Get a list of Observation objects.

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                    "abstract": "'Give me a tree and I'll read climate history' is the basic premise of dendrochronology, and to a large extent is perfectly true. Each ring within a tree represents one year of growth and contains within it a record of the prevailing environmental conditions. Trees can thus be age dated, and used as a record of climate change through ring-width analysis and chemical composition. \r\n\r\nHowever, chemical interpretations of the nutrient chemistry within each ring have often been subject to much criticism. The basic premise that nutrients which are taken up by the tree are encapsulated to represent environmental conditions for that particular year, is true only for elements which are immobilised from further biological transport accross the width of the tree.\r\n\r\nWe now think we have found such an element which is fixed within the woody tissues during growth and can be used with certainty for environmental reconstruction - this element is sulphur. \r\n\r\nThat sulphur should be the element which is fixed within the annual growth rings is fortuitous given its key role in modulating climate and fantastic potential as an environmental diagnostic tool. The injection of sulphur aerosol into the atmosphere is a key determinant of climate through backscattering and absorption of radiation, and has long been a concern for terrestrial ecology, causing widespread acidification of catchments upon deposition. \r\n\r\nTwo of the key sources of sulphur aerosol injected into the atmosphere are from volcanic and industrial emissions. Both sources can be readily distinguished from background inputs using concentrations and stable isotopes, rendering the sulphur isotopic content of palaeoarchives to be perhaps one of the most important diagnostic elemental signatures available.\r\n \r\nWhilst the sulphur isotopic content of ice cores has been extensively exploited, the more localised archives such as speleothems and tree rings have largely remained beyond the reach of climate change scientists and we have yet to discover many of the secrets they harbour. \r\n\r\nWhilst we have initiated and had excellent success with extracting the sulphur record from speleothems, we believe trees will behave as a much more sensitive, readily available record of local atmospheric change over the past millenium. We believe we are now in a position to conduct an intensive research programme to extract the sulphur isotopic composition of trees and forge ahead with the development of such an important local indicator of sulphur forcing and atmospheric change.\r\n\r\nThis project is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for one and a half year from September 2010 to May 2012 (NERC Reference: NE/H012257/1).\r\n"
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                    "abstract": "Sulphur is an element which is fixed within the woody tissues during growth and can be used with certainty for environmental reconstruction.\r\n\r\nThat sulphur should be the element which is fixed within the annual growth rings is fortuitous given its key role in modulating climate and fantastic potential as an environmental diagnostic tool. The injection of sulphur aerosol into the atmosphere is a key determinant of climate through backscattering and absorption of radiation, and has long been a concern for terrestrial ecology, causing widespread acidification of catchments upon deposition. \r\n\r\nHistorical sulphur concentration and isotopic values obtained from tree cores in Italy and in the UK are presented, spanning the period 1840-2012.\r\n\r\nThis work was funded by NERC (grant NE/H012257/1).\r\n"
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            "abstract": "The Quantifying the Amazon Isoprene Budget: Reconciling Top-down versus Bottom-up Emission Estimates project produced a unique high resolution model (GEOS-Chem version v8-03-01 - with modifications) for the Amazon, which simulated isoprene emissions and atmospheric chemistry. \r\n\r\nFormaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column measurements from the Scanning\r\nImaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) and\r\nOzone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and a nested-grid version of the GEOS-Chem\r\nchemistry transport model, are used to infer an ensemble of top-down isoprene emission estimates\r\nfrom tropical South America during 2006, using different model configurations and\r\nassumptions in the HCHO air-mass factor (AMF) calculation. Scenes affected by biomass\r\nburning are removed on a daily basis using fire count observations, and the local\r\nmodel sensitivity was used to identify locations where the impact of spatial smearing is small,\r\nthough this comprises spatial coverage over the region\r\n\r\nResults of this project are presented in the following publication:\r\n\r\nBarkley, M. P., et al. (2013), Top-down isoprene emissions over tropical South America inferred from SCIAMACHY and OMI formaldehyde columns, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 6849–6868, doi:10.1002/jgrd.5055\r\n\r\nand model outputs associated to this project are archived at CEDA.\r\n\r\nThis was a NERC funded project.",
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                    "abstract": "The NERC-funded HiTemp project was conducted by the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory (BUCL) research team to examine Birmingham's Urban Heat Island (UHI). The project operated a high density air temperature-sensor network  and will lead to a number of research projects examining Birmingham's UHI in more detail than ever-before possible.\r\n\r\nThe long-term aim of the HiTemp project was to identify, model and promote adaptation to the impacts of urban heat and climate change on the people and infrastructure of major conurbations (i.e. health, society, infrastructure and energy).\r\n\r\nHiTemp installed networks of meteorological sensors within the Birmingham conurbation: Approximately 250 low-cost, battery-powered WiFi air temperature sensors (Figure 2) and 30 full automatic weather stations (AWS), measuring temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, solar radiation. The design was based around a nested network of sensors:\r\n\r\n    Network 1 (coarse array): 30 AWS sited in primary electricity sub-stations (average spacing of 3km)\r\n    Network 2 (wide array): 150 air temperature sensors located on schools (one in every medium super output area (MSOA), or areas containing a population of 7,200)\r\n    Network 3 (fine array): 100 air temperature sensors located on lampposts in the CBD (50/km2)\r\n\r\nBoth of the air temperature sensor networks utilise existing WiFi networks (i.e. school and public WiFi networks), whilst the AWS network will utilise either GPRS or wired internet connections. The project will ultimately provide a series of demonstration sensor networks for measuring air temperature and other meteorological parameters.\r\n\r\nIndustrial project partners include Birmingham City Council, who are interested in assessing heat health risk across Birmingham; E.ON/Western Power, who are interested in examining the impacts of heat and climate change on transformers; Campbell Scientific, who are supplying some of the meteorological equipment; and Aginova, who are developing and supplying the bespoke WiFi air temperature sensor."
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                    "abstract": "The NERC-funded HiTemp project was conducted by the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory (BUCL) research team to examine Birmingham's Urban Heat Island (UHI). The project operated a high density air temperature-sensor network and has lead to a number of research projects examining Birmingham's UHI in more detail than ever-before possible.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection  temperature, dew point, relative humidity, pressure, solar radiation, precipitation, wind and hail measurements from a high density network of meteorological sensors installed within the Birmingham conurbation. This includes 73 Aginova Sentinel Micro air temperature sensors and 25 Vaisala WXT520 weather transmitters between 2012-14.\r\n\r\nThese measurements have been made by the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory (BUCL) for the HiTemp (High Density Measurements within the Urban Environment) project in order to study the Birmingham Urban Heat Island (UHI)"
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                    "abstract": "The Greenland Flow Distortion experiment (GFDex) is an international fieldwork and modelling-based project to investigate the role that Greenland plays in distorting atmospheric flow over and around it: affecting local and remote weather systems and, via air-sea interaction processes, the coupled climate system."
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                    "abstract": "The Greenland Flow Distortion EXperiment, based in Keflavik, Iceland, took place during February 2007. Its aim was to improve the understanding and ability to predict interactions between the atmospheric circulation and the topography of Greenland, both locally and downstream over Western Europe. Hitherto rare in situ observations of high-impact weather systems and their associated air-sea fluxes in the coastal seas of Greenland, were obtained and will be used to improve the numerical modelling and prediction of these weather systems, and thus improve the quality of the atmospheric forcing fields that are essential for accurate atmosphere-ocean coupling and the thermohaline circulation. These measurements will also be used to improve the numerical modelling and prediction of high-impact weather systems over Europe through the use of targeted observations upstream in sensitive areas of the flow.\r\n\r\nThis project investigates the role of Greenland in defining the structure and the predictability of both local and downstream weather systems, through a programme of aircraft-based observation and numerical modelling. The Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (GFDex) will provide some of the first detailed in situ observations of the intense atmospheric forcing events that are thought to be important in modifying the ocean in this area (but are presently poorly understood): namely tip jets, barrier winds and mesoscale cyclones. Tip jets form at the southern tip of Greenland, at Cape Farewell, through the forcing of flow over and around the topography. Barrier winds occur when the large-scale flow is piled up against the southeast coast of Greenland, forcing winds parallel to the coast. While located off this southeast coast is an area of frequent mesoscale cyclogenesis. GFDex will also investigate Greenlands role in atmospheric flow predictability by carrying out upstream observations that are targeted at investigating the sensitivity of the downstream flow to the details of the upstream flow and at improving subsequent forecasts over Europe. Greenlands flow distortion can trigger large-scale atmospheric Rossby waves which influence weather systems thousands of kilometres away and several days later. These waves are by nature predictable, so by adapting our observing strategy to target specific areas, improvements in subsequent forecasts over the United Kingdom are possible.\r\n\r\nNumerical modelling experiments after the field campaign will be used to assess any improvements from the additional targeted observations. While further numerical modelling studies of the high impact local weather systems will be evaluated and refined using the aircraft-based observations. This will increase our understanding of these systems and, through comparisons with other observations and data sets, provide accurate fields of air-sea heat and moisture fluxes for driving ocean and climate models."
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            "abstract": "The ESA Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (ESA SST CCI) dataset accurately maps the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1991 to 2010, using observations from many satellites. The data provides an independently quantified SST to a quality suitable for climate research.\r\n\r\nThe ESA SST CCI Analysis Long Term Product consists of daily, spatially complete fields of sea surface temperature (SST), obtained by combining the orbit data from the AVHRR and ATSR ESA SST CCI Long Term Products, using optimal interpolation to provide SSTs where there were no measurements.  These data cover the period between 09/1991 and 12/2010.\r\n\r\nThe Version 1.1  data is an update of the Version 1.0 dataset.\r\n\r\nVersion 1.0 of this dataset is cited in: Merchant, C. J., Embury, O., Roberts-Jones, J., Fiedler, E., Bulgin, C. E., Corlett, G. K., Good, S., McLaren, A., Rayner, N., Morak-Bozzo, S. and Donlon, C. (2014), Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI). Geoscience Data Journal. doi: 10.1002/gdj3.20",
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                "volume": 526836,
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                "ob_id": 432,
                "startTime": "1991-09-30T23:00:00",
                "endTime": "1992-04-29T23:00:00"
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                "explanation": "Research data",
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                "title": "EASOE: Ozonesondes measurements at Hautepro",
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                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE)",
                    "abstract": "An EC measurement campaign undertaken in the Northern Hemisphere winter of 1991-92 to study ozone chemistry and dynamics. The data from the campaign has been made available on CD-ROM by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)."
                }
            ],
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                    "title": "European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE): Airborne and Ground-Station Measurements of Meteorological Parameters",
                    "abstract": "The European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE) was undertaken in the northern winter of 1991-92 to study the processes in the Arctic which lead to ozone destruction and their connection with reduced ozone at northern mid-latitudes. The data from the campaign has been made available on CD-ROM by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). The CDs are held at the BADC.\r\n\r\nThis two CD-ROM set contains measurements made from 16 ground stations throughout Europe, flights made by the three aircraft involved in the campaign, numerous stratospheric balloons launched from Kiruna in northern Sweden and from ozonesondes from 28 European stations. In addition data from the total ozone monitoring network are included.\r\n\r\nThe parameters measured include concentrations of ozone and the members of the chlorine and nitrogen families which are involved in the photochemical destruction of ozone, aerosol and PSC extinctions and meteorological parameters used to study transport into and out of the polar vortex.\r\n\r\nThe EASOE campaign coincided with the NASA AASE-II aircraft campaign and this dataset is also available from the BADC."
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