Land ECVs Albedo, Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), and on the Atmosphere ECVs nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and carbon monoxide (CO).\r\n\r\nQA4ECV provides multi-decadal satellite data records for 3 Land Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) and 3 Atmosphere ECV precursors.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25940/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25943/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25946/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108417/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108419/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108546/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108418/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26014,
            "uuid": "c700e47ca45d4c43b213fe879863d589",
            "title": "UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18)",
            "abstract": "The UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18) project provides access to information on changes in 21st century climate for the UK through the UKCP18 website. The website allows dynamic interaction through a user interface to the data. UKCP18 provides future climate projections for land and marine regions as well as observed (past) climate data for the UK.\r\n\r\nThe UKCP18 project builds upon the current set of projections (UKCP09) to provide the most up-to date assessment of how the climate of the UK may change over the 21st century. This information will be essential to future Climate Change Risk Assessments and to equip the UK with information to help adapt to the challenges and opportunities of climate change in line with the National Adaptation Programme.",
            "keywords": "UK, climate, projections, UKCP18, UKCP, climate impact, climate risk, climate adaptation, land, sea, river, GCM, RCM, High-Resolution, Probabalistic",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/19798/?format=api",
            "subProject": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/26015/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/26111/?format=api"
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108794/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108796/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108798/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112336/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112335/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108795/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26015,
            "uuid": "3500c35912e34566adb9948920d1216d",
            "title": "UKCP18: The Marine Component of the UK Climate Projections 2018",
            "abstract": "The marine component of the UKCP18 project is comprised of:\r\nA multi-model ensemble of sea level projections for UK waters which extend to 2100 and include contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, freshwater reservoirs, groundwater and thermal expansion. \r\nA multi-model ensemble of historical sea level simulations for UK waters from 1970 to 2006.\r\nCase studies of three short events.\r\nSimulated impacts of mean sea level change on tidal characteristics around the UK.",
            "keywords": "UKCP18, UKCP, Climate, UK, Probabalistic, Marine, Tidal, Sea Surface Elevation, Historical, Projections, Case Studies",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26018/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26160/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26163/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/26014/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108805/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108806/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108808/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/108809/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112347/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112348/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26040,
            "uuid": "77892d10510b4087aa135ec30a7fdd85",
            "title": "COOLAPEX: Towards assessment of water quality of the Curonian Lagoon using hyperspectral APEX sensor: optical water properties, phytoplankton and macrophytes.",
            "abstract": "This EUFAR project performed an assessment of water quality of the Curonian Lagoon using hyperspectral APEX sensor: optical water properties, phytoplankton and macrophytes.  \r\n\r\nThe Curonian Lagoon is a large, shallow (total area 1584 km2, mean depth 3.8 m), mainly freshwater estuary located in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea. It\r\nis divided between Lithuania (northern part, 26 % of the lagoon area) and the Russian Federation. The Curonian Lagoon provides significant ecological services\r\nto society: aquaculture, fishery, recreation, water supply and transport. This aquatic system plays an important role in carbon and other global biogeochemical\r\ncycles. The Curonian Lagoon is naturally productive water basin that has been impacted by the undesired processes of both eutrophication and climate change.\r\n\r\nNowadays the lagoon is considered to be hyper-eutrophic with recurring spring diatom blooms followed by summer cyanobacteria blooms which are a major concern in this region because the chlorophyll-a concentration can be extremely high (up to about 200 mg m-3) and, under specific climate conditions, can be associated with a surface accumulation of algae. \r\nCurrently, our ability to monitor such a large ecosystem is limited by a number of in situ stations, samples and scarce collaboration with neighboring country. Satellite remote sensing is a valuable asset for monitoring such a large water bodies for various purposes, however, this is not possible in this case due to unsuitable spectral resolution, and the airborne hyperspectral sensor APEX will be used instead. \r\n\r\nThe choice of the Curonian Lagoon as one of our dedicated study sites is strongly based on the availability of the existing field radiometric measurements, in situ data, available facility for the field campaign that will be funded by FP7 INFORM project. The field, airborne and satellite data collected during this field campaign will produce one of the most extensive, datasets for optically complex waters and an invaluable resource for the scientific community. The level-1b data from APEX will be processed to water-leaving reflectance by VITO. APEX is the only sensor for which water-leaving reflectance products are provided operationally in EUFAR.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this project are:\r\n• to test and validate algorithms for retrieval of the different main phytoplankton functional types, the absorption coefficient of yellow matter, phytoplankton primary\r\nproduction, spatial distribution and macrophyte functional groups;\r\n• to evaluate the spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton and correlate this intraday variability with meteorological conditions during the study period, with\r\nthe final goal of evaluating their influence on phytoplankton growth dynamics;\r\n• to extend ongoing activities of FP7 INFORM project on the development of specific algorithms that will be validated using field radiometric measurements and\r\nhyperspectral data simultaneously acquired during field campaign carried out in the Curonian Lagoon;\r\n• to validate Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 (in case it will be fully operational) data with collected in situ and APEX data;\r\n• to improve the knowledge of instrumentation currently available for monitoring activities;\r\n\r\n",
            "keywords": "EUFAR, COOLAPEX, phytoplankton ",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9552/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/6385/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109005/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109006/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109007/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109008/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109009/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109010/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26048,
            "uuid": "1c815f9fdd8d4c1cbddd502af8b6291f",
            "title": "ODYSEA: Ocean dynamics as driver of seasonal to decadal European atmospheric variability",
            "abstract": "ODYSEA: Ocean dynamics as driver of seasonal to decadal European atmospheric variability is a NERC funded research project (NE/M006107/1) investigating the impact of the ocean on the variability and predictability of European weather and climate. ODYSEA combines novel and existing numerical simulations (including hindcasts from the latest generation of the UK Met Office’s seasonal and decadal forecasting systems) and observations to provide new process-level understanding for European atmospheric variability by identifying the physical mechanisms through which the ocean modulates the variability of European climate. The project began in 2015.",
            "keywords": "NE/M006107/1, decadal European atmospheric variability",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26049/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109036/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109037/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109053/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109038/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109035/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/169540/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109049/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109050/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109051/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109052/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26081,
            "uuid": "9ac49b2c155543898c6e3390d41a6974",
            "title": "Parameterizing Ice Clouds using Airborne obServationS and triple-frequency dOppler radar data (PICASSO)",
            "abstract": "The aim of the PICASSO project is to measure in-situ cloud microphysical properties West of Chilbolton, Hampshire, UK.  using the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft. \r\n\r\nIce clouds have an important role in the atmosphere, influencing radiative transfer and precipitation formation. The global climatic impact of all clouds types is estimated as a cooling effect. This net cooling effect results from the opposing impacts from liquid clouds (which cool by reflecting sunlight back into space) and ice clouds (which warm through a \"greenhouse\" effect). Unfortunately there is a lack of understanding of many of the physical processes occurring in ice clouds due to the complexity of ice particle processes and interactions between atmospheric motions, water vapour, and aerosol particles. This means ice clouds are a source of significant uncertainty in climate simulations, and can lead to errors in weather forecasts. Establishing which models are the most accurate remains difficult due to the lack of observations of ice cloud properties. \r\n\r\nRemote sensing techniques (e.g. radar) can provide observations of ice clouds over large areas on a continuous basis, making them ideal for assessing model skill. However, these techniques do not typically directly measure the atmospherically relevant quantity (e.g. mass of condensed water in a volume of air), and a retrieval must be used to obtain comparable data. These retrievals must invoke several assumptions about the properties of the ice clouds, properties which in reality are highly uncertain. We propose a project to collect a new dataset using in-situ observations from a research aircraft to directly observed ice cloud properties. At the same time, three different radars operating at difference wavelengths will scan the same clouds to allow a variety of radar retrievals to be developed and evaluated. We will obtain data during overpasses from a variety of different satellites which observe ice clouds from space. This work will improve fundamental understanding of ice cloud properties, and lead to improved remote sensing retrievals, both of which will lead to improved model accuracy and reduced uncertainty.",
            "keywords": "PICASSO, clouds, aerosol, FAAM",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9557/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/29923/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109191/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109190/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109193/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109192/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26082,
            "uuid": "1a7f76b65e774cf6abb09cdee642dd73",
            "title": "FAAM ARNA project : Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Cycling over the Ocean",
            "abstract": "Long-term studies of the North Atlantic climate using the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft",
            "keywords": "ARNA, FAAM, ARNA-1, ARNA-2",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9558/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/10969/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27849/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109197/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109198/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109196/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109199/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/182029/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26098,
            "uuid": "97ca58a7570f4e169473953f3d694e45",
            "title": "Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections)",
            "abstract": "This project produced quantitative projections of the real-world spatial patterns of future climate change. Two interlinked frameworks were developed; one to advance our basic understanding of climate change processes through targeted and idealized model experiments; and the other to optimally combine the information from climate models with observations and the new understanding to produce projections of the real world. The frameworks were rigorously tested by application to three key problems in climate projection; (i) tropical and subtropical land-ocean temperature contrast and precipitation change, (ii) northern hemisphere mid-latitude storms and blocking and (iii) polar temperature and precipitation change and sea-ice feedbacks.",
            "keywords": "Robust, climate change",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26096/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109311/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109312/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109313/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/204639/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168821/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26101,
            "uuid": "373db968ae0a4cb2bc0293c12d4f7807",
            "title": "University of Washington postdoctoral work for Rob Wood.",
            "abstract": "Postdoctoral work with Rob Wood funded by the University of Washington.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109314/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109315/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26103,
            "uuid": "902d535320ac447a9b9e3fe2c4318ce6",
            "title": "ARSF - RG15/18: River Ribble Area",
            "abstract": "EPSRC funded project over the river Ribble.\r\nAirborne remote sensing data over river Ribble\r\nLocation: River Ribble, UK. This project used data collected on board the NERC ARSF (Airborne Research and Survey Facility) aircraft.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9564/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8604/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109325/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26104,
            "uuid": "c5586248ea3541eeba8f479e5656daeb",
            "title": "NERC-ARF RG17/26 Project: Albacete, Spain",
            "abstract": "Flight for summer school. This project used NERC-ARF (NERC Airborne Research Facility) Remote Sensing instruments collected on board the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin-Otter aircraft.",
            "keywords": "RG17_26, RG17/26, NERC-ARF, ARSF",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9563/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8604/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109326/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/143690/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26105,
            "uuid": "1050b8e39cd444f28a41726f49755161",
            "title": "NERC-ARF GB17/00 Project: Alconbury, UK",
            "abstract": "Internal boresight flight for NERC-ARF instrument calibration. This project used NERC-ARF (NERC Airborne Research Facility) Remote Sensing instruments collected on board the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin-Otter aircraft.",
            "keywords": "GB17_00, GB17/00, NERC-ARF, ARSF",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9562/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8604/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109327/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/144148/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26106,
            "uuid": "5e5bb596361d4a2cb57512c5dba058ca",
            "title": "NERC-ARF ES17_136 Project: Albacete, Spain",
            "abstract": "The aim of this project is to develop methods for deriving Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Surface Spectral Emissivity (SSE) retrieval approaches with the Specim Aisa Owl data,  evaluate algorithmic performances using ground measurements and to demonstrate the potential for demonstrate validation of satellite-based retrieval of LST and SSE. This project used NERC-ARF Remote Sensing instruments collected on board the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin-Otter aircraft.",
            "keywords": "ES17_136,ES17/136, NERC-ARF, ARSF",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9561/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8604/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109328/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/143689/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26107,
            "uuid": "4c1576973e124f919a0afde8477f54b3",
            "title": "NERC-ARF ES17_106 Project: Valencia, Spain",
            "abstract": "Validation of the operational and user-generated vegetation products derived from Sentinel-2 and -3. This project used NERC-ARF (NERC Airborne Research Facility) Remote Sensing instruments collected on board the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin-Otter aircraft.",
            "keywords": "ES17_106, ES17/106, NERC-ARF, ARSF",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9560/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8604/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109329/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/143686/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26109,
            "uuid": "7d9244bdfac544a8bc77525382966914",
            "title": "NERC-ARF ES17_126 Project: Alto Tajo, Spain area",
            "abstract": "Assess the abandonment of traditional forest management. Case of study: 'Alto Tajo' Natural Park, also surveyed in 2011, (1) Map the trajectory of biomass since 2011 (2) Estimate woodland canopy and other vegetation indices from hyperspectral data (3) Measure woodland canopy temperature as a proxy of transpiration. This project used NERC-ARF (NERC Airborne Research Facility) Remote Sensing instruments collected on board the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Twin-Otter aircraft.",
            "keywords": "ES17_126,ES17/126,NERC-ARF",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9559/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/8604/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109331/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/143687/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26111,
            "uuid": "b94590a87114418281a859d391ab5641",
            "title": "UKCP18: The Land Component of the UK Climate Projections 2018",
            "abstract": "The land component of the UKCP18 project is comprised of:\r\nA set of probabilistic projections over the UK for multiple scenarios at various temporal and spatial scales.\r\nGlobal and UK-scale simulations at global climate model resolution.\r\nUK-scale simulations at regional climate model resolution.",
            "keywords": "UKCP18, UKCP, Climate, UK, Probabalistic, GCM, RCM, High-Resolution, Historical, Projections, Climatologies",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26156/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26157/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26158/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27761/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/26014/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109333/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109334/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109335/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109336/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112341/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112342/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26139,
            "uuid": "e33464858fd04cd0950fb33f520c4193",
            "title": "Reliable Climate Projections; the Final Frontier for Stochastic Parametrisations",
            "abstract": "Reliable Climate Projections: the Final Frontier for Stochastic Parametrisations is a NERC-funded project studying the development of new stochastic parametrisation schemes for use in climate models. Grant number NE/P018238/1",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109382/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109383/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26219,
            "uuid": "79e749a562f34a7790fdfe0bce2ac1fd",
            "title": "Developing enhanced impact models for integration with next generation NWP and climate outputs (DEMON)",
            "abstract": "DEMON aimed to analyse state-of-the-art Numerical Weather Prediction precipitation forecast for online integration with flood forecast models. A key component in DEMON was the analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar for assimilation into the flood model to keep the forecast on track. The capability of real-time operational forecast was at the heart of the project. The duration of the project took place between 2012-2015 and was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/I005242/1.\r\n\r\nObjectives: The project aimed to develop improved hydrologic and hydraulic models to translate the outputs from Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and climate models into more meaningful estimates of storm impact due to fluvial flow or coastal surge. These improvements in storm impact modelling were achieved through four linked objectives -    \r\n1.\tDownscaling, uncertainty propagation and evaluation of hydrologic modelling structures. \r\n2.\tThe development of data assimilation and remote sensing approaches to enhance predictions from storm impact models. \r\n3.\tFully dynamically coupled extreme storm surge and fluvial modelling. \r\n4.\tThe development of a new class of hydraulic model that can be used to convert predictions of rainfall-runoff or coastal extreme water levels to estimates of flood extent and depth at the resolution of LiDAR data (~1 - 2m horizontal resolution) over whole city regions using a true momentum-conserving approach. ",
            "keywords": "NERC, DEMON, NWP, Climate",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109661/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109662/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/109663/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168822/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26471,
            "uuid": "56fd76f7b1524861841140d9aada3502",
            "title": "SADDLEWORTHMOOR FAAM Aircraft Project",
            "abstract": "The SADDLEWORTHMOOR project utilised the FAAM aircraft. The flights for this project sampled the smoke plumes coming off Saddleworth Moor during the moorland fires July 2018.",
            "keywords": "SADDLEWORTHMOOR, FAAM, NCAS",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/9677/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26474/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111256/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111257/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111258/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26485,
            "uuid": "742dfa25db5247c0a4306d297114e87d",
            "title": "Biodiversity and Land Use Impacts on Tropical Forest Ecosystem Function (BALI)",
            "abstract": "Anthropogenic disturbance and land-use change in the tropics is leading to irrevocable changes in biodiversity and substantial shifts in ecosystem biogeochemistry. Yet, we still have a poor understanding of how human-driven changes in biodiversity feed back to alter biogeochemical processes. This knowledge gap substantially restricts our ability to model and predict the response of tropical ecosystems to current and future environmental change. There are a number of critical challenges to our understanding of how changes in biodiversity may alter ecosystem processes in the tropics; namely: (i) how the high taxonomic diversity of the tropics is linked to ecosystem functioning, (ii) how changes in the interactions among trophic levels and taxonomic groups following disturbance impacts upon functional diversity and biogeochemistry, and (iii) how plot-level measurements can be used to scale to whole landscapes. We have formed a consortium to address these critical challenges to launch a large-scale, replicated, and fully integrated study that brings together a multi-disciplinary team with the skills and expertise to study the necessary taxonomic and trophic groups, different biogeochemical processes, and the complex interactions amongst them.\r\n\r\nTo understand and quantify the effects of land-use change on the activity of focal biodiversity groups and how this impacts biogeochemistry, we will: (i) analyse pre-existing data on distributions of focal biodiversity groups; (ii) sample the landscape-scale treatments at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) Project site (treatments include forest degradation, fragmentation, oil palm conversion) and key auxiliary sites (Maliau Basin - old growth on infertile soils, Lambir Hills - old growth on fertile soils, Sabah Biodiversity Experiment - rehabilitated forest, INFAPRO-FACE - rehabilitated forest); and (iii) implement new experiments that manipulate key components of biodiversity and pathways of belowground carbon flux. \r\n\r\nThe manipulations will focus on trees and lianas, mycorrhizal fungi, termites and ants, because these organisms are the likely agents of change for biogeochemical cycling in human-modified tropical forests. We will use a combination of cutting-edge techniques to test how these target groups of organisms interact each other to affect biogeochemical cycling. We will additionally collate and analyse archived data on other taxa, including vertebrates of conservation concern. The key unifying concept is the recognition that so-called 'functional traits' play a key role in linking taxonomic diversity to ecosystem function. We will focus on identifying key functional traits associated with plants, and how they vary in abundance along the disturbance gradient at SAFE. In particular, we propose that leaf functional traits (e.g. physical and chemical recalcitrance, nitrogen content, etc.) play a pivotal role in determining key ecosystem processes and also strongly influence atmospheric composition. Critically, cutting-edge airborne remote sensing techniques suggest it is possible to map leaf functional traits, chemistry and physiology at landscape-scales, and so we will use these novel airborne methods to quantify landscape-scale patterns of forest degradation, canopy structure, biogeochemical cycling and tree distributions. Process-based mathematical models will then be linked to the remote sensing imagery and ground-based measurements of functional diversity and biogeochemical cycling to upscale our findings over disturbance gradients. This project was funded under NERC grant NE/K016253/1",
            "keywords": "biodiversity, Danum  Valley, Borneo",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111312/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111311/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111313/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111314/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111315/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26511,
            "uuid": "ae00040a3c1543e09eb6c4e47297662b",
            "title": "Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)",
            "abstract": "The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration (JAXA) Agency to study rainfall for weather and climate research. The TRMM satellite ended collecting data on April 15, 2015. Launched in late November 1997, with a design lifetime of 3 years, the TRMM satellite produced over 17 years of valuable scientific data. TRMM carried 5 instruments: a 3-sensor rainfall suite (PR, TMI, VIRS) and 2 related instruments (LIS and CERES). TRMM delivered a unique 17-year dataset of global tropical rainfall and lightning. The TRMM dataset became the space standard for measuring precipitation, and led to research that improved our understanding of tropical cyclone structure and evolution, convective system properties, lightning-storm relationships, climate and weather modeling, and human impacts on rainfall. The data also supported operational applications such as flood and drought monitoring and weather forecasting.",
            "keywords": "TRMM, rainfall, tropical",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111400/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111401/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26514,
            "uuid": "32b64be73ea2472c96dd5466b95480a4",
            "title": "Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)",
            "abstract": "The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow. The GPM mission is helping to advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle, improve forecasting of extreme events that cause natural hazards and disasters, and extend current capabilities in using accurate and timely information of precipitation to directly benefit society.",
            "keywords": "GPM, precipitation",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/29993/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111411/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111412/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/205521/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26530,
            "uuid": "f8fbb06b351c465e85ec99ef86f5d616",
            "title": "Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS)",
            "abstract": "Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is a 30+ year quasi-global rainfall dataset. Spanning 50°S-50°N (and all longitudes), starting in 1981 to near-present, CHIRPS incorporates 0.05° resolution satellite imagery with in-situ station data to create gridded rainfall time series for trend analysis and seasonal drought monitoring.",
            "keywords": "CHIRPS, Precipitation, Global",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111457/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111458/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111459/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168831/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26537,
            "uuid": "5c5ebad056d14ce38d6b87b3b80a50e7",
            "title": "Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH)",
            "abstract": "CMORPH (CPC MORPHing technique) produces global precipitation analyses at very high spatial and temporal resolution. This technique uses precipitation estimates that have been derived from low orbiter satellite microwave observations exclusively, and whose features are transported via spatial propagation information that is obtained entirely from geostationary satellite IR data. At present we incorporate precipitation estimates derived from the passive microwaves aboard the DMSP 13, 14 & 15 (SSM/I), the NOAA-15, 16, 17 & 18 (AMSU-B), and AMSR-E and TMI aboard NASA's Aqua and TRMM spacecraft, respectively. These estimates are generated by algorithms of Ferraro (1997) for SSM/I, Ferraro et al. (2000) for AMSU-B and Kummerow et al. (2001) for TMI. Note that this technique is not a precipitation estimation algorithm but a means by which estimates from existing microwave rainfall algorithms can be combined. Therefore, this method is extremely flexible such that any precipitation estimates from any microwave satellite source can be incorporated.",
            "keywords": "CMORPH, rainfall, precipitation",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26630/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111489/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111490/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111491/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168834/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26553,
            "uuid": "93f5cefdd5964305a2c92db5efc64318",
            "title": "Measuring atmospheric marine ice nucleating particles using technologies developed for cryopreservation",
            "abstract": "NERC Grant titled \"Measuring atmospheric marine ice nucleating particles using technologies developed for cryopreservation\". Grant reference NE/M010473/1",
            "keywords": "cryopreservation, atmosphere, freezing rain",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111570/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111571/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111572/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168837/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26554,
            "uuid": "fb3577716c0b4e3ca361089f0f2a74c0",
            "title": "CURB CO2: Carbon Uptake Revisited - Biases Corrected using Ocean Observations",
            "abstract": "CURB CO2: Carbon Uptake Revisited - Biases Corrected using Ocean Observations was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded project (NERC Grant NE/P015042/1). The overarching aim of this project was to provide UK and international governments with the best possible impartial information from which they can plan how best to work towards the global warming targets (the 'Paris Agreement') set at the Paris Climate Conference in December 2015.\r\n\r\nWhen we emit carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere through industrial activity, only around half of that CO2 remains in the atmosphere, with the remainder being taken up approximately equally through photosynthesis by plants on land and being absorbed by the oceans. These anthropogenic CO2 'sinks' are essentially saving us from a large part of the global warming that we would otherwise be experiencing. New evidence suggests that our estimates of how this fraction of CO2 that stays in the atmosphere is changing, and will continue to change, may be too high, meaning that there may be more hope that we can prevent atmospheric CO2 concentrations rising too high than was previously thought.\r\n\r\nWhilst we can estimate how much CO2 we are presently emitting, and can measure the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and therefore work out how strong these sinks are (i.e. how much CO2 they are taking out of the atmosphere), we must calculate how this number will change in the future if we are to determine how much CO2 we can emit as a society without exceeding dangerous CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. This project aimed to give us a better understanding of what this future change in the fraction of CO2 staying in the atmosphere is, by correcting a bias we have identified in the models we use to make these projections.\r\n\r\nThis project made projections of how the land and ocean CO2 sinks may change in the future using increasingly comprehensive Earth System Models (which are climate modes which also contain a representation of additional processes such as the carbon cycle). While these models are the best possible tools to simulate future climate change, they are still far from perfect. In the North Atlantic, which is the most intense ocean CO2 sink, these models underestimate how quickly the CO2 absorption is increasing, and have identified what the models are doing wrong. This project extended this work from the North Atlantic to the full ocean, and by correcting for the biases that cause the models to under-predict this change, produced new and improved future estimates of ocean CO2 absorption.",
            "keywords": "CURB, CO2, Oceans, Biases, NE/P015042/1",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111578/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111579/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111580/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168838/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26558,
            "uuid": "8c1763ce40664a8399b35844b1684df0",
            "title": "A coupled climate-vegetation-mammal-human model for simulating Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions",
            "abstract": "The period 60,000-5,000 years ago saw the extinction of up to a thousand species of large vertebrates ('megafauna') across six continents. Understanding the cause of these extinctions is important for several reasons. It is the most recent substantial extinction event in the geological record; there is a background of detailed knowledge about environmental change against which to view the responses of the mammals; and humans are strongly implicated by many researchers as partial or exclusive causal agents. For all of these reasons, understanding the cause of the extinctions, and the reasons why some species survived while others did not, can provide a unique historical analogue for addressing the current biodiversity crisis. \r\n\r\nThe two main contenders for the megafaunal extinction are vegetation change driven by climate, and hunting by humans, either separately or in combination. Although the extinction was worldwide, we will focus on Europe, northern Asia and North America as these areas have the best data on the distributions and extinction of the mammals. We will first develop computer-based simulations of local climatic conditions across the study area; for the first time climate changes will be modelled on a year-by-year basis over the past 40,000 years. Using this information we will model vegetation types across the entire area. When climate changed, vegetation changed, but our model will be crucially more realistic than previous ones in that we will allow for the lags in vegetational response as plant species expand slowly across large areas (e.g. trees may have taken 1500 years to arrive in northern Europe when climate warmed after a long cold spell). In addition, the model estimates not only the type of vegetation but its productivity, i.e. amount of growth each year, of crucial importance to herbivorous mammals. \r\n\r\nMany of the mammals that went extinct (such as the woolly mammoth and wooly rhinoceros) were grazing species adapted to the productive grasslands of the last glaciation, and the predators that depended on them. Many of those that survived were browsing (woodland) mammals or those of mixed habitats. We will develop, for both victims and survivors, a biological profile for each species including their body weight, reproductive rate, and preferred foods. These will be determined from living relatives and from direct evidence such as wear on fossil teeth that indicates diet. We will also establish their climatic tolerance from the range of climates they occupied in the past.\r\n\r\nAdding the mammal fauna to the modelled climate and vegetation, and running the computer model from 40,000 years ago up to the present, the effect of climate changes on the vegetation, and the effect of both on each mammal species, will be evident. Moreover, the model will include feedback from the feeding activities of the mammals to the structure of the vegetation itself. A final element in the model is the addition of variable levels of human hunting, the distribution of people being determined from known archaeological sites. Analysis of all the data will determine if climatic and vegetational change, with or without the addition of hunting, are sufficient to account for the extinction of some megafauna and survival of others. This will be determined by comparing model results with the known pattern of range changes and extinction based on the fossil record. \r\n\r\nThe vegetation model that we develop would also allow prediction of likely responses to future climatic changes. Similarly, the climate simulations will be applicable to other processes (e.g. the changing extent of arctic permafrost). Our results will be directly relevant to various stakeholders, informing landscape management and biodiversity conservation strategies. We will ensure that they are communicated to such stakeholders, as well as to the scientific community and wider public.\r\n\r\nNERC grant: NE/P002536/1",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111593/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26576,
            "uuid": "0940f94c73bd4a63a7e126b3c23b60ec",
            "title": "IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007 (AR4)",
            "abstract": "The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).\r\n\r\nThe Working Group I contribution describes progress in understanding of the human and natural drivers of climate change, observed climate change, climate processes and attribution, and estimates of projected future climate change.\r\nThe Working Group II contribution assesses current scientific understanding of the impacts of climate change on natural, managed and human systems, the capacity of these systems to adapt and their vulnerability.\r\nThe Working Group III contribution focuses on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of mitigation of climate change.",
            "keywords": "Climate Change, AR4, IPCC, DDC, CMIP3",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/423/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26582/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111698/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111701/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111699/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111700/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26577,
            "uuid": "b244465e39cb4ab7a086e3cab285e619",
            "title": "IPCC Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001 (TAR)",
            "abstract": "The Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).\r\n\r\nThe Working Group I contribution focuses on the science of climate change. It covers the physical climate system, the factors that drive climate change, analyses of past climate and projections of future climate change, and detection and attribution of human influences on recent climate.\r\nThe Working Group II contribution focuses on the environmental, social, and economic consequences of climate change and potential adaptation responses. It covers the sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate change, and the potential impacts and adaptation options at regional and global scales.\r\nThe Working Group III contribution focuses on the mitigation of climate change. It covers the technological and biological options to mitigate climate change, their costs and ancillary benefits, the barriers to their implementation, and policies, measures and instruments to overcome these barriers.",
            "keywords": "climate change, TAR, IPCC, DDC, Third Assessment Report",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26581/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111688/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111690/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/146587/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/146588/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111689/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111759/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111760/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111761/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111762/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26578,
            "uuid": "576c6c9260c84ee2bc23988712665035",
            "title": "IPCC Second Assessment Report: Climate Change 1995 (SAR)",
            "abstract": "The Second Assessment Report (SAR) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).\r\n\r\nThe contribution from Working Group I focuses on the science of climate change. It covers the physical climate system, the factors that drive climate change, analyses of past climate and projections of future climate change, and detection and attribution of human influence on recent climate.\r\nThe contribution from Working Group II focuses on potential impacts of climate change, adaptive responses, and measures that could mitigate future emissions. It covers a wide range of ecological systems and socioeconomic sectors and activities.\r\nThe contribution from Working Group III focuses on the socioeconomic aspects of climate change. It covers the scope of the analysis, decision making under uncertainty, equity issues, intertemporal equity and discounting, applicability of cost and benefit assessments to climate change, social costs of climate change, response options, conceptual issues related to estimating mitigation costs, review of mitigation cost studies, integrated assessment of climate change, and an economic assessment of policy options to address climate change.",
            "keywords": "climate change, SAR, IPCC, DDC, Second Assessment Report",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26580/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/146584/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/146585/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111697/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111691/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111692/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111693/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111694/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111696/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111695/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26579,
            "uuid": "2a88cc098f9c4f1ba44b098972ca49f8",
            "title": "IPCC Fifth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2013 (AR5)",
            "abstract": "The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).\r\n\r\nThe decision to prepare a Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) was taken by the members of the IPCC at its 28th Session (09-10 April 2008, Budapest, Hungary). Following the election of the new IPCC Bureau at the 29th Session of the IPCC (31 August - 04 September 2008, Geneva, Switzerland) and discussions about future IPCC activities at the 30th Session of the IPCC (21-23 April 2009, Antalya, Turkey), a Scoping Meeting was held (13-17 July 2009, Venice, Italy) to develop the scope and outline of the AR5. The resulting outlines for the three Working Group contributions to the AR5 were approved by the 31st Session of the IPCC in Bali (26-29 October 2009).",
            "keywords": "climate change, AR5, IPCC, DDC, CMIP5",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "working",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/25092/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111702/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111704/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111703/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26590,
            "uuid": "202c185a201645ad86f06bfa834f1fca",
            "title": "The South Georgia Wave Experiment (SG-WEX)",
            "abstract": "Gravity waves are an important type of atmospheric wave. They play a key role in many atmospheric processes, ranging from convection to the mixing of chemical species to influencing the global-scale circulation of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Because of this, it is essential to represent their effects in numerical weather prediction and climate models.\r\n\r\nGravity waves are generated by sources including winds blowing over mountains, jet-stream instabilities and strong convection. The waves can transport energy and momentum away from these sources and deposit them at greater heights, thus exerting a significant \"drag\" on the circulation and so coupling together different layers of the atmosphere. \r\n\r\nRecent studies have shown that isolated mountainous islands in regions of strong winds can be intense sources of gravity waves that can have climatologically-significant effects on atmospheric circulation. However, most climate and numerical weather prediction models cannot accurately model waves from such small, intense island sources because the islands are too small compared to the resolution of the models - this is the \"small island problem\". \r\n\r\nThe South Geogia -Wave EXperiment (SG-WEX), was a NERC funded project (grant awards NE/K015117/1, NE/K012614/1 and NE/K012584/1) proposed a major coordinated observational and modelling experiment to determine the nature and impacts of gravity waves generated by the most important of all these islands, South Georgia in the Southern Atlantic. \r\n\r\nThe SG-WEx project sought to answer the following questions:\r\n\r\n1. What is the nature of gravity waves generated by South Georgia and what is their variability?\r\n\r\n2. What is the contribution of these gravity waves to the total field of gravity waves over the South Atlantic?\r\n\r\n3. What is the influence of gravity waves from South Georgia on the mesosphere?\r\n\r\n4. How can these observations be used to improve gravity-wave parametrizations in models?\r\n\r\n5. How important is South Georgia in comparison to other gravity-wave sources and how does it impact local winds and the development of synoptic systems?\r\n\r\nTo answer these questions the project made measurements of gravity waves over and around South Georgia in two radiosondes campaigns in which meteorological balloons were launched from South Georgia. The observations were then placed in context with measurements made by satellite across the whole South Atlantic. Significantly, the project also deploy the first atmospheric radar on South Georgia - a meteor radar that making the first ever measurements of gravity waves (and winds, tides and large-scale planetary waves) in the mesosphere over South Georgia at heights of 80 - 100 km.\r\n\r\nThese experimental results were then complemented by a programme of modelling work that explored the propagation of gravity waves away from their sources. The observations will be used to help guide the development of new, improved, mathematical representations of gravity waves (so-called \"parametrizations\") allowing such islands to be better represented in the Met Office's Unified Model used for numerical weather prediction and climate studies. Finally, modelling studies integrated these studies and determine the relative importance of South Georgia compared to other waves sources and investigate the impact of Gravity waves from South Georgia on local winds and the development of synoptic (weather) systems.\r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\nThe primary academic beneficiaries will be the community of atmospheric scientists who have interests in the structure and dynamics of the middle atmosphere and in understanding how it is coupled to the underlying troposphere.\r\n\r\nNumerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and climate models all rely on parametrizations of gravity waves to produce realistic middle atmospheres. The project's results will help constrain such parametrizations and thus will thus also be of interest to these communities of scientists - including those meteorologists working with NWP models. This work will thus contribute to the broader activities of weather prediction and climate-change prediction which benefits society at large.",
            "keywords": "meteor radar",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27283/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/29893/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/114038/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111742/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111743/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111744/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111741/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111745/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111752/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111753/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26591,
            "uuid": "8be2fc2d57974c61be7a185f33f15765",
            "title": "DRAGON-WEX: The Drake Passage and Southern Ocean Wave Experiment",
            "abstract": "Gravity waves are atmospheric waves that can be generated by winds blowing over mountains, storms, unstable jet streams and strong convection. As the waves ascend from their sources in the lower atmosphere, into the stratosphere and mesosphere, they transport momentum in a \"momentum flux\". When the waves become unstable they \"break\", rather like ocean surface waves breaking on a beach. This acts to transfer their momentum into the atmosphere, exerting a \"drag force\" that dramatically influences the global atmospheric circulation. \r\n\r\nComputer General Circulation Models (GCMs) used for numerical weather prediction and climate research must represent these waves realistically if they are to predict the behaviour of the real atmosphere. \r\n\r\nHowever, the GCMs display \"biases\" in which the behaviour they predict does not match that revealed by observations. The largest biases in nearly all GCMs occur in the winter and springtime Antarctic stratosphere. There, they produce a polar region, the \"polar vortex\", that when compared to observations, is too cold by 5-10 K, has winds that are too strong by about 10 m/s and that persists some 2-3 weeks too long into spring before it breaks up. These significant biases are known as the \"cold pole\" problem. \r\n\r\nIt is now realised that the biases arise because the GCMs are missing large amounts of gravity-wave flux that must occur in the real atmosphere at latitudes near 60 degrees S. These latitudes include the stormy Southern Ocean and the Drake Passage. However, the nature, sources, variability and fluxes of these \"missing\" waves are currently very uncertain.\r\n\r\nIn DRAGON-WEX (DRake pAssaGe sOuthern oceaN - Wave EXperiment, supported through NERC grant awards NE/R001391/1 and NE/R001235/1) use was made of satellites, radiosondes and radars to directly measure the waves over the Southern Ocean and Drake Passage near 60 S, determine their properties and investigate their role in coupling together the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere.  The project's results will thus help resolve the cold pole problem.\r\n\r\nThe project applied a very powerful novel 3D method the project had developed for analysing satellite data. With their method, they could detect individual gravity waves in the stratosphere in 3D and measure their momentum fluxes. Importantly, because it is a fully 3D method they could do this without needing the assumptions that critically limit earlier 1D and 2D methods. The project used their method to identify an estimated 100,000 individual gravity waves near 60 S. \r\n\r\nThe project sought to combine the satellite observations with measurements of gravity waves made by radiosondes (\"weather balloons\") and radars to characterise the \"missing\" gravity waves, determining their short-term and seasonal variability and investigate their sources - in particular, the contributions made to the waves by the mountains of the Southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula, storms over the Southern Ocean/Drake Passage, unstable jet streams and by waves propagating into the 60 S region from latitudes to the North or South.\r\n\r\nThe project also sought to use a unique combination of meteor radars, one in the Antarctic and a new radar on the remote mountainous island of South Georgia to measure the winds, waves and tides of the mesosphere. The project also sought to determine the degree to which fluctuations in the waves they measured in the stratosphere drive the variability of the mesosphere and, in particular, the role of waves in driving anomalous events recently observed at heights near 90 km in the polar mesosphere, when the Northward winds of the general circulation appeared to briefly cease and when the occurrence frequency of polar mesospheric clouds was greatly reduced. \r\n\r\nThey used meteor radars on the island of South Georgia and at Rothera in the Antarctic to investigate recent suggestions that waves generated by mountains can propagate to heights of 90 km or more - effectively the edge of space. \r\n\r\nFinally, in Pathways to Impact the project worked closely with the Met Office to use the project's results to test and improve their Unified Model GCM.",
            "keywords": "gravity waves, meteor radar",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27283/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/29894/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111746/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111747/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111748/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111749/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111750/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111751/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26610,
            "uuid": "363d3b6833084bca91621e62e19b2ea9",
            "title": "Climate Communication Project",
            "abstract": "The Climate Communication Project aimed to provide the 'infrastructure' to ensure that efforts to engage the public on climate change are coordinated, effective and based on the most up-to-date evidence from academic studies and tried-and-tested practitioner expertise. The project team included internationally recognised specialists on public engagement, high profile science communicators and a blend of climate science, social science and communications expertise. Using our networks and experience, we ensured that the Climate Consortium was a inclusive one year programme, producing evidence-based but accessible resources to catalyse public engagement with climate change at a national scale.\r\n \r\nNERC grant:  NE/R011974/1",
            "keywords": "Climate Consortium, questionnaire, climate change, attitude",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111847/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111848/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111849/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26624,
            "uuid": "b300a691d60c49f2820a4e45ccd9fba3",
            "title": "ATSR Satellite Dataset Project supported by DECC/BEIS",
            "abstract": "This project covered UK supporting activities relating to the ATSR Satellite Datasets for the period 2014-2017, and was funded by the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) (later the UK Dept. for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS)).",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111888/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111889/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/129745/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/129746/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111890/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26626,
            "uuid": "fc6b1773c9874b27b334f8446c808d11",
            "title": "Southern OceaN optimal Approach To Assess the carbon state, variability and climatic drivers (SONATA)",
            "abstract": "The Southern Ocean (SO) is the most exciting and extreme region of the world ocean, with the strongest winds, coldest temperatures, and most intense storms. It is believed also to be among the largest 'sink' for atmospheric CO2, accounting for about one third of the uptake of CO2 by the global ocean and nearly one tenth of the global emissions of CO2 on average each year. Thus the evolution of the SO carbon sink has the potential to alter the rate and extent of climate change.\r\n\r\nIn spite of its importance, we don't know the state, variability, or climatic drivers of the contemporary SO carbon sink and there is much controversy over its recent evolution. The climate of the SO has been changing over recent decades: in particular, winds have intensified, (attributed in part to the depletion of stratospheric ozone and in part to increasing temperature gradients arising from climate change), ocean acidification is occurring, and there is a long term decline in krill stocks. These effects take place on top of large natural variability and poorly quantified climatic trends.\r\n\r\nSONATA will achieve a step change in our understanding of the contemporary SO carbon sink by delivering new data and new insights, integrating observations from the ocean, from the atmosphere, and model results. We will develop three complementary streams of research, an 'Oceanic', an 'Atmospheric', and a 'Processes and drivers' view, and will bring them together using advanced mathematical frameworks to provide a single assessment with multiple constraints and reduction of uncertainties.\r\n\r\nThe Oceanic view will use existing and new observations of ocean carbon. We will undertake a new calibration experiment to better assess the large number of pH measurements now being made by about 200 sophisticated profiling floats introduced by the US SOCCOM programme. These have the potential to greatly increase the number of observations that can be used to calculate air-sea CO2 fluxes, but only if adequately calibrated. In addition we will develop and use a new technique to construct estimates of the seasonal and temporal evolution of the air-sea flux, using a model of the upper water column constrained with available hydrographic and carbon-system observations. \r\n\r\nThe Atmospheric view will collect new atmospheric CO2 data in remote SO locations comprising Halley Station (75S), the Falkland Islands (51S), and aboard the BAS research ship James Clark Ross; new atmospheric O2 data will come from a ship track that repeats a SO transect every 8 weeks, as well as from Halley Station in coastal Antarctica. Using these data and an inverse framework approach, SONATA will provide an independent assessment of the SO carbon sink, which will deliver particularly on the geographic distribution of the changes, with O2 data helping to inform the drivers.\r\n\r\nThe Processes and drivers view will use two climate-scale carbon models and a series of hindcast simulations to identify the relative contributions of (a) atmospheric CO2 concentration, (b) natural climate variability, (c) climate change, and (d) stratospheric ozone depletion to recent SO carbon trends and variability. Ocean and atmosphere observations, including new data from SONATA and SOCCOM, will be used to optimise the model and validate the results. Idealised forcing with climate models will provide the 'fingerprints' of climatic drivers that are needed to understand the observed patterns of change.\r\n\r\nFinally the three streams of research will be integrated using a Bayesian fusion mathematical approach that considers the strengths and weaknesses of each stream of information and minimises the joint uncertainty. The SO ocean carbon sink will be assessed annually in this way. We will then test the added value of including new streams of observations in the future, including from floats, gliders, drifters, Autonomous Surface Vehicles, additional ground-based observations and satellite CO2 data.\r\n\r\nGrant Ref: NE/P021417/1",
            "keywords": "SONATA, Carbon dioxide, BAS, Antarctica, Halley",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27293/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111891/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111892/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/111893/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/178005/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168848/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26671,
            "uuid": "cbc0a0a5b2104ec996957fb5a39edee8",
            "title": "Dynamical drivers of the local wind regime in a Himalayan valley",
            "abstract": "This project is part of the Cambridge Earth System Science DTP: Multi-disciplinary studies of the solid Earth, its atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and biosphere (NE/L002507/1).",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26675/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112189/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112190/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168855/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26676,
            "uuid": "e5268077a3a949b19459c0a0a1c52e43",
            "title": "GCRF African Science for Weather Information and Forecasting Techniques (African SWIFT)",
            "abstract": "The GCRF African Science for Weather Information and Forecasting Techniques (GCRF African-SWIFT) programme aims to develop a sustainable research capability in tropical weather forecasting which will enhance the livelihood of African populations and improve the economies of their countries. Improved forecasts will address key aspects of the UK Aid strategy. The results will be translatable beyond the partner countries to other nations of Africa and the developing world more widely. In order to improve African weather prediction, fundamental scientific research is needed, in the physics of tropical weather systems, evaluation and presentation of complex model and satellite data, and communication and exploitation of forecasts. The programme will develop research capability to yield ongoing forecasting improvements in the coming decades.\r\n\r\nThe overall aims of the project are to:\r\n\r\nI. \tMake research advances needed for significant improvements in weather forecasts in Africa, and the tropics more generally, from the hourly to the seasonal timescale.\r\nII.\tBuild capability among UK and African partners to improve, maintain and evaluate operational tropical forecasts in future.\r\nIII.\tAssist African partners in developing capacity for sustained training of forecasters, in partnership with African academic institutions and international agencies.\r\n\r\nOur strategy to increase research capability with societal impact is to build upon existing partnerships between forecasting centres and universities within four partner countries  (Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and Kenya) and within the UK. In-country partnerships combine the strengths of academic and operational perspectives and provide sustainability. The project is embedded within the long-term structures and strategies for international coordination for the region. Specifically, our programme addresses the aims of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO; project partner).\r\n\r\nThe potential applications and benefits are:\r\n\r\nA.\tNew research capability in observing, modelling and evaluating forecasts of tropical high-impact weather;\r\nB.\tRobust networks of African scientists with capability to advance the science in this field, and pull the science through into operational impact;\r\nC.\tSignificant improvements in weather forecasts, as evaluated using tested methods;\r\nD.\tNew forecasting tools used operationally for short-term (0-120h) and S2S prediction;\r\nE.\tSignificant impact on the regional strategy for provision of user-focussed, quality-controlled weather forecasts, as overseen by the WMO;\r\nF.\tMore effective use of weather forecasts to the benefit of African people and nations.\r\n\r\nNERC Reference : NE/P021077/1",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "publicationState": "preview",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112220/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26683,
            "uuid": "70b2a6b0163747778ee85b4f7f86d8c0",
            "title": "Weighing Trees with Lasers",
            "abstract": "Measuring the volume and structure of a tree accurately allows us to calculate the total above-ground carbon (C) stored in the tree, a very important property. Trees remove CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and can store this C for decades or even centuries until the tree dies, when some of it is released back to the atmosphere through decomposition. Tropical forests store around half of all above-ground terrestrial C, but are at particular risk due to deforestation and degradation, as well as from changing rainfall and temperature patterns. Surprisingly, our knowledge of tropical forest C stocks is quite poor, and errors in these stocks are large and uncertain. This uncertainty feeds into estimates of CO2 emissions due to deforestation, degradation and land use change. We will address this major uncertainty in the terrestrial C cycle by deploying a new, NERC-funded terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to scan 1000s of trees in tropical forests on three continents: Amazonia, the Congo Basin and SE Asia. The laser data will allow us to measure 3D tree volume and biomass non-destructively to within a few percent of the best current estimates, made by destructive harvesting and weighing. The current, large uncertainties arise because weighing a tree is extremely difficult: tropical trees may be over 50m tall, and weigh 100 tonnes or more. Harvesting also precludes revisiting trees over time to measure change. In practice, a small sample of trees that have been harvested and weighed are related to easy-to-measure parameters of diameter and height, using empirical 'allometric' (size-to-mass) relationships. These relationships are then used to translate diameter and height measurements made over wider areas into estimates of biomass. Allometry is also the only way to infer biomass at very large (pan-tropical) scales, from remote sensing measurements. Unfortunately, the sample of harvested trees underpinning global allometric relationships is geographically limited, and contains very few large trees. Current estimates of tropical forest C stocks from satellite and ground data, all based on these very limited allometry samples, diverge significantly in size and pattern, leading to heated debate as to why this should be.\r\n\r\nThe project hopes to settle this debate, given that our lidar-derived estimates of biomass are completely independent of allometry and unbiased in terms of tree size. We will 'weigh' more trees than are currently included in all global pan-tropical allometries and quantify uncertainty in the allometry models. We will also test assumptions made in allometric models regarding tree shape and wood density. Our measurements will also answer fundamental questions about geographical differences in structural characteristics across tropical forests. Our data will be vital for testing new estimates of biomass from remote sensing; the UK-led ESA BIOMASS RADAR and NASA GEDI laser missions will both estimate pan-tropical C stocks by relying on allometric relationships between forest height and biomass. Our work will feed into these two missions through long-standing collaborations with the lead scientists. More generally, the large number of tree measurements we will collect would be of great interest to researchers in tropical ecology, forestry, biodiversity, remote sensing and C mapping, among others.\r\n\r\nA key aim of the project is to ensure the widest use of our results, by making our data and tools publicly available. We will work with partners to explore routes for commercial developments and input into government policy, particularly relating to forest management and C mapping and mitigation. Lastly, we will make our work accessible through a range of outreach activities, including developing links between a school in the Amazon and UK schools, to raise awareness of scientific, conservation and policy issues surrounding tropical forests.\r\n\r\nThis project was funded by NERC through grant: NE/N00373X/1",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26677/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/212042/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/213194/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/213195/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/213196/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26702,
            "uuid": "b337af73eb8b4e3eb049af8375ce4ae8",
            "title": "HyCRISTAL:  Integrating Hydro-Climate Science into Policy Decisions for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure and Livelihoods in East Africa",
            "abstract": "HyCRISTAL is a project funded under the NERC/DFID Programme 'Future Climate for Africa' to improve the understanding of climate change and its impacts in East Africa, working with the region’s decision-makers to manage water for a more climate-resilient future (NERC grant number: NE/M020452/1)\r\n\r\nHyCRISTAL focuses on East Africa; a rapidly developing region where, close to the equator, there are two rainy seasons per year, but includes areas which have a single dominant rainy season. The socio-economic focus region is the area of the East African Community states (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda), but the project addresses a wider region including Somalia and Ethiopia. HyCRISTAL is supported by the East African Community and is linked to the World Meteorological Office GWEX programme project HyVic.\r\n\r\nDriven by East African priorities, the overarching goal of HyCRISTAL is to develop a new understanding of East African climate variability and change, their impacts, and to work with regional decision makers to support effective long-term (5 to 40 year) decision making in the face of a changing climate. In particular, it is designed to understand, quantify and reduce the uncertainty in the regional climate projections; and in collaboration with a range of stakeholders, co-develop climate-change coping options that meet the region’s societal needs in both urban and rural areas through a series of pilot demonstration projects, covering urban WASH, rural livelihoods, water management, tea production, transport and lake levels (see “Pilot Studies’). HyCRISTAL’s overarching goal will be achieved through the following specific objectives:\r\n\r\n - Quantify the projections of decision-relevant quantities from state-of-the-art climate models, and their uncertainties due to model formulation and due to unknown aerosol-emission and land-use scenarios.\r\n - Determine the processes most relevant to 5-40 year East African predictions, including the effects of convection-dynamics coupling missing in all Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models, and evaluate their role in models, to quantify the trustworthiness of their projections.\r\n    Generate cross-level interactions to foster engagement of key stakeholders/decision-makers throughout the research process, to enable appropriate use of water, sanitation and livelihoods planning tools.\r\n - Improve critical knowledge of water availability as well as current and future risks from high-impact hydrological events based on the new understanding of future climate.\r\n - Translate scientific understanding into appropriate water management and livelihood planning tools to enable decision-makers to assess the risk to infrastructure and livelihoods from climate change and to support the development of adaptation strategies.\r\n - Evaluate new tools and integrated governance mechanisms in pilots, developing livelihood benefits within targeted urban and rural communities.\r\n - Deliver a comprehensive dissemination and knowledge-sharing campaign to share evidence and tools with local decision-makers through to national and regional policy-makers.",
            "keywords": "DFID, ODA, International Development, Hydrology, Africa",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112349/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/116097/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/116096/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112350/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112365/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/116098/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112666/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26912,
            "uuid": "a6114f2319b34a58964dfa5305652fc6",
            "title": "IMPALA: Improving model processes for African climate",
            "abstract": "IMPALA (Improving Model Processes for African cLimAte) was a project funded under the NERC/DFID Programme, Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) (Grant Number: NE/M017265/1).\r\n\r\nIMPALAs goal was to deliver a step change in global model climate prediction for Africa on the 5-40 year timescale by delivering reductions in model systematic errors, resulting in reduced uncertainty in predictions of African climate and enabling improved assessment of the robustness of multi-model projections for the continent. IMPALAs key foci has been on continental convection and land-atmosphere coupling as fundamental drivers of local rainfall, and oceanic convection and aerosols as influencing global modes of variability and the teleconnection pathways by which they drive rainfall over various parts of the continent.\r\n\r\nAs part of its output, IMPALA has delivered ground-breaking, pan-Africa kilometre scale (4.4km grid spacing) convective permitting regional climate simulations for 10 historical years and 10 end of century years; these are known as CP4-Africa (Stratton et al, 2018). For direct comparison there are parallel runs at 25km with the convective parameterization switched on (P25). Data from these runs have, and continue to be, extensively analysed by FCFA scientists, but a subset of the most frequently used data is being made publically available by CEDA.\r\n\r\nGrant Ref: NE/M017265/1",
            "keywords": "IMPALA, NE/M017265/1",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112955/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112956/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112958/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/112957/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 26972,
            "uuid": "033e1d014cfb46d7859454d4b2c0fd79",
            "title": "The Co-Ordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)",
            "abstract": "The vision of the CORDEX  program is to enhance and coordinate the science and application of regional climate downscaling through global partnerships.\r\nThe program is sponsored by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to organise an internationally coordinated framework to produce improved regional climate change projections for all land regions world-wide. The CORDEX-results will serve as input for climate change impact and adaptation studies.\r\nThe CORDEX regional downscaling domains include: South America, North America, Africa, Europe, East Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, Australasia, Antarctica, Arctic.\r\nCORDEX data are also available from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF).",
            "keywords": "CORDEX, Regional Climate Downscaling, climate change impact, climate change adaptation",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/identifiers/10210/?format=api"
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/26980/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27050/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27065/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27127/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27129/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27131/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27136/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27142/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27147/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27163/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/19200/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113259/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113258/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113179/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113261/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113270/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113180/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 27022,
            "uuid": "bdf2bea40e1e4c7fb9800d909aeb0703",
            "title": "Iodide in the ocean:distribution and impact on iodine flux and ozone loss",
            "abstract": "Iodide in the ocean:distribution and impact on iodine flux and ozone loss is a NERC funded project (NE/N009983/1) which aimed to quantify the dominant controls on the sea surface iodide distribution and improve parameterisation of the sea-to-air iodine flux and of ozone deposition. This was achieved through a combination of laboratory experiments, field measurements and ocean and atmospheric modelling.",
            "keywords": "NE/N009983/1, Iodide, Ocean, Model, NERC",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113280/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113282/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113281/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168862/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 27029,
            "uuid": "53b85dae5ef94d24a25db11176db7bcb",
            "title": "Radar Applications in Northern Scotland (RAINS)",
            "abstract": "The Radar Applications in Northern Scotland (RAINS) was a collaboration between the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), the University of Leeds and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The aim of the project was to collect high spatial and temporal resolution observations of precipitation over the Inverness and Moray Firth area and assess the benefits for flood forecasting. \r\n\r\nRAINS was funded by SEPA.",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113296/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113297/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113298/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/182381/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 27037,
            "uuid": "f4dbd99ad3634e64bb45ed6af216086a",
            "title": "Operation Weather Rescue",
            "abstract": "Operation Weather Rescue was a project set up to digitise meteorological observations recorded at weather stations across Europe. 1.8 million lost weather records have been 'rescued' with the help from over 2000 volunteer citizen scientists, including data from Ben Nevis and Fort William between 1883 and 1904.",
            "keywords": "Operation Weather Rescue, Ben Nevis, Meteorlogy",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/28048/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113312/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113326/?format=api"
            ]
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 27196,
            "uuid": "ae7896a121374cd38eefbf40a7bc7ddd",
            "title": "Taking forward the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) resolution: Pilot to determine the air quality drivers for Sub-Saharan Africa",
            "abstract": "This pilot project, AQD-Nairobi, was designed to integrate low and high temporal resolution low-cost air quality (AQ) measurements to determine AQ drivers in Nairobi and be an exemplar scientific study for sub-Saharan Africa.",
            "keywords": "NE/P008453/1, Air Quality, Sub-Saharan Africa, Nairobi, AQD",
            "status": "completed",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "identifier_set": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/observationcollections/27197/?format=api"
            ],
            "parentProject": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/projects/877/?format=api",
            "subProject": [],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113864/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113865/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/113866/?format=api",
                "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v2/rpis/168866/?format=api"
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        }
    ]
}