Observation List
Get a list of Observation objects.
GET /api/v3/observations/?format=api&offset=3000
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The project was led by Professor Rod Jones of the University of Cambridge and ran from 2008 - 2012.\r\n\r\nThe project sought to build on the significant and increasing body of evidence that night time chemistry, driven primarily by the nitrate radical NO3, plays a significant role in governing the composition of the troposphere. Recent findings show that very high concentrations of NO3 are present away from the Earth's surface. In polluted environments, the main sinks are abundant but this is also where its formation may be most rapid and hence the NO3 turnover time is very fast. The importance of this behaviour is not as yet clearly understood, yet it may have a very large impact on atmospheric chemistry and ozone formation, regional transport and transformation of oxidised nitrogen and hence acidification and eutrophication, and may also significantly add to the regional burden of ammonium nitrate particulate, which has increasing climatic importance. To understand and predict these phenomena correctly there is a need to quantify the basic chemical processes controlling NO3 and its removal from the atmosphere; the impact of NO3 chemistry on volatile organic carbon chemistry and as a pathway for radical formation and propagation; its heterogeneous chemistry and its impact on the aerosol burden and composition; its influence on ozone formation on regional and global scales and its mediation of the atmospheric lifecycle of oxidised nitrogen.\r\n\r\nThe RONOCO project sought to address these coupled questions using a combined programme of instrument development, airborne measurement, detailed process modelling, and regional and global modelling. 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These campaign data are available along with model output from the Met Office's Air Quality Unified Model (AQUM). The scientific objectives of RONOCO were to determine the morphology of tropospheric NO3 in different meteorological conditions and seasons, and in a range of gas phase and aerosol environments, in order to quantify the key processes and pathways of oxidized nitrogen chemistry at night in the troposphere. The ultimate aim was to assess the pervasiveness and importance of night time chemical processes, and in particular NO3, for UK regional and Western European air quality, eutrophication, and ultimately to quantify its linkages to climate change.\r\n\r\nThe dataset contains images from the model output in png format." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. 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The aim of the aircraft work is to provide quality controlled in-situ measurements for the ADIENT project concerning UK and EU anthropogenic aerosol composition, microphysics and radiative properties and radiative impact.\r\n\r\nThe ADIENT project is part of the APPRAISE (Aerosol Properties, PRocesses And Influences on the Earth's climate) thematic programme of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). Its aim is to understand and quantify how aerosols affect the Earth's radiation budget, by scattering and/or absorbing radiation, influence clouds, and hence indirectly affect climate and the hydrological cycle, and contribute to feedback processes between land, the biosphere and climate.\r\n\r\nRelated FAAM BAE-146 flights:\r\n\r\nManchester: Aerosol Mass Spectrometer : b333, b334, b335, b355, b356, b357, b362,b363, b364,b365, b366, b367, b368, b369, b370, b371, b372, b373, b374, b379, b380, b401,b402,b406 \r\n\r\nManchester:Single Particle Soot Photometer : b355, b356, b357.\r\n\r\nData have also been collected for the project by the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR)on the Envisat satellite, and by the Along Track Scanning Radiometer, Version 2 (ATSR 2) on the European Remote Sensing satellite 2 (ERS-2)." }, { "ob_id": 14834, "uuid": "b38e4178d70249e89f0b25cc65909c32", "short_code": "proj", "title": "EUCAARI-LONGREX (European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions)", "abstract": "The EUCAARI-LONGREX project was a series of coordinated research flights involving the FAAM BAe-146 and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Falcon 20-E5 research aircraft. The aim of the campaign was to evaluate the climate impacts of aerosols over Europe with an emphasis on their relationship to long range transport processes. The 15 FAAM research flights during LONGREX covered a large spatial area, ranging from the western coast of Ireland to the boreal forests of Finland. A significant high-pressure system dominated the first week of the campaign, allowing for the repeated sampling of pollution as it circulated over Europe. This allowed us to examine the aging of the pollution as it travelled from east to west over Europe. The University of Manchester was responsible for measurements of aerosol composition, mixing state and cloud microphysical properties using a variety of instruments." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 4762, 4763, 4764, 4765, 14345, 14346, 14347, 14348, 14474, 14588, 14589, 14683, 14685, 14724, 14768, 14769, 14770, 14771, 14772, 14773, 14774, 14775, 14776, 14777, 14836, 14837, 14838, 14839, 14840, 14841, 14842, 14843, 14845, 14846, 14847, 14848, 14849, 14850, 14851, 14852, 14853, 14854, 14855, 14856, 14857, 14859, 14860, 14861, 14862, 14863, 14864, 14865, 14866, 14868, 14869, 14870, 14871, 14872, 14873, 14874, 14875, 14876, 14877, 14878, 14879, 14880, 14882, 14883, 14884, 14885, 14887, 14890, 14892, 14893, 14894, 14895, 14896, 14897, 14898, 14899, 14900, 14901, 14902, 14903, 14904, 14905, 14907, 14908, 14909, 14912, 14913, 14914, 14915, 14916, 14917, 14918, 14919, 14921, 14924, 14926, 14927, 14928, 14929, 14930, 14931, 14932, 14933, 14934, 14935, 14936, 14937, 14938, 14939, 14941, 14942, 14943, 14946, 14947, 14948, 14949, 14982, 14983, 14984, 14985, 14986, 14987, 14988, 14989, 14990, 14991, 14992, 14993, 14994, 14995, 14996, 14997, 14998, 14999, 15000, 15001, 15002, 15003, 15004, 15005, 15006, 15007, 15008, 15009, 15010, 15011, 15012, 15013, 15015, 15016, 15017, 15022, 15023, 15024, 15025, 15026, 15027, 15028, 15029, 15030, 15031, 15032, 15033, 15034, 15035, 15036, 15037, 15038, 15040, 15041, 15042, 15043, 15044, 15045, 15046, 15047, 15048, 15049, 15050, 15051, 15052, 15053, 15054, 15055, 15056, 15097, 15098, 15099, 15100, 15101, 15102, 15103, 15104, 15105, 15106, 15107, 15108, 15109, 15110, 15111, 15112, 15114, 15115, 15116, 15117, 15118, 15119, 15120, 15121, 15122, 15123, 15124, 15125, 15126, 15127, 15128, 15129, 15130, 15132, 15133, 15134, 15135, 15136, 15137, 15138, 15139, 15140, 15141, 15142, 15143, 15144, 15145, 15146, 15147, 15148, 15149, 15150, 15151, 15152, 15153, 15154, 15155, 15156, 15157, 15158, 15367, 15368, 15369, 15370, 15371, 15372, 15373, 15374, 15375, 15376, 15565, 15566, 15567, 15568, 15569, 15570, 15571, 15572, 15573, 15574, 15575, 15576, 15577, 15578, 15579, 15580, 15581, 15582, 15583, 15584, 15585, 15586, 15587, 15588, 15589, 15590, 15591, 15592, 15593, 15594, 15595, 15596, 15597, 15598, 15599, 15600, 15601, 15602, 15603, 15604, 15605, 15606, 15607, 15608, 15609, 15610, 15611, 15612, 15613, 15614, 15615, 15616, 15617, 15618, 15619, 15620, 15621, 15622, 15623, 15624, 15625, 15626, 15627, 15628, 15629, 15630, 15631, 15632, 15633, 15634, 15635, 15636, 15637, 15638, 15639, 15640, 15641, 15642, 15643, 15644, 15645, 15646, 15647, 15648, 15649, 15650, 15651, 15652, 15653, 15654, 15655, 15656, 15657, 15658, 15659, 15660, 15661, 15662, 15663, 15664, 15665, 15666, 15667, 15668, 15669, 16754, 16755, 16756, 16757, 16758, 16759, 16760, 16761, 16762, 16763, 16766, 16767, 16768, 16769, 16770, 16771, 16772, 16773, 16774, 16775 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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These were led by Professor Alan Blyth (University of Leeds) and Professor Thomas William Choularton (The University of Manchester)\r\n\r\nThe goal of this research was to determine how desert dust affects the nucleation of ice particles in convective and layer clouds and the subsequent development of precipitation and glaciation of the clouds. Dust is believed to be a critical aerosol particle in the Earth system mainly because the dust particles themselves, and particles that are chemically and possibly biologically modified as they are transported from their source, are believed to be the most important ice nuclei in a global sense and because dust particles are transported to many parts of the globe. Predicting the initiation and subsequent evolution of the size distribution of ice particles in clouds from a distribution of aerosol particles is one of the most important problems in atmospheric science. It is fundamental to the NERC high-level strategy objective ``Understand and predict how our planet works'', because the lack of understanding of the processes causes uncertainty in the way global models treat the interaction of radiation with ice and mixed-phase clouds and the development of precipitation. They also cause uncertainty in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, which is concerned with the NERC strategy objective ``Resilience to environmental hazards''. The proposed research aims was to tackle this problem by making measurements of aerosols and cloud particles close to one of the largest sources of desert dust in the world. The measurements are difficult to make, which is why such detailed measurements have never been made in this region before. It is possible to do this now because the instruments are capable of determining the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles, the aircraft cloud physics instruments can detect small ice particles, and there is a mobile dual-polarisation radar. \r\n\r\nThe UK Ice in Clouds Experiment -- Dust (UK ICE-D) was part of the US-UK aircraft and ground-based project based in Cape Verde off the coast of Senegal, Africa to be held in 2015 (mainly UK) and 2016 (mainly US). Measurements will be made in the environment around the clouds to characterise the aerosol particles and their ability to act as ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei, and within the clouds to determine the influence of the particles on the cloud properties. Convective clouds will be measured as a priority, but layer clouds will also be targeted. Observations will be made when dust is present in high concentrations at appropriate altitudes and when almost no dust is present. The availability of the US and UK aircraft has inadvertently provided a unique opportunity to maximise the sampling statistics of the clouds. The location and time was selected from climatology studies because dust concentrations are often large and convective and layer clouds also occur frequently. In addition, the convective clouds in the region are known to be important since they can form clusters that lead to storms and hurricanes in the Tropical Atlantic.\r\n\r\nSpecifically, UK ICE-D made measurements on days with and without the presence of dust of the following:\r\n* Aerosol particles on the ground with the instruments in the aerosol container at Cape Verde and with the BAe 146 aircraft;\r\n* Cloud droplets, supercooled raindrops, the first ice particles and development of ice and precipitation particles with the aircraft;\r\n* The altitudes of the supercooled raindrops, the location and time of the first precipitation echoes, and the radial air motions using the radar;\r\n* The thermodynamics and dynamics of the clouds and their environment with the aircraft and to some extent the radar.\r\n\r\nModel results were compared with the observations of the initiation temperatures and rates of growth and development. A spectrum of models ranging from climate through regional forecast models to explicit cloud physics process-based models, will be used as forecasting tools and as tools to interpret the data and to develop or\r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\n1. Characterise the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles and determine the activation properties of CCN and IN.\r\n\r\n2. Given an initial well-characterised aerosol distribution, can we predict the number concentration of ice particles that will be produced in the clouds through primary nucleation? Specifically, determine if primary ice particles first form as a result of freezing of supercooled raindrops. \r\n\r\n3. Determine the physical processes responsible for the production of warm rain and the rates of growth. E.g. is the process dependent on entrainment and mixing or determined by straightforward autoconversion or by giant CCN.\r\n\r\n4. Determine whether the HM secondary ice formation process is critical to the glaciation of the convective clouds and if so (likely) the effect of dust on the process. \r\n\r\n5. Determine the influence of dust on the physical properties of the convective and layer clouds (e.g.\\ dynamics, entrainment, liquid water content distribution, development of precipitation) and if the effects can be represented with models of all scales.\r\n\r\n6. Use the new observations to test and improve the ability of regional NWP, global NWP and climate models to accurately simulate the properties of clouds and their environment. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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These were led by Professor Alan Blyth (University of Leeds) and Professor Thomas William Choularton (The University of Manchester)\r\n\r\nThe goal of this research was to determine how desert dust affects the nucleation of ice particles in convective and layer clouds and the subsequent development of precipitation and glaciation of the clouds. Dust is believed to be a critical aerosol particle in the Earth system mainly because the dust particles themselves, and particles that are chemically and possibly biologically modified as they are transported from their source, are believed to be the most important ice nuclei in a global sense and because dust particles are transported to many parts of the globe. Predicting the initiation and subsequent evolution of the size distribution of ice particles in clouds from a distribution of aerosol particles is one of the most important problems in atmospheric science. It is fundamental to the NERC high-level strategy objective ``Understand and predict how our planet works'', because the lack of understanding of the processes causes uncertainty in the way global models treat the interaction of radiation with ice and mixed-phase clouds and the development of precipitation. They also cause uncertainty in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, which is concerned with the NERC strategy objective ``Resilience to environmental hazards''. The proposed research aims was to tackle this problem by making measurements of aerosols and cloud particles close to one of the largest sources of desert dust in the world. The measurements are difficult to make, which is why such detailed measurements have never been made in this region before. It is possible to do this now because the instruments are capable of determining the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles, the aircraft cloud physics instruments can detect small ice particles, and there is a mobile dual-polarisation radar. \r\n\r\nThe UK Ice in Clouds Experiment -- Dust (UK ICE-D) was part of the US-UK aircraft and ground-based project based in Cape Verde off the coast of Senegal, Africa to be held in 2015 (mainly UK) and 2016 (mainly US). Measurements will be made in the environment around the clouds to characterise the aerosol particles and their ability to act as ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei, and within the clouds to determine the influence of the particles on the cloud properties. Convective clouds will be measured as a priority, but layer clouds will also be targeted. Observations will be made when dust is present in high concentrations at appropriate altitudes and when almost no dust is present. 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A spectrum of models ranging from climate through regional forecast models to explicit cloud physics process-based models, will be used as forecasting tools and as tools to interpret the data and to develop or\r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\n1. Characterise the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles and determine the activation properties of CCN and IN.\r\n\r\n2. Given an initial well-characterised aerosol distribution, can we predict the number concentration of ice particles that will be produced in the clouds through primary nucleation? Specifically, determine if primary ice particles first form as a result of freezing of supercooled raindrops. \r\n\r\n3. Determine the physical processes responsible for the production of warm rain and the rates of growth. E.g. is the process dependent on entrainment and mixing or determined by straightforward autoconversion or by giant CCN.\r\n\r\n4. Determine whether the HM secondary ice formation process is critical to the glaciation of the convective clouds and if so (likely) the effect of dust on the process. \r\n\r\n5. Determine the influence of dust on the physical properties of the convective and layer clouds (e.g.\\ dynamics, entrainment, liquid water content distribution, development of precipitation) and if the effects can be represented with models of all scales.\r\n\r\n6. Use the new observations to test and improve the ability of regional NWP, global NWP and climate models to accurately simulate the properties of clouds and their environment. 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These were led by Professor Alan Blyth (University of Leeds) and Professor Thomas William Choularton (The University of Manchester)\r\n\r\nThe goal of this research was to determine how desert dust affects the nucleation of ice particles in convective and layer clouds and the subsequent development of precipitation and glaciation of the clouds. Dust is believed to be a critical aerosol particle in the Earth system mainly because the dust particles themselves, and particles that are chemically and possibly biologically modified as they are transported from their source, are believed to be the most important ice nuclei in a global sense and because dust particles are transported to many parts of the globe. Predicting the initiation and subsequent evolution of the size distribution of ice particles in clouds from a distribution of aerosol particles is one of the most important problems in atmospheric science. It is fundamental to the NERC high-level strategy objective ``Understand and predict how our planet works'', because the lack of understanding of the processes causes uncertainty in the way global models treat the interaction of radiation with ice and mixed-phase clouds and the development of precipitation. They also cause uncertainty in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, which is concerned with the NERC strategy objective ``Resilience to environmental hazards''. The proposed research aims was to tackle this problem by making measurements of aerosols and cloud particles close to one of the largest sources of desert dust in the world. The measurements are difficult to make, which is why such detailed measurements have never been made in this region before. It is possible to do this now because the instruments are capable of determining the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles, the aircraft cloud physics instruments can detect small ice particles, and there is a mobile dual-polarisation radar. \r\n\r\nThe UK Ice in Clouds Experiment -- Dust (UK ICE-D) was part of the US-UK aircraft and ground-based project based in Cape Verde off the coast of Senegal, Africa to be held in 2015 (mainly UK) and 2016 (mainly US). Measurements will be made in the environment around the clouds to characterise the aerosol particles and their ability to act as ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei, and within the clouds to determine the influence of the particles on the cloud properties. Convective clouds will be measured as a priority, but layer clouds will also be targeted. Observations will be made when dust is present in high concentrations at appropriate altitudes and when almost no dust is present. 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In addition, the convective clouds in the region are known to be important since they can form clusters that lead to storms and hurricanes in the Tropical Atlantic.\r\n\r\nSpecifically, UK ICE-D made measurements on days with and without the presence of dust of the following:\r\n* Aerosol particles on the ground with the instruments in the aerosol container at Cape Verde and with the BAe 146 aircraft;\r\n* Cloud droplets, supercooled raindrops, the first ice particles and development of ice and precipitation particles with the aircraft;\r\n* The altitudes of the supercooled raindrops, the location and time of the first precipitation echoes, and the radial air motions using the radar;\r\n* The thermodynamics and dynamics of the clouds and their environment with the aircraft and to some extent the radar.\r\n\r\nModel results were compared with the observations of the initiation temperatures and rates of growth and development. A spectrum of models ranging from climate through regional forecast models to explicit cloud physics process-based models, will be used as forecasting tools and as tools to interpret the data and to develop or\r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\n1. Characterise the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles and determine the activation properties of CCN and IN.\r\n\r\n2. Given an initial well-characterised aerosol distribution, can we predict the number concentration of ice particles that will be produced in the clouds through primary nucleation? Specifically, determine if primary ice particles first form as a result of freezing of supercooled raindrops. \r\n\r\n3. Determine the physical processes responsible for the production of warm rain and the rates of growth. E.g. is the process dependent on entrainment and mixing or determined by straightforward autoconversion or by giant CCN.\r\n\r\n4. Determine whether the HM secondary ice formation process is critical to the glaciation of the convective clouds and if so (likely) the effect of dust on the process. \r\n\r\n5. Determine the influence of dust on the physical properties of the convective and layer clouds (e.g.\\ dynamics, entrainment, liquid water content distribution, development of precipitation) and if the effects can be represented with models of all scales.\r\n\r\n6. Use the new observations to test and improve the ability of regional NWP, global NWP and climate models to accurately simulate the properties of clouds and their environment. In particular, determine if the new prognostic treatment of aerosol through its effect on ice nucleation and cloud droplet number outperforms simpler non-prognostic treatments." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 7565, 16664, 16665, 16666, 16667, 16668, 16669, 50835, 50836, 50837, 50839, 50840, 50841, 50842, 50843, 50844, 50845, 50846, 50847, 50848, 50849, 50852, 50854, 50855, 50856, 50857, 50928, 50929, 50930, 50931, 50932, 50933, 50934, 50935, 50936, 50937, 50938, 50939, 50940, 50941, 50947, 50948, 50951, 50953, 50954, 50955, 50956, 50958, 50959, 50960, 50961, 50962, 50963, 50964, 50965, 50966, 50967, 50969, 50970, 50971, 50973, 50978, 50979, 50982, 50983, 50984, 50985, 50986, 50987, 50988, 50989, 50990, 50991, 50992, 50993, 50994, 50995, 50996, 50997, 50998, 50999, 51000, 51001, 51002, 51003, 51004, 51005, 51006, 51007, 51008, 51009, 51010, 51011, 51012, 51013, 51014, 51015, 51016, 51017, 51018, 51019, 51020, 51021, 51022, 51023, 51024, 51025, 51026, 51027, 51028, 51029, 51030, 51031, 51032, 51033, 51034, 51035, 51036, 51037, 51038, 51039, 51040, 51041, 51042, 51043, 51044, 51045, 51046, 51048, 51052, 51054, 51055, 51056, 51057, 51058, 51059, 51060, 51061, 51062, 51063, 51064, 51065, 51066, 51067, 51068, 51069, 51070, 51071, 51072, 51073, 51074, 51075, 51076, 51077, 51078, 51079, 51080, 51081, 51082, 51083, 51084, 51087, 51156, 51159, 51302, 51486, 51487, 51488, 51489, 51490, 51491, 51492, 51493, 51494, 51495, 51496, 51497, 51498, 51499, 51500, 51501, 51502, 51503, 51504, 51505, 51506, 51507, 51508, 51509, 51510, 51511, 51512, 51513, 51514, 51515, 51516, 51517, 51518, 51519, 51520, 51521, 51524, 51525, 51526, 51527, 51528, 51529, 51530, 51531, 51532, 51533, 51534, 51535, 51536, 51537, 51538, 51539, 51540, 51541, 51542, 51543, 51544, 51545, 51546, 51547, 51548, 51549, 51550, 51551, 51552, 51553, 51554, 51555, 51556, 51557, 51558, 51559, 51560, 51561, 51562, 51563, 51564, 51565, 51566, 51567, 51568, 51569, 51570, 51571, 51572, 51573, 51574, 51575, 51576, 51577, 51578, 51579, 52353, 53672, 53673, 53674, 53677, 53678, 53682, 54967, 54971, 54975, 54976, 61969, 62665, 62669, 64150, 65806, 65836, 65842, 65843, 79221, 79224, 79225, 79385, 79387, 79388 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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These were led by Professor Alan Blyth (University of Leeds) and Professor Thomas William Choularton (The University of Manchester)\r\n\r\nThe goal of this research was to determine how desert dust affects the nucleation of ice particles in convective and layer clouds and the subsequent development of precipitation and glaciation of the clouds. Dust is believed to be a critical aerosol particle in the Earth system mainly because the dust particles themselves, and particles that are chemically and possibly biologically modified as they are transported from their source, are believed to be the most important ice nuclei in a global sense and because dust particles are transported to many parts of the globe. Predicting the initiation and subsequent evolution of the size distribution of ice particles in clouds from a distribution of aerosol particles is one of the most important problems in atmospheric science. It is fundamental to the NERC high-level strategy objective ``Understand and predict how our planet works'', because the lack of understanding of the processes causes uncertainty in the way global models treat the interaction of radiation with ice and mixed-phase clouds and the development of precipitation. They also cause uncertainty in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, which is concerned with the NERC strategy objective ``Resilience to environmental hazards''. The proposed research aims was to tackle this problem by making measurements of aerosols and cloud particles close to one of the largest sources of desert dust in the world. The measurements are difficult to make, which is why such detailed measurements have never been made in this region before. It is possible to do this now because the instruments are capable of determining the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles, the aircraft cloud physics instruments can detect small ice particles, and there is a mobile dual-polarisation radar. \r\n\r\nThe UK Ice in Clouds Experiment -- Dust (UK ICE-D) was part of the US-UK aircraft and ground-based project based in Cape Verde off the coast of Senegal, Africa to be held in 2015 (mainly UK) and 2016 (mainly US). Measurements will be made in the environment around the clouds to characterise the aerosol particles and their ability to act as ice nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei, and within the clouds to determine the influence of the particles on the cloud properties. Convective clouds will be measured as a priority, but layer clouds will also be targeted. Observations will be made when dust is present in high concentrations at appropriate altitudes and when almost no dust is present. The availability of the US and UK aircraft has inadvertently provided a unique opportunity to maximise the sampling statistics of the clouds. The location and time was selected from climatology studies because dust concentrations are often large and convective and layer clouds also occur frequently. In addition, the convective clouds in the region are known to be important since they can form clusters that lead to storms and hurricanes in the Tropical Atlantic.\r\n\r\nSpecifically, UK ICE-D made measurements on days with and without the presence of dust of the following:\r\n* Aerosol particles on the ground with the instruments in the aerosol container at Cape Verde and with the BAe 146 aircraft;\r\n* Cloud droplets, supercooled raindrops, the first ice particles and development of ice and precipitation particles with the aircraft;\r\n* The altitudes of the supercooled raindrops, the location and time of the first precipitation echoes, and the radial air motions using the radar;\r\n* The thermodynamics and dynamics of the clouds and their environment with the aircraft and to some extent the radar.\r\n\r\nModel results were compared with the observations of the initiation temperatures and rates of growth and development. A spectrum of models ranging from climate through regional forecast models to explicit cloud physics process-based models, will be used as forecasting tools and as tools to interpret the data and to develop or\r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\n1. Characterise the chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles and determine the activation properties of CCN and IN.\r\n\r\n2. Given an initial well-characterised aerosol distribution, can we predict the number concentration of ice particles that will be produced in the clouds through primary nucleation? Specifically, determine if primary ice particles first form as a result of freezing of supercooled raindrops. \r\n\r\n3. Determine the physical processes responsible for the production of warm rain and the rates of growth. E.g. is the process dependent on entrainment and mixing or determined by straightforward autoconversion or by giant CCN.\r\n\r\n4. Determine whether the HM secondary ice formation process is critical to the glaciation of the convective clouds and if so (likely) the effect of dust on the process. \r\n\r\n5. Determine the influence of dust on the physical properties of the convective and layer clouds (e.g.\\ dynamics, entrainment, liquid water content distribution, development of precipitation) and if the effects can be represented with models of all scales.\r\n\r\n6. Use the new observations to test and improve the ability of regional NWP, global NWP and climate models to accurately simulate the properties of clouds and their environment. 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Experiments were performed with the 146 at Cranfield whilst ground instrumentation is deployed around the airfield." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 50834, 50839, 50851, 50853, 50857, 50858, 50859, 50860, 50862, 50863, 50864, 50866, 50868, 50869, 50871, 50872, 50875, 50876, 50877, 50878, 50882, 50883, 50884, 50888, 50889, 50891, 50894, 50898, 50899, 50900, 50910, 50911, 50913, 50925, 50928, 50932, 50933, 50937, 50952, 50965, 51215, 51216, 51217, 51218, 51219, 51220, 51222, 51224, 51225, 51227, 51228, 51229, 51230, 51231, 51233, 51235, 51237, 51242, 51243, 51244, 51245, 51247, 51248, 51249, 51250, 51251, 51252, 51253, 51254, 51259, 51260, 51263, 51266, 51267, 51268, 51269, 51275, 51276, 51277, 51279, 51280, 51281, 51282, 51285, 51286, 51287, 51288, 51289, 51290, 51296, 51297, 51300, 51302, 51303, 51304, 51305, 51306, 51307, 51308, 51309, 51312, 53458, 53471, 53540, 53541, 53544, 53545 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 15827, "uuid": "0816a24092be4d1395b9539f4c1deb0a", "short_code": "coll", "title": "AETIAQ: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for AETIAQ - Aviation Emissions and Their Impact on Air Quality ." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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The pollution from biomass burning can have a substantial impact upon human health, as well as perturbing regional weather and climate through the emission of high concentrations of aerosol particles containing organic matter and black carbon. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate are very significant but extremely uncertain and so developing our understanding of them is crucial for predictions of future climate change.\r\n\r\nSAMBBA was an international consortium of 7 UK universities, the UK Met Office, InstitutoNacional de PesquisasEspaciais(INPE, Brazilian National Institute For Space Research) and the University of São Paulo. SAMBBA combined advanced ground, aircraft and satellite measurements during an intensive field campaign during September/October 2012. A total of 20 science flights were conducted on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the campaign. The aircraft was based in Porto Velho, the capital of Rondonia, where ground-based measurements were also conducted by the University of Sao Paulo.\r\n\r\nThe flights sampled a huge range of pollution conditions, ranging from extremely low concentrations of gas phase and aerosol species over the pristine Amazon rainforest, through to huge fire plumes emitting massive amounts of pollutants. The flights were often coordinated with satellites overpassing the flight track of the aircraft, which allowed us to combine our intensive measurements with those that occur routinely from space (see Fig. 1). A range of numerical models are also to be used during SAMBBA, which will help to put our measurements into context and they will also be improved by the measurements that were made during the campaign.\r\n\r\nThese measurements were used to improve our understanding of biomass burning emissions and how it evolves in the atmosphere. This knowledge helped us to challenge and improve numerical models and satellite retrievals in the future. Such knowledge advanced our ability to predict the impacts of biomass burning on human health, the Amazonian biosphere and on weather and climate. 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Biomass burning aerosols have a significant influence on climate – both directly as they scatter and absorb solar radiation – and indirectly as they influence cloud optical properties and lifetime through their ability to act as sites for cloud droplet formation. Biomass burning aerosols are a complex mixture of black carbon, organic carbon, and inorganic compounds, and are thus difficult to model accurately. While parameterisations have been developed in the climate version of the UM (e.g. HADGEM-2) that enable reasonable representation of the aerosol optical depth, significant uncertainties still exists in accurately determining the aerosol absorption (via the single scattering albedo) and the subsequent effects on radiation. These radiative effects have a significant impact on climate, which needs to be quantified over key regions such as Amazonia. Furthermore, BB aerosols have a direct impact on the performance of numerical weather prediction models. The effects of biomass burning aerosol upon cloud microphysical and optical properties play a significant role in assessing the radiative influence of clouds. These are also processes that are poorly quantified and hence provide fundamental uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate change scenarios. To improve quantification of these uncertainties, the microphysical and chemical properties of biomass burning aerosol and its precursors need to be determined yet these remain uncertain and are known to be modified during their lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, it is important to assess the background state of the atmosphere in the region to understand the influence such large anthropogenic perturbations are having on the region. However, aerosol particles in the natural tropical atmosphere remain poorly understood.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the SAMBBA project was to investigate the properties of biomass burning aerosols over South America. The main biomass burning season occurs during Sept/Oct when deforestation fires and agricultural burning are prolific, particularly over central and south eastern parts of Brazil. These contribute to high loadings of biomass burning aerosol over much of South America with aerosol optical depths frequently exceeding 1 in many central parts of the continent. SAMBBA was a consortium of 7 university groups, the UK Met Office and a number of Brazilian partners, which delivered a suite of ground, aircraft and satellite measurements of Amazonian BBA and use this data to:\r\n\r\n-improve our knowledge of BB emissions;\r\n-challenge and improve the latest aerosol process models;\r\n-challenge and improve satellite retrievals;\r\n-test predictions of aerosol influences on regional climate and weather over Amazonia and the surrounding regions made using the next generation of climate and NWP models with extensive prognostic aerosol schemes; and\r\n-assess the impact of biomass burning on the Amazonian biosphere." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67057, 67058, 67059, 67062, 67063, 67064, 67065, 67066, 67060, 67061 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13049, 13046, 13047, 13048 ] }, { "ob_id": 17643, "uuid": "8a08820e6c9241bbbdfd9bec43d16d18", "title": "FAAM B899 COSMICS flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2019-12-06T23:05:15", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "COSMICS, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "ongoing", "dataPublishedTime": "2016-01-12T12:50:55.693132", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1705, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -3.9988324642181396, "westBoundLongitude": -9.044095993041992, "southBoundLatitude": 55.350162506103516, "northBoundLatitude": 60.568450927734375 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17642, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2015/b899-mar-21", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 3559996274, "numberOfFiles": 43, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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Other aircraft instruments are required to provide “truth” and provide closure measurements.\r\n-To obtain microwave, submillimetre, infrared and visible aircraft data simultaneously with satellite overpasses (e.g. A-train, METOP).\r\n-To overfly ground based sites in cirrus conditions and obtain submillimetre and in-situ cirrus measurements.\r\n\r\n \r\n2)Cold Air Outbreak\r\n-To investigate processes controlling the transition between stratiform and cellular cloud structure in cold-air outbreak flows, including:\r\n-Surface fluxes of heat and moisture\r\n-Boundary-layer structure and flux profiles\r\n-Microphysical and precipitation processes, in particular ice formation and growth\r\n\r\n" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3307, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 14836, 14837, 14838, 14839, 14840, 14841, 14842, 14843, 14847, 14848, 14853, 14855, 14916, 14917, 14919, 14921, 14926, 14927, 14931, 14942, 14947, 15040, 15041, 15047, 15048, 15161, 15163, 15166, 15167, 15168, 15169, 15170, 15171, 15172, 15173, 15176, 15177, 15182, 15183, 15185, 15186, 15189, 15192, 15193, 15195, 15196, 15198, 15200, 15203, 15204, 15211, 15212, 15213, 15220, 15223, 15241, 15242, 15243, 15244, 15245, 15246, 15247, 15248, 15249, 15250, 15251, 15252, 15253, 15254, 15255, 15256, 15257, 15258, 15259, 15260, 15261, 15262, 15263, 15264, 15265, 15266, 15267, 15268, 15269, 15271, 15272, 15274, 15277, 15282, 15283, 15324, 15325, 15327, 15329, 15330, 15331, 15332, 15333, 15334, 15335, 15336, 15337, 15338, 15339, 15340, 15341, 15342, 15344, 15345, 15346, 15347, 15348, 15349, 15350, 15355, 15356, 15376, 15793, 15794, 15795, 15796, 15797, 15798, 15799, 15800, 15801, 15802, 15803, 15804, 15805, 15806, 15807, 15808, 15809, 15810, 15811, 15812, 15813, 15814, 15815, 15816, 15817, 15818, 15819, 15820, 15821, 15822, 15823, 15824, 15825, 15827, 15828, 15829, 15830, 15831, 15833, 15834, 15835, 15836, 15838, 15839, 15840, 15841, 15842, 15843, 15844, 15845, 15846, 15847, 15848, 16210, 16211, 16219, 16220, 16223, 16224, 16225, 16226, 22362, 22370, 22371, 22372, 25246, 25247, 25248, 25249, 25250, 25251, 25252 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 16532, "uuid": "d49440ea831142838f94fb2859197e08", "short_code": "coll", "title": "COSMICS: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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Other aircraft instruments are required to provide “truth” and provide closure measurements.\r\n-To obtain microwave, submillimetre, infrared and visible aircraft data simultaneously with satellite overpasses (e.g. A-train, METOP).\r\n-To overfly ground based sites in cirrus conditions and obtain submillimetre and in-situ cirrus measurements.\r\n\r\n \r\n2)Cold Air Outbreak\r\n-To investigate processes controlling the transition between stratiform and cellular cloud structure in cold-air outbreak flows, including:\r\n-Surface fluxes of heat and moisture\r\n-Boundary-layer structure and flux profiles\r\n-Microphysical and precipitation processes, in particular ice formation and growth\r\n\r\n" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 50835, 50836, 50837, 50839, 50840, 50841, 50842, 50845, 50846, 50852, 50854, 50855, 50856, 50928, 50929, 50930, 50931, 50932, 50933, 50934, 50935, 50936, 50938, 50939, 50940, 50947, 50948, 50951, 50954, 50955, 50956, 50958, 50959, 50960, 50961, 50962, 50963, 50964, 50966, 50967, 50969, 50970, 50971, 50973, 50978, 50979, 50982, 50983, 50984, 50985, 50986, 50987, 50988, 50989, 50990, 50991, 50992, 50993, 50994, 50995, 50996, 50997, 50998, 50999, 51000, 51001, 51002, 51003, 51004, 51005, 51006, 51007, 51008, 51009, 51010, 51011, 51012, 51013, 51014, 51015, 51016, 51017, 51018, 51019, 51020, 51021, 51022, 51023, 51024, 51025, 51026, 51027, 51028, 51029, 51030, 51031, 51032, 51033, 51034, 51035, 51036, 51037, 51038, 51039, 51040, 51041, 51042, 51043, 51044, 51045, 51046, 51047, 51048, 51052, 51054, 51055, 51056, 51057, 51058, 51059, 51060, 51061, 51062, 51063, 51064, 51065, 51066, 51067, 51068, 51069, 51070, 51071, 51072, 51073, 51074, 51075, 51076, 51077, 51078, 51079, 51080, 51081, 51082, 51083, 51084, 51087, 51089, 51090, 51104, 51105, 51106, 51107, 51108, 51109, 51110, 51111, 51112, 51113, 51114, 51115, 51116, 51117, 51118, 51119, 51120, 51124, 51126, 51127, 51128, 51129, 51130, 51131, 51135, 51136, 51137, 51138, 51139, 51140, 51141, 51142, 51143, 51144, 51146, 51147, 51148, 51149, 51150, 51151, 51152, 51153, 51154, 51302, 51486, 51487, 51488, 51489, 51490, 51491, 51492, 51493, 51494, 51495, 51496, 51497, 51498, 51499, 51502, 51503, 51507, 51508, 51509, 51510, 51511, 51512, 51513, 51514, 51515, 51517, 51518, 51519, 51520, 51521, 51522, 51524, 51526, 51527, 51529, 51530, 51531, 51532, 51533, 51534, 51535, 51536, 51537, 51538, 51539, 51540, 51541, 51542, 51544, 51545, 51546, 51547, 51549, 51550, 51551, 51552, 51553, 51554, 51555, 51556, 51557, 51558, 51559, 51560, 51561, 51562, 51563, 51564, 51565, 51566, 51567, 51568, 51569, 51570, 51571, 51572, 51573, 51574, 51575, 51576, 51577, 51578, 51579, 53404, 53405, 53406, 53407, 53408, 53409, 53410, 53411, 53412, 53413, 53414, 53415, 53416, 53417, 53418, 53419, 53420, 53421, 53422, 53423, 53424, 53425, 53426, 53427, 53428, 53429, 53430, 53431, 53432, 53672, 53673, 53674, 53677, 53678, 53682, 53685, 53686, 53687, 53688, 53689, 53690, 53691, 53692, 53693, 53694, 53695, 53696, 54967, 54971, 54975, 54976, 60856, 61969, 65836, 65842, 65843, 79219, 79221, 79224, 79225, 79238, 79385, 79844, 79846, 79853, 79854, 87064, 87065, 87066, 87067, 87068, 87069, 87070 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 16532, "uuid": "d49440ea831142838f94fb2859197e08", "short_code": "coll", "title": "COSMICS: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67085, 67086, 67087, 67090, 67091, 67092, 67093, 67094, 67088, 67089 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13061, 13058, 13059, 13060 ] }, { "ob_id": 17651, "uuid": "6ba397d6c8854da19bcced8ea588c1f9", "title": "FAAM B895 CIRCCREX and ISMAR flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX) and ISMAR Test flight: International Sub-Millimetre Airborne Radiometer projects.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2019-12-06T23:05:14", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "CIRCCREX, ISMAR, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "ongoing", "dataPublishedTime": "2016-01-12T12:46:14.974731", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1359, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -2.6137521266937256, "westBoundLongitude": -6.153966903686523, "southBoundLatitude": 55.306068420410156, "northBoundLatitude": 60.48253631591797 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17650, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2015/b895-mar-13", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 1628018918, "numberOfFiles": 53, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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It was lead by Dr Juliet Pickering (Imperial College London) and Dr Keith Bower (The University of Manchester) between 2013-2016. \r\n\r\nThe aim of the CICCREX project was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform.\r\n\r\nClimate and weather prediction models demand understanding of how cirrus clouds, high in the troposphere (6-14km in altitude) affect our climate. Cirrus covers up to 30% of the globe and its effects should be accurately included in global climate models. Clouds have two main effects; they are the main atmospheric component in the hydrological cycle, but they also trap radiation, both reflecting sunlight back to space (cooling the Earth's surface) and trapping the thermal energy emitted from the surface (as they are cold, emitting less energy to space than an equivalent cloudless sky). The balance between the shortwave (sunlight) and longwave (thermal radiation) effect depends on factors such as altitude and thickness of the cloud, and the size and shape of the ice crystals that make up the cloud. The crystals can take on myriad shapes, and the shapes existing in particular clouds depend on conditions and on the evolutionary sequence that the particles experience; growing, aggregating and/or dissipating over time, dependant on the changes in temperature, humidity and meteorological environment they experience. Different crystal sizes and shapes reflect and scatter light in different ways. Some crystal shapes are efficient at reflecting sunlight, but not thermal radiation and some the other way round. The net effect of a cloud on the radiation budget depends on the microscopic shapes of the crystals inside it. By measuring both the heat emitted by the cloud and its internal crystal properties ('microphysics') we can determine the link between the two, and hence the overall effect the cloud is having on the climate. \r\n\r\nCirrus models have been derived that calculate expected response of different crystal types across the spectrum, and these are usually combined with predicted particle size and shapes (Particle Size Distributions, PSD) found from in-situ flight campaign measurements using cloud probes. These are parameterised (simplified) and used in climate models and general circulation models (GCMs), eg. in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, but these cirrus models have not been tested across the full spectrum. Some studies have been made of specific radiative properties of some crystal types in the shortwave, and of other crystal types in parts of the longwave, but there has not been a successful measurement covering the full spectrum simultaneously measuring the precise make up of the crystal sizes and types in a cloud. \r\n\r\nThis project carried out a novel flight campaign which combined full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The project tested scattering models and PSD parameterisations used to describe cirrus cloud in atmospheric models, such as the UK MetOffice (MO) Unified model Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) with model improvements implemented by our MO project partners. \r\n\r\nThe project was possible because of NERC funded research that led to: state-of-the-art cloud probe instruments and software tools that addressed problems of ice crystal shattering at the inlet apertures and the great uncertainty in ice crystal size distributions of the past; and the development of the unique far-IR instrument TAFTS at Imperial College (IC). The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. They combined radiometry in the far-IR of IC, in mid-IR to solar of MO, cloud microphysics instrumentation and expertise of Manchester and Hertfordshire Universities, and UKMO/FAAM with complementary cloud and atmospheric state measurements. This project provides a leap forward to cirrus modelling, the datasets allowing for testing and development of models and parameterizations used to predict the effect of cirrus clouds in the high troposphere.\r\n\r\nThe project's aim was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform. This objective was achieved through a ground breaking cirrus coupled cloud-radiation airborne campaign across the Arctic and Mid-latitudes, which obtained first time radiation measurements across the electromagnetic spectrum (visible to sub-mm wavelengths) together with state-of-the-art cloud microphysics measurements. This exploited the recent leap in advances in microphysical and radiance data quality. The project will use these unique datasets to test and facilitate improvements to cirrus scattering models and parameterizations for climate and NWP models. The goal of the project was for an accurate parameterisation of cirrus optical properties in global climate modelling and NWP.\r\n\r\nThrough a radiative closure experiment, and testing of cirrus scattering models throughout the LW and SW for the first time, they provided the evidence for a more direct coupling between cloud physics and radiation, and to show that such schemes can simulate the measured radiation fields correctly, through a direct link between GCM prognostic variables and the cirrus optical properties. Such schemes will represent a paradigm shift in GCM parameterization, as current operational GCMs rely on linking radiation to cloud physics through diagnosed quantities only. \r\n \r\nThe objectives of this project were as follows (priority here relates to the order in which the objectives will be met):\r\n1. A radiative closure cirrus cloud-radiation experiment in northern and mid latitudes.\r\n2. Obtain a well calibrated set of high resolution radiance measurements throughout the infra-red and visible spectrum, 0.3-125 microns, from above and below and within an extensive layer of well developed cirrus.\r\n3. Characterise the atmospheric column above and below the cloud layer in terms of humidity distribution, temperature structure and other key radiatively-active species.\r\n4. Map the ice crystal particle size distribution, habit types and crystal complexity (including roughness, concavity etc) within the cloud layer, to provide an accurate, well-constrained, consistent description of the microphysical state.\r\n5. Use derivatives of the macrophysical and microphysical state, including ice water content and temperature, as input into state-of-the-art scattering model codes and cirrus parameterisations, whose output (via a radiative transfer model) will be critically validated against the radiance measurements throughout the sub-mm, infrared and visible spectrum. Sensitivity of the predicted radiance to PSD, habit types, aggregate and ensemble models, crystal complexity will be investigated by reference to the microphysical datasets.\r\n6. Exploit campaign datasets and constraint of cloud microphysical and radiative uncertainties in case studies to facilitate improvement of cirrus scattering models allowing a self-consistent and physically-based parameterisation of the ice crystal scattering properties.\r\n7. Through case studies using northern and mid-latitude campaign datasets, test the ice crystal scattering models and the coupled cloud-radiation parameterization by running the high-resolution version of the MO Unified Model (UM) at 1.0km resolution, with a view to incorporating the new parameterisations into the widely used UM.\r\n \r\nThe results have impacted cirrus modelling in GCMs, both for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, and in remote sensing.\r\n\r\nIn addition further objectives were to:\r\n8. Conduct a study of the moderating effect of cirrus on far-IR heating rates by comparing derived heating rates directly from the far-IR data, and comparing these to models using the newly-derived scattering properties.\r\n9. Study the spatial variability of the far-IR cirrus radiative signal as a function of the cloud structure, and determine the impact on precision of ((cirrus cloud modelling???.)) \r\n\r\n\r\n****The dataset contains full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. ****" }, { "ob_id": 14837, "uuid": "4908f9c47f14418b990bd46dae55e304", "short_code": "proj", "title": "ISMAR Test flight: International Sub-Millimetre Airborne Radiometer", "abstract": "Project details needed. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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It was lead by Dr Juliet Pickering (Imperial College London) and Dr Keith Bower (The University of Manchester) between 2013-2016. \r\n\r\nThe aim of the CICCREX project was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform.\r\n\r\nClimate and weather prediction models demand understanding of how cirrus clouds, high in the troposphere (6-14km in altitude) affect our climate. Cirrus covers up to 30% of the globe and its effects should be accurately included in global climate models. Clouds have two main effects; they are the main atmospheric component in the hydrological cycle, but they also trap radiation, both reflecting sunlight back to space (cooling the Earth's surface) and trapping the thermal energy emitted from the surface (as they are cold, emitting less energy to space than an equivalent cloudless sky). The balance between the shortwave (sunlight) and longwave (thermal radiation) effect depends on factors such as altitude and thickness of the cloud, and the size and shape of the ice crystals that make up the cloud. The crystals can take on myriad shapes, and the shapes existing in particular clouds depend on conditions and on the evolutionary sequence that the particles experience; growing, aggregating and/or dissipating over time, dependant on the changes in temperature, humidity and meteorological environment they experience. Different crystal sizes and shapes reflect and scatter light in different ways. Some crystal shapes are efficient at reflecting sunlight, but not thermal radiation and some the other way round. The net effect of a cloud on the radiation budget depends on the microscopic shapes of the crystals inside it. By measuring both the heat emitted by the cloud and its internal crystal properties ('microphysics') we can determine the link between the two, and hence the overall effect the cloud is having on the climate. \r\n\r\nCirrus models have been derived that calculate expected response of different crystal types across the spectrum, and these are usually combined with predicted particle size and shapes (Particle Size Distributions, PSD) found from in-situ flight campaign measurements using cloud probes. These are parameterised (simplified) and used in climate models and general circulation models (GCMs), eg. in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, but these cirrus models have not been tested across the full spectrum. Some studies have been made of specific radiative properties of some crystal types in the shortwave, and of other crystal types in parts of the longwave, but there has not been a successful measurement covering the full spectrum simultaneously measuring the precise make up of the crystal sizes and types in a cloud. \r\n\r\nThis project carried out a novel flight campaign which combined full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The project tested scattering models and PSD parameterisations used to describe cirrus cloud in atmospheric models, such as the UK MetOffice (MO) Unified model Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) with model improvements implemented by our MO project partners. \r\n\r\nThe project was possible because of NERC funded research that led to: state-of-the-art cloud probe instruments and software tools that addressed problems of ice crystal shattering at the inlet apertures and the great uncertainty in ice crystal size distributions of the past; and the development of the unique far-IR instrument TAFTS at Imperial College (IC). The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. They combined radiometry in the far-IR of IC, in mid-IR to solar of MO, cloud microphysics instrumentation and expertise of Manchester and Hertfordshire Universities, and UKMO/FAAM with complementary cloud and atmospheric state measurements. This project provides a leap forward to cirrus modelling, the datasets allowing for testing and development of models and parameterizations used to predict the effect of cirrus clouds in the high troposphere.\r\n\r\nThe project's aim was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform. This objective was achieved through a ground breaking cirrus coupled cloud-radiation airborne campaign across the Arctic and Mid-latitudes, which obtained first time radiation measurements across the electromagnetic spectrum (visible to sub-mm wavelengths) together with state-of-the-art cloud microphysics measurements. This exploited the recent leap in advances in microphysical and radiance data quality. The project will use these unique datasets to test and facilitate improvements to cirrus scattering models and parameterizations for climate and NWP models. The goal of the project was for an accurate parameterisation of cirrus optical properties in global climate modelling and NWP.\r\n\r\nThrough a radiative closure experiment, and testing of cirrus scattering models throughout the LW and SW for the first time, they provided the evidence for a more direct coupling between cloud physics and radiation, and to show that such schemes can simulate the measured radiation fields correctly, through a direct link between GCM prognostic variables and the cirrus optical properties. Such schemes will represent a paradigm shift in GCM parameterization, as current operational GCMs rely on linking radiation to cloud physics through diagnosed quantities only. \r\n \r\nThe objectives of this project were as follows (priority here relates to the order in which the objectives will be met):\r\n1. A radiative closure cirrus cloud-radiation experiment in northern and mid latitudes.\r\n2. Obtain a well calibrated set of high resolution radiance measurements throughout the infra-red and visible spectrum, 0.3-125 microns, from above and below and within an extensive layer of well developed cirrus.\r\n3. Characterise the atmospheric column above and below the cloud layer in terms of humidity distribution, temperature structure and other key radiatively-active species.\r\n4. Map the ice crystal particle size distribution, habit types and crystal complexity (including roughness, concavity etc) within the cloud layer, to provide an accurate, well-constrained, consistent description of the microphysical state.\r\n5. Use derivatives of the macrophysical and microphysical state, including ice water content and temperature, as input into state-of-the-art scattering model codes and cirrus parameterisations, whose output (via a radiative transfer model) will be critically validated against the radiance measurements throughout the sub-mm, infrared and visible spectrum. Sensitivity of the predicted radiance to PSD, habit types, aggregate and ensemble models, crystal complexity will be investigated by reference to the microphysical datasets.\r\n6. Exploit campaign datasets and constraint of cloud microphysical and radiative uncertainties in case studies to facilitate improvement of cirrus scattering models allowing a self-consistent and physically-based parameterisation of the ice crystal scattering properties.\r\n7. Through case studies using northern and mid-latitude campaign datasets, test the ice crystal scattering models and the coupled cloud-radiation parameterization by running the high-resolution version of the MO Unified Model (UM) at 1.0km resolution, with a view to incorporating the new parameterisations into the widely used UM.\r\n \r\nThe results have impacted cirrus modelling in GCMs, both for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, and in remote sensing.\r\n\r\nIn addition further objectives were to:\r\n8. Conduct a study of the moderating effect of cirrus on far-IR heating rates by comparing derived heating rates directly from the far-IR data, and comparing these to models using the newly-derived scattering properties.\r\n9. Study the spatial variability of the far-IR cirrus radiative signal as a function of the cloud structure, and determine the impact on precision of ((cirrus cloud modelling???.)) \r\n\r\n\r\n****The dataset contains full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. ****" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1633, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3307, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 14836, 14837, 14838, 14839, 14840, 14841, 14842, 14843, 14847, 14848, 14853, 14855, 14916, 14917, 14919, 14921, 14926, 14927, 14931, 14942, 14947, 15040, 15041, 15047, 15048, 15161, 15163, 15166, 15167, 15168, 15169, 15170, 15171, 15172, 15173, 15176, 15177, 15182, 15183, 15185, 15186, 15189, 15192, 15193, 15195, 15196, 15198, 15200, 15203, 15204, 15211, 15212, 15213, 15220, 15223, 15241, 15242, 15243, 15244, 15245, 15246, 15247, 15248, 15249, 15250, 15251, 15252, 15253, 15254, 15255, 15256, 15257, 15258, 15259, 15260, 15261, 15262, 15263, 15264, 15265, 15266, 15267, 15268, 15269, 15271, 15272, 15274, 15277, 15282, 15283, 15324, 15325, 15326, 15327, 15328, 15329, 15330, 15331, 15332, 15333, 15334, 15335, 15336, 15337, 15338, 15339, 15340, 15341, 15342, 15344, 15345, 15346, 15347, 15348, 15349, 15350, 15355, 15356, 15376, 15793, 15794, 15795, 15796, 15797, 15798, 15799, 15800, 15801, 15802, 15803, 15804, 15805, 15806, 15807, 15808, 15809, 15810, 15811, 15812, 15813, 15814, 15815, 15816, 15817, 15818, 15819, 15820, 15821, 15822, 15823, 15824, 15825, 15827, 15828, 15829, 15830, 15831, 15833, 15834, 15835, 15836, 15838, 15839, 15840, 15841, 15842, 15843, 15844, 15845, 15846, 15847, 15848, 16210, 16211, 16219, 16220, 16223, 16224, 16225, 16226, 16250, 16251, 16252, 16253, 16254, 16255, 16256, 16257, 16258, 16259, 16260, 16261, 22362, 22370, 22371, 22372, 25242, 25243, 25244, 25246, 25247, 25248, 25249, 25250, 25251, 25252 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 15916, "uuid": "9f0eb1933ba946e9ba807c6e875a54cf", "short_code": "coll", "title": "CIRCCREX: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX)." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67113, 67114, 67115, 67118, 67119, 67120, 67121, 67122, 67116, 67117 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13069, 13067, 13068 ] }, { "ob_id": 17659, "uuid": "27451f8260854b7baa6c18960d34b064", "title": "FAAM B897 COSMICS and CIRCCREX flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study and Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX) projects.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2020-05-04T04:56:35", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "COSMICS, CIRCCREX, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "ongoing", "dataPublishedTime": "2016-01-12T12:48:19.520176", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1361, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -22.353076934814453, "westBoundLongitude": -25.25627899169922, "southBoundLatitude": 61.8961181640625, "northBoundLatitude": 66.23294067382812 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17658, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2015/b897-mar-18", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 3129569419, "numberOfFiles": 88, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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It was lead by Dr Juliet Pickering (Imperial College London) and Dr Keith Bower (The University of Manchester) between 2013-2016. \r\n\r\nThe aim of the CICCREX project was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform.\r\n\r\nClimate and weather prediction models demand understanding of how cirrus clouds, high in the troposphere (6-14km in altitude) affect our climate. Cirrus covers up to 30% of the globe and its effects should be accurately included in global climate models. Clouds have two main effects; they are the main atmospheric component in the hydrological cycle, but they also trap radiation, both reflecting sunlight back to space (cooling the Earth's surface) and trapping the thermal energy emitted from the surface (as they are cold, emitting less energy to space than an equivalent cloudless sky). The balance between the shortwave (sunlight) and longwave (thermal radiation) effect depends on factors such as altitude and thickness of the cloud, and the size and shape of the ice crystals that make up the cloud. The crystals can take on myriad shapes, and the shapes existing in particular clouds depend on conditions and on the evolutionary sequence that the particles experience; growing, aggregating and/or dissipating over time, dependant on the changes in temperature, humidity and meteorological environment they experience. Different crystal sizes and shapes reflect and scatter light in different ways. Some crystal shapes are efficient at reflecting sunlight, but not thermal radiation and some the other way round. The net effect of a cloud on the radiation budget depends on the microscopic shapes of the crystals inside it. By measuring both the heat emitted by the cloud and its internal crystal properties ('microphysics') we can determine the link between the two, and hence the overall effect the cloud is having on the climate. \r\n\r\nCirrus models have been derived that calculate expected response of different crystal types across the spectrum, and these are usually combined with predicted particle size and shapes (Particle Size Distributions, PSD) found from in-situ flight campaign measurements using cloud probes. These are parameterised (simplified) and used in climate models and general circulation models (GCMs), eg. in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, but these cirrus models have not been tested across the full spectrum. Some studies have been made of specific radiative properties of some crystal types in the shortwave, and of other crystal types in parts of the longwave, but there has not been a successful measurement covering the full spectrum simultaneously measuring the precise make up of the crystal sizes and types in a cloud. \r\n\r\nThis project carried out a novel flight campaign which combined full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The project tested scattering models and PSD parameterisations used to describe cirrus cloud in atmospheric models, such as the UK MetOffice (MO) Unified model Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) with model improvements implemented by our MO project partners. \r\n\r\nThe project was possible because of NERC funded research that led to: state-of-the-art cloud probe instruments and software tools that addressed problems of ice crystal shattering at the inlet apertures and the great uncertainty in ice crystal size distributions of the past; and the development of the unique far-IR instrument TAFTS at Imperial College (IC). The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. They combined radiometry in the far-IR of IC, in mid-IR to solar of MO, cloud microphysics instrumentation and expertise of Manchester and Hertfordshire Universities, and UKMO/FAAM with complementary cloud and atmospheric state measurements. This project provides a leap forward to cirrus modelling, the datasets allowing for testing and development of models and parameterizations used to predict the effect of cirrus clouds in the high troposphere.\r\n\r\nThe project's aim was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform. This objective was achieved through a ground breaking cirrus coupled cloud-radiation airborne campaign across the Arctic and Mid-latitudes, which obtained first time radiation measurements across the electromagnetic spectrum (visible to sub-mm wavelengths) together with state-of-the-art cloud microphysics measurements. This exploited the recent leap in advances in microphysical and radiance data quality. The project will use these unique datasets to test and facilitate improvements to cirrus scattering models and parameterizations for climate and NWP models. The goal of the project was for an accurate parameterisation of cirrus optical properties in global climate modelling and NWP.\r\n\r\nThrough a radiative closure experiment, and testing of cirrus scattering models throughout the LW and SW for the first time, they provided the evidence for a more direct coupling between cloud physics and radiation, and to show that such schemes can simulate the measured radiation fields correctly, through a direct link between GCM prognostic variables and the cirrus optical properties. Such schemes will represent a paradigm shift in GCM parameterization, as current operational GCMs rely on linking radiation to cloud physics through diagnosed quantities only. \r\n \r\nThe objectives of this project were as follows (priority here relates to the order in which the objectives will be met):\r\n1. A radiative closure cirrus cloud-radiation experiment in northern and mid latitudes.\r\n2. Obtain a well calibrated set of high resolution radiance measurements throughout the infra-red and visible spectrum, 0.3-125 microns, from above and below and within an extensive layer of well developed cirrus.\r\n3. Characterise the atmospheric column above and below the cloud layer in terms of humidity distribution, temperature structure and other key radiatively-active species.\r\n4. Map the ice crystal particle size distribution, habit types and crystal complexity (including roughness, concavity etc) within the cloud layer, to provide an accurate, well-constrained, consistent description of the microphysical state.\r\n5. Use derivatives of the macrophysical and microphysical state, including ice water content and temperature, as input into state-of-the-art scattering model codes and cirrus parameterisations, whose output (via a radiative transfer model) will be critically validated against the radiance measurements throughout the sub-mm, infrared and visible spectrum. Sensitivity of the predicted radiance to PSD, habit types, aggregate and ensemble models, crystal complexity will be investigated by reference to the microphysical datasets.\r\n6. Exploit campaign datasets and constraint of cloud microphysical and radiative uncertainties in case studies to facilitate improvement of cirrus scattering models allowing a self-consistent and physically-based parameterisation of the ice crystal scattering properties.\r\n7. Through case studies using northern and mid-latitude campaign datasets, test the ice crystal scattering models and the coupled cloud-radiation parameterization by running the high-resolution version of the MO Unified Model (UM) at 1.0km resolution, with a view to incorporating the new parameterisations into the widely used UM.\r\n \r\nThe results have impacted cirrus modelling in GCMs, both for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, and in remote sensing.\r\n\r\nIn addition further objectives were to:\r\n8. Conduct a study of the moderating effect of cirrus on far-IR heating rates by comparing derived heating rates directly from the far-IR data, and comparing these to models using the newly-derived scattering properties.\r\n9. Study the spatial variability of the far-IR cirrus radiative signal as a function of the cloud structure, and determine the impact on precision of ((cirrus cloud modelling???.)) \r\n\r\n\r\n****The dataset contains full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. ****" }, { "ob_id": 14181, "uuid": "f56469ed4970408ab01e3b5c59a2a4bb", "short_code": "proj", "title": "COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study", "abstract": "COSMICS is a Met Office project using the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft operated out of Prestwick airport.\r\n\r\nIt had 2 Science Objectives: \r\n1) ISMAR\r\n-To evaluate the performance of the ISMAR instrument.\r\n-To measure the submillimetre spectral signature of cirrus and clear skies. Other aircraft instruments are required to provide “truth” and provide closure measurements.\r\n-To obtain microwave, submillimetre, infrared and visible aircraft data simultaneously with satellite overpasses (e.g. A-train, METOP).\r\n-To overfly ground based sites in cirrus conditions and obtain submillimetre and in-situ cirrus measurements.\r\n\r\n \r\n2)Cold Air Outbreak\r\n-To investigate processes controlling the transition between stratiform and cellular cloud structure in cold-air outbreak flows, including:\r\n-Surface fluxes of heat and moisture\r\n-Boundary-layer structure and flux profiles\r\n-Microphysical and precipitation processes, in particular ice formation and growth\r\n\r\n" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1633, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3307, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 8560, 14811, 14812, 14813, 14814, 14815, 14816, 14817, 14818, 14819, 14820, 14821, 14822, 14823, 14824, 14825, 14826, 14827, 14828, 14829, 14830, 14831, 14832, 14833, 14834, 14835, 14836, 14837, 14838, 14839, 14840, 14841, 14842, 14843, 14847, 14848, 14853, 14855, 14916, 14917, 14919, 14921, 14926, 14927, 14931, 14942, 14947, 15040, 15041, 15047, 15048, 15161, 15163, 15166, 15167, 15168, 15169, 15170, 15171, 15172, 15173, 15176, 15177, 15182, 15183, 15185, 15186, 15189, 15192, 15193, 15195, 15196, 15198, 15200, 15203, 15204, 15211, 15212, 15213, 15220, 15223, 15241, 15242, 15243, 15244, 15245, 15246, 15247, 15248, 15249, 15250, 15251, 15252, 15253, 15254, 15255, 15256, 15257, 15258, 15259, 15260, 15261, 15262, 15263, 15264, 15265, 15266, 15267, 15268, 15269, 15271, 15272, 15274, 15277, 15282, 15283, 15324, 15325, 15327, 15329, 15330, 15331, 15332, 15333, 15334, 15335, 15336, 15337, 15338, 15339, 15340, 15341, 15342, 15344, 15345, 15346, 15347, 15348, 15349, 15350, 15355, 15356, 15376, 15750, 15793, 15794, 15795, 15796, 15797, 15798, 15799, 15800, 15801, 15802, 15803, 15804, 15805, 15806, 15807, 15808, 15809, 15810, 15811, 15812, 15813, 15814, 15815, 15816, 15817, 15818, 15819, 15820, 15821, 15822, 15823, 15824, 15825, 15827, 15828, 15829, 15830, 15831, 15833, 15834, 15835, 15836, 15838, 15839, 15840, 15841, 15842, 15843, 15844, 15845, 15846, 15847, 15848, 16210, 16211, 16219, 16220, 16223, 16224, 16225, 16226, 16250, 16251, 16252, 16253, 16254, 16255, 16256, 16257, 16258, 16259, 16260, 16261, 22362, 22370, 22371, 22372, 25242, 25243, 25244, 25245, 25246, 25247, 25248, 25249, 25250, 25251, 25252 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 16532, "uuid": "d49440ea831142838f94fb2859197e08", "short_code": "coll", "title": "COSMICS: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study." }, { "ob_id": 15916, "uuid": "9f0eb1933ba946e9ba807c6e875a54cf", "short_code": "coll", "title": "CIRCCREX: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX)." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. 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It was lead by Dr Juliet Pickering (Imperial College London) and Dr Keith Bower (The University of Manchester) between 2013-2016. \r\n\r\nThe aim of the CICCREX project was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform.\r\n\r\nClimate and weather prediction models demand understanding of how cirrus clouds, high in the troposphere (6-14km in altitude) affect our climate. Cirrus covers up to 30% of the globe and its effects should be accurately included in global climate models. Clouds have two main effects; they are the main atmospheric component in the hydrological cycle, but they also trap radiation, both reflecting sunlight back to space (cooling the Earth's surface) and trapping the thermal energy emitted from the surface (as they are cold, emitting less energy to space than an equivalent cloudless sky). The balance between the shortwave (sunlight) and longwave (thermal radiation) effect depends on factors such as altitude and thickness of the cloud, and the size and shape of the ice crystals that make up the cloud. The crystals can take on myriad shapes, and the shapes existing in particular clouds depend on conditions and on the evolutionary sequence that the particles experience; growing, aggregating and/or dissipating over time, dependant on the changes in temperature, humidity and meteorological environment they experience. Different crystal sizes and shapes reflect and scatter light in different ways. Some crystal shapes are efficient at reflecting sunlight, but not thermal radiation and some the other way round. The net effect of a cloud on the radiation budget depends on the microscopic shapes of the crystals inside it. By measuring both the heat emitted by the cloud and its internal crystal properties ('microphysics') we can determine the link between the two, and hence the overall effect the cloud is having on the climate. \r\n\r\nCirrus models have been derived that calculate expected response of different crystal types across the spectrum, and these are usually combined with predicted particle size and shapes (Particle Size Distributions, PSD) found from in-situ flight campaign measurements using cloud probes. These are parameterised (simplified) and used in climate models and general circulation models (GCMs), eg. in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, but these cirrus models have not been tested across the full spectrum. Some studies have been made of specific radiative properties of some crystal types in the shortwave, and of other crystal types in parts of the longwave, but there has not been a successful measurement covering the full spectrum simultaneously measuring the precise make up of the crystal sizes and types in a cloud. \r\n\r\nThis project carried out a novel flight campaign which combined full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The project tested scattering models and PSD parameterisations used to describe cirrus cloud in atmospheric models, such as the UK MetOffice (MO) Unified model Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) with model improvements implemented by our MO project partners. \r\n\r\nThe project was possible because of NERC funded research that led to: state-of-the-art cloud probe instruments and software tools that addressed problems of ice crystal shattering at the inlet apertures and the great uncertainty in ice crystal size distributions of the past; and the development of the unique far-IR instrument TAFTS at Imperial College (IC). The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. They combined radiometry in the far-IR of IC, in mid-IR to solar of MO, cloud microphysics instrumentation and expertise of Manchester and Hertfordshire Universities, and UKMO/FAAM with complementary cloud and atmospheric state measurements. This project provides a leap forward to cirrus modelling, the datasets allowing for testing and development of models and parameterizations used to predict the effect of cirrus clouds in the high troposphere.\r\n\r\nThe project's aim was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform. This objective was achieved through a ground breaking cirrus coupled cloud-radiation airborne campaign across the Arctic and Mid-latitudes, which obtained first time radiation measurements across the electromagnetic spectrum (visible to sub-mm wavelengths) together with state-of-the-art cloud microphysics measurements. This exploited the recent leap in advances in microphysical and radiance data quality. The project will use these unique datasets to test and facilitate improvements to cirrus scattering models and parameterizations for climate and NWP models. The goal of the project was for an accurate parameterisation of cirrus optical properties in global climate modelling and NWP.\r\n\r\nThrough a radiative closure experiment, and testing of cirrus scattering models throughout the LW and SW for the first time, they provided the evidence for a more direct coupling between cloud physics and radiation, and to show that such schemes can simulate the measured radiation fields correctly, through a direct link between GCM prognostic variables and the cirrus optical properties. Such schemes will represent a paradigm shift in GCM parameterization, as current operational GCMs rely on linking radiation to cloud physics through diagnosed quantities only. \r\n \r\nThe objectives of this project were as follows (priority here relates to the order in which the objectives will be met):\r\n1. A radiative closure cirrus cloud-radiation experiment in northern and mid latitudes.\r\n2. Obtain a well calibrated set of high resolution radiance measurements throughout the infra-red and visible spectrum, 0.3-125 microns, from above and below and within an extensive layer of well developed cirrus.\r\n3. Characterise the atmospheric column above and below the cloud layer in terms of humidity distribution, temperature structure and other key radiatively-active species.\r\n4. Map the ice crystal particle size distribution, habit types and crystal complexity (including roughness, concavity etc) within the cloud layer, to provide an accurate, well-constrained, consistent description of the microphysical state.\r\n5. Use derivatives of the macrophysical and microphysical state, including ice water content and temperature, as input into state-of-the-art scattering model codes and cirrus parameterisations, whose output (via a radiative transfer model) will be critically validated against the radiance measurements throughout the sub-mm, infrared and visible spectrum. Sensitivity of the predicted radiance to PSD, habit types, aggregate and ensemble models, crystal complexity will be investigated by reference to the microphysical datasets.\r\n6. Exploit campaign datasets and constraint of cloud microphysical and radiative uncertainties in case studies to facilitate improvement of cirrus scattering models allowing a self-consistent and physically-based parameterisation of the ice crystal scattering properties.\r\n7. Through case studies using northern and mid-latitude campaign datasets, test the ice crystal scattering models and the coupled cloud-radiation parameterization by running the high-resolution version of the MO Unified Model (UM) at 1.0km resolution, with a view to incorporating the new parameterisations into the widely used UM.\r\n \r\nThe results have impacted cirrus modelling in GCMs, both for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, and in remote sensing.\r\n\r\nIn addition further objectives were to:\r\n8. Conduct a study of the moderating effect of cirrus on far-IR heating rates by comparing derived heating rates directly from the far-IR data, and comparing these to models using the newly-derived scattering properties.\r\n9. Study the spatial variability of the far-IR cirrus radiative signal as a function of the cloud structure, and determine the impact on precision of ((cirrus cloud modelling???.)) \r\n\r\n\r\n****The dataset contains full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. ****" }, { "ob_id": 14181, "uuid": "f56469ed4970408ab01e3b5c59a2a4bb", "short_code": "proj", "title": "COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study", "abstract": "COSMICS is a Met Office project using the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft operated out of Prestwick airport.\r\n\r\nIt had 2 Science Objectives: \r\n1) ISMAR\r\n-To evaluate the performance of the ISMAR instrument.\r\n-To measure the submillimetre spectral signature of cirrus and clear skies. Other aircraft instruments are required to provide “truth” and provide closure measurements.\r\n-To obtain microwave, submillimetre, infrared and visible aircraft data simultaneously with satellite overpasses (e.g. A-train, METOP).\r\n-To overfly ground based sites in cirrus conditions and obtain submillimetre and in-situ cirrus measurements.\r\n\r\n \r\n2)Cold Air Outbreak\r\n-To investigate processes controlling the transition between stratiform and cellular cloud structure in cold-air outbreak flows, including:\r\n-Surface fluxes of heat and moisture\r\n-Boundary-layer structure and flux profiles\r\n-Microphysical and precipitation processes, in particular ice formation and growth\r\n\r\n" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1633, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3307, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 8560, 14811, 14812, 14813, 14814, 14815, 14816, 14817, 14818, 14819, 14820, 14821, 14822, 14823, 14824, 14825, 14826, 14827, 14828, 14829, 14830, 14831, 14832, 14833, 14834, 14835, 14836, 14837, 14838, 14839, 14840, 14841, 14842, 14843, 14847, 14848, 14853, 14855, 14916, 14917, 14919, 14921, 14926, 14927, 14931, 14942, 14947, 15040, 15041, 15047, 15048, 15161, 15163, 15166, 15167, 15168, 15169, 15170, 15171, 15172, 15173, 15176, 15177, 15182, 15183, 15185, 15186, 15189, 15192, 15193, 15195, 15196, 15198, 15200, 15203, 15204, 15211, 15212, 15213, 15220, 15223, 15241, 15242, 15243, 15244, 15245, 15246, 15247, 15248, 15249, 15250, 15251, 15252, 15253, 15254, 15255, 15256, 15257, 15258, 15259, 15260, 15261, 15262, 15263, 15264, 15265, 15266, 15267, 15268, 15269, 15271, 15272, 15274, 15277, 15282, 15283, 15324, 15325, 15326, 15327, 15328, 15329, 15330, 15331, 15332, 15333, 15334, 15335, 15336, 15337, 15338, 15339, 15340, 15341, 15342, 15344, 15345, 15346, 15347, 15348, 15349, 15350, 15355, 15356, 15376, 15750, 15793, 15794, 15795, 15796, 15797, 15798, 15799, 15800, 15801, 15802, 15803, 15804, 15805, 15806, 15807, 15808, 15809, 15810, 15811, 15812, 15813, 15814, 15815, 15816, 15817, 15818, 15819, 15820, 15821, 15822, 15823, 15824, 15825, 15827, 15828, 15829, 15830, 15831, 15833, 15834, 15835, 15836, 15838, 15839, 15840, 15841, 15842, 15843, 15844, 15845, 15846, 15847, 15848, 16210, 16211, 16219, 16220, 16223, 16224, 16225, 16226, 16250, 16251, 16252, 16253, 16254, 16255, 16256, 16257, 16258, 16259, 16260, 16261, 22362, 22370, 22371, 22372, 25242, 25243, 25244, 25245, 25246, 25247, 25248, 25249, 25250, 25251, 25252 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 16532, "uuid": "d49440ea831142838f94fb2859197e08", "short_code": "coll", "title": "COSMICS: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study." }, { "ob_id": 15916, "uuid": "9f0eb1933ba946e9ba807c6e875a54cf", "short_code": "coll", "title": "CIRCCREX: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX)." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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It was lead by Dr Juliet Pickering (Imperial College London) and Dr Keith Bower (The University of Manchester) between 2013-2016. \r\n\r\nThe aim of the CICCREX project was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform.\r\n\r\nClimate and weather prediction models demand understanding of how cirrus clouds, high in the troposphere (6-14km in altitude) affect our climate. Cirrus covers up to 30% of the globe and its effects should be accurately included in global climate models. Clouds have two main effects; they are the main atmospheric component in the hydrological cycle, but they also trap radiation, both reflecting sunlight back to space (cooling the Earth's surface) and trapping the thermal energy emitted from the surface (as they are cold, emitting less energy to space than an equivalent cloudless sky). The balance between the shortwave (sunlight) and longwave (thermal radiation) effect depends on factors such as altitude and thickness of the cloud, and the size and shape of the ice crystals that make up the cloud. The crystals can take on myriad shapes, and the shapes existing in particular clouds depend on conditions and on the evolutionary sequence that the particles experience; growing, aggregating and/or dissipating over time, dependant on the changes in temperature, humidity and meteorological environment they experience. Different crystal sizes and shapes reflect and scatter light in different ways. Some crystal shapes are efficient at reflecting sunlight, but not thermal radiation and some the other way round. The net effect of a cloud on the radiation budget depends on the microscopic shapes of the crystals inside it. By measuring both the heat emitted by the cloud and its internal crystal properties ('microphysics') we can determine the link between the two, and hence the overall effect the cloud is having on the climate. \r\n\r\nCirrus models have been derived that calculate expected response of different crystal types across the spectrum, and these are usually combined with predicted particle size and shapes (Particle Size Distributions, PSD) found from in-situ flight campaign measurements using cloud probes. These are parameterised (simplified) and used in climate models and general circulation models (GCMs), eg. in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, but these cirrus models have not been tested across the full spectrum. Some studies have been made of specific radiative properties of some crystal types in the shortwave, and of other crystal types in parts of the longwave, but there has not been a successful measurement covering the full spectrum simultaneously measuring the precise make up of the crystal sizes and types in a cloud. \r\n\r\nThis project carried out a novel flight campaign which combined full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The project tested scattering models and PSD parameterisations used to describe cirrus cloud in atmospheric models, such as the UK MetOffice (MO) Unified model Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) with model improvements implemented by our MO project partners. \r\n\r\nThe project was possible because of NERC funded research that led to: state-of-the-art cloud probe instruments and software tools that addressed problems of ice crystal shattering at the inlet apertures and the great uncertainty in ice crystal size distributions of the past; and the development of the unique far-IR instrument TAFTS at Imperial College (IC). The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. They combined radiometry in the far-IR of IC, in mid-IR to solar of MO, cloud microphysics instrumentation and expertise of Manchester and Hertfordshire Universities, and UKMO/FAAM with complementary cloud and atmospheric state measurements. This project provides a leap forward to cirrus modelling, the datasets allowing for testing and development of models and parameterizations used to predict the effect of cirrus clouds in the high troposphere.\r\n\r\nThe project's aim was to understand the link between evolving ice cloud microphysical properties and the resulting radiative signatures of the cirrus, at the macrophysical scale, as seen from a remote sensing platform. This objective was achieved through a ground breaking cirrus coupled cloud-radiation airborne campaign across the Arctic and Mid-latitudes, which obtained first time radiation measurements across the electromagnetic spectrum (visible to sub-mm wavelengths) together with state-of-the-art cloud microphysics measurements. This exploited the recent leap in advances in microphysical and radiance data quality. The project will use these unique datasets to test and facilitate improvements to cirrus scattering models and parameterizations for climate and NWP models. The goal of the project was for an accurate parameterisation of cirrus optical properties in global climate modelling and NWP.\r\n\r\nThrough a radiative closure experiment, and testing of cirrus scattering models throughout the LW and SW for the first time, they provided the evidence for a more direct coupling between cloud physics and radiation, and to show that such schemes can simulate the measured radiation fields correctly, through a direct link between GCM prognostic variables and the cirrus optical properties. Such schemes will represent a paradigm shift in GCM parameterization, as current operational GCMs rely on linking radiation to cloud physics through diagnosed quantities only. \r\n \r\nThe objectives of this project were as follows (priority here relates to the order in which the objectives will be met):\r\n1. A radiative closure cirrus cloud-radiation experiment in northern and mid latitudes.\r\n2. Obtain a well calibrated set of high resolution radiance measurements throughout the infra-red and visible spectrum, 0.3-125 microns, from above and below and within an extensive layer of well developed cirrus.\r\n3. Characterise the atmospheric column above and below the cloud layer in terms of humidity distribution, temperature structure and other key radiatively-active species.\r\n4. Map the ice crystal particle size distribution, habit types and crystal complexity (including roughness, concavity etc) within the cloud layer, to provide an accurate, well-constrained, consistent description of the microphysical state.\r\n5. Use derivatives of the macrophysical and microphysical state, including ice water content and temperature, as input into state-of-the-art scattering model codes and cirrus parameterisations, whose output (via a radiative transfer model) will be critically validated against the radiance measurements throughout the sub-mm, infrared and visible spectrum. Sensitivity of the predicted radiance to PSD, habit types, aggregate and ensemble models, crystal complexity will be investigated by reference to the microphysical datasets.\r\n6. Exploit campaign datasets and constraint of cloud microphysical and radiative uncertainties in case studies to facilitate improvement of cirrus scattering models allowing a self-consistent and physically-based parameterisation of the ice crystal scattering properties.\r\n7. Through case studies using northern and mid-latitude campaign datasets, test the ice crystal scattering models and the coupled cloud-radiation parameterization by running the high-resolution version of the MO Unified Model (UM) at 1.0km resolution, with a view to incorporating the new parameterisations into the widely used UM.\r\n \r\nThe results have impacted cirrus modelling in GCMs, both for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate change, and in remote sensing.\r\n\r\nIn addition further objectives were to:\r\n8. Conduct a study of the moderating effect of cirrus on far-IR heating rates by comparing derived heating rates directly from the far-IR data, and comparing these to models using the newly-derived scattering properties.\r\n9. Study the spatial variability of the far-IR cirrus radiative signal as a function of the cloud structure, and determine the impact on precision of ((cirrus cloud modelling???.)) \r\n\r\n\r\n****The dataset contains full spectrum radiative measurements (125-0.3 microns) from longwave to shortwave, with state-of-the-art measurements of crystal PSDs, the ice water content and temperature etc. The ability to measure the entire spectrum from an aircraft, and so simultaneously measure the cirrus crystal types, sizes, temperature and IWC, roughness etc., is a unique facility only available on the UK FAAM aircraft. ****" }, { "ob_id": 14181, "uuid": "f56469ed4970408ab01e3b5c59a2a4bb", "short_code": "proj", "title": "COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study", "abstract": "COSMICS is a Met Office project using the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft operated out of Prestwick airport.\r\n\r\nIt had 2 Science Objectives: \r\n1) ISMAR\r\n-To evaluate the performance of the ISMAR instrument.\r\n-To measure the submillimetre spectral signature of cirrus and clear skies. Other aircraft instruments are required to provide “truth” and provide closure measurements.\r\n-To obtain microwave, submillimetre, infrared and visible aircraft data simultaneously with satellite overpasses (e.g. A-train, METOP).\r\n-To overfly ground based sites in cirrus conditions and obtain submillimetre and in-situ cirrus measurements.\r\n\r\n \r\n2)Cold Air Outbreak\r\n-To investigate processes controlling the transition between stratiform and cellular cloud structure in cold-air outbreak flows, including:\r\n-Surface fluxes of heat and moisture\r\n-Boundary-layer structure and flux profiles\r\n-Microphysical and precipitation processes, in particular ice formation and growth\r\n\r\n" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1633, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223, 3224, 3225, 3226, 3227, 3228, 3229, 3230, 3231, 3232, 3233, 3234, 3235, 3236, 3237, 3238, 3239, 3240, 3241, 3242, 3243, 3244, 3245, 3246, 3247, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254, 3255, 3256, 3257, 3258, 3259, 3260, 3261, 3262, 3263, 3264, 3265, 3266, 3267, 3268, 3269, 3270, 3271, 3272, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3276, 3277, 3278, 3279, 3280, 3281, 3282, 3283, 3284, 3285, 3286, 3287, 3288, 3289, 3290, 3291, 3292, 3293, 3294, 3295, 3307, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3318, 3319, 3320, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324, 3325, 3326, 3327, 3328, 3329, 3330, 3331, 3332, 3333, 3334, 3335, 3336, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340, 3341, 3342, 3343, 3344, 3345, 8560, 14811, 14812, 14813, 14814, 14815, 14816, 14817, 14818, 14819, 14820, 14821, 14822, 14823, 14824, 14825, 14826, 14827, 14828, 14829, 14830, 14831, 14832, 14833, 14834, 14835, 14836, 14837, 14838, 14839, 14840, 14841, 14842, 14843, 14847, 14848, 14853, 14855, 14916, 14917, 14919, 14921, 14926, 14927, 14931, 14942, 14947, 15040, 15041, 15047, 15048, 15161, 15163, 15166, 15167, 15168, 15169, 15170, 15171, 15172, 15173, 15176, 15177, 15182, 15183, 15185, 15186, 15189, 15192, 15193, 15195, 15196, 15198, 15200, 15203, 15204, 15211, 15212, 15213, 15220, 15223, 15241, 15242, 15243, 15244, 15245, 15246, 15247, 15248, 15249, 15250, 15251, 15252, 15253, 15254, 15255, 15256, 15257, 15258, 15259, 15260, 15261, 15262, 15263, 15264, 15265, 15266, 15267, 15268, 15269, 15271, 15272, 15274, 15277, 15282, 15283, 15324, 15325, 15326, 15327, 15328, 15329, 15330, 15331, 15332, 15333, 15334, 15335, 15336, 15337, 15338, 15339, 15340, 15341, 15342, 15344, 15345, 15346, 15347, 15348, 15349, 15350, 15355, 15356, 15376, 15750, 15793, 15794, 15795, 15796, 15797, 15798, 15799, 15800, 15801, 15802, 15803, 15804, 15805, 15806, 15807, 15808, 15809, 15810, 15811, 15812, 15813, 15814, 15815, 15816, 15817, 15818, 15819, 15820, 15821, 15822, 15823, 15824, 15825, 15827, 15828, 15829, 15830, 15831, 15833, 15834, 15835, 15836, 15838, 15839, 15840, 15841, 15842, 15843, 15844, 15845, 15846, 15847, 15848, 16210, 16211, 16219, 16220, 16223, 16224, 16225, 16226, 16250, 16251, 16252, 16253, 16254, 16255, 16256, 16257, 16258, 16259, 16260, 16261, 22362, 22370, 22371, 22372, 25242, 25243, 25244, 25246, 25247, 25248, 25249, 25250, 25251, 25252 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 16532, "uuid": "d49440ea831142838f94fb2859197e08", "short_code": "coll", "title": "COSMICS: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for COSMICS - Cold-air Outbreak and sub-Millimetre Ice Cloud Study." }, { "ob_id": 15916, "uuid": "9f0eb1933ba946e9ba807c6e875a54cf", "short_code": "coll", "title": "CIRCCREX: in-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "In-situ airborne observations by the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft for Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment (CIRCCREX)." }, { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." }, { "ob_id": 5264, "uuid": "0804f05e4be2aff916cdfb03cf37b370", "short_code": "coll", "title": "CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) : Airborne Aircraft Measurements of Atmospheric Components Properties as part of the Polluted Troposphere", "abstract": "CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00147 - Duration 2002 - 2005) led by Prof. Tom Choularton, University of Manchester.\r\n\r\nCLOPAP was an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 aircraft to make measurements of the ageing of the London plume in the cloudy boundary layer. Measurements were made of the evolution of trace gases, aerosol and cloud properties. These were supported by modelling studies. 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With an additional flight in September 2006.\r\n\r\nThe dataset includes data from \r\n - core FAAM instruments. \r\n - from non-core instruments fitted for the campaign including the UMIST aerosol mass spectrometer, \r\ngas probes and particle physics instruments." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67351, 67352, 67353, 67356, 67357, 67358, 67359, 67360, 67354, 67355 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13174, 13170, 13171, 13172, 13173 ] }, { "ob_id": 17747, "uuid": "06cef6ed539346219eff0908cd4bc88e", "title": "FAAM B094 CIRRUS flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for UTLS-Ozone: CIRRUS project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2015-04-30T10:13:27", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "CIRRUS, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-31T21:02:54.374428", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1381, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -0.5584428310394287, "westBoundLongitude": -7.3001708984375, "southBoundLatitude": 49.44297790527344, "northBoundLatitude": 52.090545654296875 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17746, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b094-may-12", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 252387545, "numberOfFiles": 20, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." }, { "ob_id": 6056, "uuid": "34f4bbb2f9a5d80216862f9778aba609", "short_code": "coll", "title": "UTLS CIRRUS: Anthropogenic influence on UTLS clouds and aerosol", "abstract": "Anthropogenic influence on Upper Tropospher-Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) clouds and aerosol (CIRRUS) UTLS round 5 project led by Prof. Tom Choularton. The dataset contains the total number of Condensation Nuclei (CN), CCN, IN and the size distribution of optically active particles in clean and polluted air in the UTLS region over the UK, the number, size distribution, phase and morphology of droplets and crystals in cirrus cloud.\r\n\r\nObjectives\r\n\r\n-To measure the total number of Condensation Nuclei (CN), CCN, IN and the size distribution of optically active particles in clean and polluted air in the UTLS region over the UK. Assessment of their spatial distribution and their likely source based on tracer measurements and air mass history.\r\n-To use a unique suite of state of the art instruments to quantify the extent to which air mass history, and gas and particle loading can affect the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds in the UTLS region, in particular, the size distribution, phase and morphology of cloud particles.\r\n-To obtain estimates of HNO3 loss to cirrus clouds and the subsequent effect on the aerosol population after the cloud has evaporated using case studies involving one or more wave clouds.\r\n-To make observations of the number, size distribution, phase and morphology of droplets and crystals in cirrus cloud and the number and size distribution of interstitial particles and correlate these with measurements of tracers that identify anthropogenic anthropogenic influence. Hence building on objective 3 to investigate the influence of cirrus on the distribution of aerosol and gases in the UTLS region as cloud and precipitation evaporate.\r\n-To make an assessment of the chemical composition of the particulate in the UTLS region as a function of their size, their spatial variability and the effect different sources have on their composition.\r\n-To use measurements of the masses of key components as a function of size of cirrus particle dry residues and interstitial particles to determine if there are distinct chemical differences between activated and unactivated particles.\r\n-To establish the partitioning of oxidised nitrogen between the gas and aerosol phases as a function of air mass history and source region.\r\n\r\nMethodology\r\nThese studies were performed during the spring/summer of 2005 over the UK using the BAE 146 aircraft for in situ sampling Experiments were undertaken in a wide range of meteorological conditions i.e. in frontal cirrus, in convective conditions and in anticyclonic conditions. The aircraft made measurements below and within the cirrus cloud." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67365, 67366, 67367, 67370, 67371, 67372, 67373, 67374, 67368, 67369 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13179, 13177, 13178 ] }, { "ob_id": 17751, "uuid": "4683b21d82b840c8ae0ffaabd802f787", "title": "FAAM B097 AMPEP and CLOPAP flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for Polluted Troposphere NERC Research Programme (AMPEP) and Polluted Troposphere: CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) projects.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2024-09-11T13:00:52", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "AMPEP, CLOPAP, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-31T21:02:53.972469", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 4233, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.6945376, "westBoundLongitude": -5.4893303, "southBoundLatitude": 50.017136, "northBoundLatitude": 55.035065 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17750, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b097-may-25", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 753752230, "numberOfFiles": 28, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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The programme focusses on the regional scale, defined as intermediate between urban and hemispheric.\r\n\r\nThe Polluted Troposphere programme started in 2001 and ended in 2006. It ran a single round of awards, through which six projects were funded:\r\n\r\nTropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment (TORCH).\r\nCLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea. (CLOPAP)\r\nTransport and mixing in fronts.\r\nIonisation as a precursor to aerosol formation.\r\nAdvanced GC-MS technology for observing OVOCs and NMHCS in the polluted troposphere.\r\nAircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP)." }, { "ob_id": 14411, "uuid": "8c08a483b4d04ff29ff06ea229af12e9", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Polluted Troposphere: CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP)", "abstract": "CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) is a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00147 - Duration 2002 - 2005) led by Prof. Tom Choularton, University of Manchester.\r\n\r\nCLOPAP is an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 aircraft to make measurements of the ageing of the London plume in the cloudy boundary layer. Measurements will be made of the evolution of trace gases, aerosol and cloud properties. These will be supported by modelling studies. The flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005.\r\n\r\nThe Programme Superintending Officer was Dr. Ruth Kelman: rkel@nerc.ac.uk\r\nThe chairman of the Programme Steering Committee was Prof Gerard Jennings (Galway, Ireland): gerard.jennings@nuigalway.ie" } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 50834, 51679, 51680, 51745, 51746, 51747, 51748, 51749, 51750, 51751, 51752, 51753, 51754, 51755, 51756, 51757, 51758, 51760, 51776, 51777, 51778, 51779, 51780, 51781, 51783, 51784, 51785, 51786, 51787, 51788, 51789, 51790, 51791, 51792, 51793, 51794, 51795, 51796, 51797, 51798, 51799, 51800, 51801, 51802, 51803, 51804, 51808, 51809, 51810, 51811, 51812, 51813, 51814, 51815, 51816, 51817, 51818, 51819, 51820, 51821, 51822, 51823, 51824, 51825, 51826, 51827, 51828, 51829, 51830, 51831, 51832, 51833, 51834, 51835, 51836, 51837, 51838, 51839, 51840, 51841, 51842, 51843, 51844, 51845, 51846, 51847, 51848, 51849, 51850, 51851, 51852, 51853, 51854, 51855, 51856, 51857, 51858, 51859, 51860, 51861, 51862, 51863, 51864, 51865, 51866, 51867, 51868, 51869, 51870, 51871, 51872, 51873, 51874, 51875, 51876, 51877, 51878, 51879, 51880, 51881, 51882, 51883, 51884, 51885, 51886, 51887, 51888, 51889, 51890, 51891, 51892, 51893, 51894, 51895, 51896, 51897, 51898, 51899, 51900, 51901, 51902, 51903, 51904, 51905, 51906, 51907, 51908, 51909, 51910, 51911, 51912, 51913, 51914, 51915, 51916, 51917, 51918, 51919, 51920, 51921, 51922, 51923, 51924, 51926, 51927, 51928, 51929, 51930, 51931, 51932, 51933, 51935, 51936, 51937, 51938, 51940, 51941, 51957, 51958, 51959, 51960, 51961, 51962, 51963, 51964, 51965, 51966, 51968, 51969, 51970, 51971, 51972, 51974, 51975, 51976, 51977, 51979, 52128, 52173, 52174, 52175, 52176, 52177, 52178, 52179, 52180, 52181, 52182, 52183, 52184, 52185, 52186, 52187, 52188, 52189, 52214, 52215, 52216, 52217, 52218, 52219, 52220, 52221, 52222, 52223, 52224, 52225, 52226, 52227, 52228, 52229, 52230, 52231, 52232, 52233, 52234, 52235, 52236, 52237, 52238, 52239, 52240, 52241, 52242, 52243, 52244, 52245, 52246, 52247, 52248, 52249, 52250, 52251, 52252, 52253, 52254, 52255, 52256, 52257, 52258, 52259, 52260, 52261, 52262, 52263, 52264, 52265, 52266, 52267, 52268, 52269, 52270, 52271, 52272, 52273, 52274, 52275, 52276, 52277, 52278, 53646, 53647, 53648, 53649, 53650, 53651, 53652, 53653, 53654, 53655, 53656, 53657, 53658, 53659, 53660, 55765 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." }, { "ob_id": 5264, "uuid": "0804f05e4be2aff916cdfb03cf37b370", "short_code": "coll", "title": "CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) : Airborne Aircraft Measurements of Atmospheric Components Properties as part of the Polluted Troposphere", "abstract": "CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00147 - Duration 2002 - 2005) led by Prof. Tom Choularton, University of Manchester.\r\n\r\nCLOPAP was an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 aircraft to make measurements of the ageing of the London plume in the cloudy boundary layer. Measurements were made of the evolution of trace gases, aerosol and cloud properties. These were supported by modelling studies. The flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005. With an additional flight in September 2006.\r\n\r\nThe dataset includes data from \r\n - core FAAM instruments. \r\n - from non-core instruments fitted for the campaign including the UMIST aerosol mass spectrometer, \r\ngas probes and particle physics instruments." }, { "ob_id": 5905, "uuid": "b1196b7c17d4926d963717c529f76222", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Aircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP) Project: Airborne Direct Measurement of the Atmospheric Mass Budget of a range of Pollutants as part of the Polluted Troposphere", "abstract": "Aircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP) was part of the NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00152 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by Prof. D Fowler, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.\r\n\r\nThis project was focussed on direct measurement of the atmospheric mass budget of a range of pollutants in the gas and aerosol phase in the boundary layer over the UK. New, state of the art equipment was applied to measure the atmospheric mass budget and, in particular, the net export from the downwind coast over the UK. For the majority of the pollutants this is the dominant term and its measurement provides a very powerful test of current understanding of the processes and the current generation of long range transport models. The approach was applied to sulphur compounds, oxidized and reduced nitrogen, ozone and related photochemical oxidant precursors, mercury, a range of heavy metals and the main radiatively active gases. The analysis and interpretation of the data was completed using a range of current long range transport, transformation and deposition models.\r\n\r\nAMPEP was an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 and the flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005. Flights took place between 21 Apr 2005 and 19 September 2006.\r\n\r\nThe datasets include data from:\r\n - the core FAAM instruments. \r\n - non-core instruments fitted for the campaign including the UMIST aerosol mass spectrometer, gas analysers, aerosol filters, particle counters and a tunable diode laser, which measured a broad range of atmospheric trace species and aerosols." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67379, 67380, 67381, 67384, 67385, 67386, 67387, 67388, 67382, 67383 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13188, 13184, 13185, 13186, 13187 ] }, { "ob_id": 17755, "uuid": "74fd4e4766254f6f9a5e235d05ae0dc6", "title": "FAAM B096 CWVC flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core instrument suite on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core instrument suite data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for CWVC - Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate - NERC Research Programme project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2024-09-11T13:01:07", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "CWVC, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-31T21:02:54.355756", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1382, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -0.4653959274291992, "westBoundLongitude": -3.1086416244506836, "southBoundLatitude": 50.86604309082031, "northBoundLatitude": 52.26068115234375 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17754, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b096-may-19", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 216642589, "numberOfFiles": 15, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. Ancillary files may be plain ASCII or PDF formatted. Image files may be PNG formatted." }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 4647, "startTime": "2005-05-19T07:06:05", "endTime": "2005-05-19T13:40:24" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3032, "explanation": "Data collected by flight participants before preparation for archival with the British Atmospheric Data Centre", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "FAAM to BADC Data Quality Statement", "date": "2015-09-03" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 17756, "uuid": "39c00d776c8c41008b0e588340b5ee1d", "short_code": "acq", "title": "FAAM Flight B096 Acquisition", "abstract": "FAAM Flight B096 Acquisition" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 8 ], "discoveryKeywords": [ { "ob_id": 1138, "name": "NDGO0003" } ], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 868, "uuid": "152babd9550d869a896ae26f37452154", "short_code": "proj", "title": "CWVC - Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate - NERC Research Programme", "abstract": "The Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate programme was a five-year NERC directed mode research programme. Its overall aim was to improve our understanding of the physical processes responsible for the distribution of humidity and clouds, and their influences on climate. Projects were selected for funding through three rounds of awards, in January 1999, December 2000 and September 2001. One CWVC project, namely \"The Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Mixed Phase Clouds\", is based on an airborne campaign using the FAAM aircraft." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 50834, 51679, 51680, 51681, 51682, 51683, 51684, 51685, 51686, 51687, 51688, 51689, 51690, 51691, 51692, 51693, 51694, 51695, 51696, 51697, 51698, 51699, 51700, 51701, 51702, 51703, 51704, 51705, 51706, 51707, 51708, 51709, 51710, 51711, 51712, 51713, 51714, 51715, 51716, 51717, 51718, 51719, 51720, 51721, 51722, 51723, 51724, 51725, 51726, 51727, 51728, 51729, 51730, 51731, 51732, 51733, 51734, 51735, 51736, 51737, 51738, 51739, 51740, 51741, 51742, 51743, 51744, 51745, 51746, 51747, 51748, 51749, 51750, 51751, 51752, 51753, 51754, 51755, 51756, 51757, 51758, 51760, 51761, 51762, 51763, 51764, 51765, 51766, 51767, 51768, 51769, 51770, 51771, 51772, 51773, 51774, 51775, 51776, 51777, 51778, 51779, 51780, 51781, 51783, 51784, 51785, 51786, 51787, 51788, 51789, 51790, 51791, 51792, 51793, 51794, 51795, 51796, 51797, 51798, 51799, 51800, 51801, 51802, 51803, 51804, 51808, 51809, 51810, 51811, 51812, 51813, 51814, 51815, 51816, 51817, 51818, 51819, 51820, 51821, 51822, 51823, 51824, 51825, 51826, 51827, 51828, 51829, 51830, 51831, 51832, 51833, 51834, 51835, 51836, 51837, 51838, 51839, 51840, 51841, 51842, 51843, 51844, 51845, 51846, 51847, 51848, 51849, 51850, 51851, 51852, 51853, 51854, 51855, 51856, 51857, 51858, 51859, 51860, 51861, 51862, 51863, 51864, 51865, 51866, 51867, 51868, 51869, 51870, 51871, 51872, 51873, 51874, 51875, 51876, 51877, 51878, 51879, 51880, 51881, 51882, 51883, 51884, 51885, 51886, 51887, 51888, 51889, 51890, 51891, 51892, 51893, 51894, 51895, 51896, 51897, 51898, 51899, 51900, 51901, 51902, 51903, 51904, 51905, 51906, 51907, 51908, 51909, 51910, 51911, 51912, 51913, 51914, 51915, 51916, 51917, 51918, 51919, 51920, 51921, 51922, 51923, 51924, 51926, 51927, 51928, 51929, 51930, 51931, 51932, 51933, 51934, 51935, 51936, 51937, 51938, 51940, 51941, 51942, 51943, 51944, 51945, 51946, 51947, 51948, 51949, 51950, 51951, 51952, 51953, 51954, 51955, 51956, 51957, 51958, 51959, 51960, 51961, 51962, 51963, 51964, 51965, 51966, 51968, 51969, 51970, 51971, 51972, 51974, 51975, 51976, 51977, 51979, 51980, 52128, 52214 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." }, { "ob_id": 865, "uuid": "80399b9b1c56d454becef232d51b0fdf", "short_code": "coll", "title": "HITRAN (high-resolution transmission) molecular absorption database, part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) program", "abstract": "The aim of HITRAN (high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database) was to characterise the amount and wavelength-dependence of absorption by water vapour and other atmospheric species. It was part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) program. The dataset contains spectral line parameters derived from laboratory measurements on pure water vapour, and mixtures of water vapour and air. The measurements were made at STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Molecular Spectroscopy Facility, and the line fitting was carried out by the Department of Meteorology at the University of Reading. The spectral line parameters are displayed in HITRAN format. Water vapour lines were fitted to the laboratory data in the spectral range 5037 to 5585 cm-1. These data are public." }, { "ob_id": 6292, "uuid": "7a712f5db671ce7b072837b947e62f4a", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Chilbolton Advanced Meteorological Radar (CAMRa) data, part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) programme", "abstract": "These data are part of the NERC Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) programme. With a diameter of 25 metres the 3 GHz CAMRa at Chilbolton Observatory (UK) is the largest steerable meteorological radar in the world. Polarisation and Doppler data are stored in netCDF format for 30 March 1999, 9 June 2000, 20 October 2000, 21 November 2000, and 28 February 2001. Quicklook images are also available." }, { "ob_id": 6758, "uuid": "cf7ae349d16c067cd00d3d2d910bee89", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Global Cloud and Aerosol Dataset Produced by the Global Retrieval of ATSR Cloud Parameters and Evaluation (GRAPE) Project as part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) Programme", "abstract": "The aim of the GRAPE project was to produce a global cloud and aerosol dataset using a state-of-the-art physical retrieval of the entire duration of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2) mission (aboard ERS-2). This dataset will be compared and contrasted with existing climatologies (based on different instruments and very different retrieval algorithms). The GRAPE project was initially funded through the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) Programme, a five-year NERC directed research programme. The dataset has been developed further within the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and now includes data from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR). The GRAPE dataset contains cloud optical depth, aerosol optical depth (cloud free), cloud phase, cloud particle size, cloud top pressure, cloud fraction and cloud ice/water path along with associated error measurements. " } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67398, 67393, 67394, 67395, 67399, 67400, 67401, 67402, 67396, 67397 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13195, 13192, 13193, 13194 ] }, { "ob_id": 17759, "uuid": "454c3c481d204154a0000b6ed7a96e03", "title": "FAAM B091 AMPEP flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for Polluted Troposphere NERC Research Programme (AMPEP) project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2015-04-30T10:13:27", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "AMPEP, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-31T21:02:53.669122", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1383, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.7836780548095703, "westBoundLongitude": -6.557903289794922, "southBoundLatitude": 50.01654052734375, "northBoundLatitude": 56.44439697265625 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17758, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b091-apr-21", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 611973287, "numberOfFiles": 22, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. Ancillary files may be plain ASCII or PDF formatted. Image files may be PNG formatted." }, "timePeriod": { "ob_id": 4648, "startTime": "2005-04-21T05:43:39", "endTime": "2005-04-21T16:38:08" }, "resultQuality": { "ob_id": 3032, "explanation": "Data collected by flight participants before preparation for archival with the British Atmospheric Data Centre", "passesTest": true, "resultTitle": "FAAM to BADC Data Quality Statement", "date": "2015-09-03" }, "validTimePeriod": null, "procedureAcquisition": { "ob_id": 17760, "uuid": "71e4fab65a4d4dad8f80589565652683", "short_code": "acq", "title": "FAAM Flight B091 Acquisition", "abstract": "FAAM Flight B091 Acquisition" }, "procedureComputation": null, "procedureCompositeProcess": null, "imageDetails": [ 8 ], "discoveryKeywords": [ { "ob_id": 1138, "name": "NDGO0003" } ], "permissions": [ { "ob_id": 2522, "accessConstraints": null, "accessCategory": "registered", "accessRoles": null, "label": "registered: None group", "licence": { "ob_id": 3, "licenceURL": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/", "licenceClassifications": [ { "ob_id": 3, "classification": "any" } ] } } ], "projects": [ { "ob_id": 1345, "uuid": "81496b7af52d0532258e7f63849fd2ed", "short_code": "proj", "title": "Polluted Troposphere NERC Research Programme", "abstract": "The Polluted Troposphere Programme was a 5-year NERC thematic research programme which was centred upon the study of polluted boundary layer air and its transport to the free troposphere. The programme focusses on the regional scale, defined as intermediate between urban and hemispheric.\r\n\r\nThe Polluted Troposphere programme started in 2001 and ended in 2006. It ran a single round of awards, through which six projects were funded:\r\n\r\nTropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment (TORCH).\r\nCLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea. (CLOPAP)\r\nTransport and mixing in fronts.\r\nIonisation as a precursor to aerosol formation.\r\nAdvanced GC-MS technology for observing OVOCs and NMHCS in the polluted troposphere.\r\nAircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP)." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 50834, 51679, 51680, 51745, 51746, 51747, 51748, 51749, 51750, 51751, 51752, 51753, 51754, 51755, 51756, 51757, 51758, 51760, 51776, 51777, 51778, 51779, 51780, 51781, 51782, 51783, 51784, 51785, 51786, 51787, 51788, 51789, 51790, 51791, 51792, 51793, 51794, 51795, 51796, 51797, 51798, 51799, 51800, 51801, 51802, 51803, 51804, 51808, 51809, 51810, 51811, 51812, 51813, 51814, 51815, 51816, 51817, 51818, 51819, 51820, 51821, 51926, 51927, 51928, 51932, 51933, 51936, 51937, 51938, 51940, 51941, 51959, 51960, 51961, 51962, 51963, 51964, 51965, 51966, 51968, 51969, 51970, 51971, 51972, 51973, 51974, 51975, 51976, 51977, 52128, 52214, 55765 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. The FAAM apparatus includes a number of core instruments permanently onboard and operated by FAAM staff members, and a variety of other instruments, grouped into chemistry kit and cloud physics kit, that can be fitted onto the aircraft on demand. \r\nFAAM is also a member of the EUropean Facility for Airborne Research (EUFAR) fleet of research aircraft.\r\n\r\nAs per NERC data policy (see documents), FAAM data are openly available upon registration with the CEDA archive (anyone can register) under the Open Government Licence. Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." }, { "ob_id": 5905, "uuid": "b1196b7c17d4926d963717c529f76222", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Aircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP) Project: Airborne Direct Measurement of the Atmospheric Mass Budget of a range of Pollutants as part of the Polluted Troposphere", "abstract": "Aircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP) was part of the NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00152 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by Prof. D Fowler, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.\r\n\r\nThis project was focussed on direct measurement of the atmospheric mass budget of a range of pollutants in the gas and aerosol phase in the boundary layer over the UK. New, state of the art equipment was applied to measure the atmospheric mass budget and, in particular, the net export from the downwind coast over the UK. For the majority of the pollutants this is the dominant term and its measurement provides a very powerful test of current understanding of the processes and the current generation of long range transport models. The approach was applied to sulphur compounds, oxidized and reduced nitrogen, ozone and related photochemical oxidant precursors, mercury, a range of heavy metals and the main radiatively active gases. The analysis and interpretation of the data was completed using a range of current long range transport, transformation and deposition models.\r\n\r\nAMPEP was an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 and the flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005. Flights took place between 21 Apr 2005 and 19 September 2006.\r\n\r\nThe datasets include data from:\r\n - the core FAAM instruments. \r\n - non-core instruments fitted for the campaign including the UMIST aerosol mass spectrometer, gas analysers, aerosol filters, particle counters and a tunable diode laser, which measured a broad range of atmospheric trace species and aerosols." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67407, 67408, 67409, 67412, 67413, 67414, 67415, 67416, 67410, 67411 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13202, 13199, 13200, 13201 ] }, { "ob_id": 17763, "uuid": "56a5ed0cba604e3eb573dd5e05f904ff", "title": "FAAM B090 CIRRUS flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for UTLS-Ozone: CIRRUS project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2007-04-02T14:13:55", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "CIRRUS, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2012-09-21T12:47:41.868927", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 4525, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 3.5907946, "westBoundLongitude": -1.6379437, "southBoundLatitude": 52.05052, "northBoundLatitude": 56.66356 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17762, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b090-apr-13", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 217587694, "numberOfFiles": 18, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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The particular emphasis is on the processes determining the distribution of ozone and any subsequent climate impacts. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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The dataset contains the total number of Condensation Nuclei (CN), CCN, IN and the size distribution of optically active particles in clean and polluted air in the UTLS region over the UK, the number, size distribution, phase and morphology of droplets and crystals in cirrus cloud.\r\n\r\nObjectives\r\n\r\n-To measure the total number of Condensation Nuclei (CN), CCN, IN and the size distribution of optically active particles in clean and polluted air in the UTLS region over the UK. Assessment of their spatial distribution and their likely source based on tracer measurements and air mass history.\r\n-To use a unique suite of state of the art instruments to quantify the extent to which air mass history, and gas and particle loading can affect the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds in the UTLS region, in particular, the size distribution, phase and morphology of cloud particles.\r\n-To obtain estimates of HNO3 loss to cirrus clouds and the subsequent effect on the aerosol population after the cloud has evaporated using case studies involving one or more wave clouds.\r\n-To make observations of the number, size distribution, phase and morphology of droplets and crystals in cirrus cloud and the number and size distribution of interstitial particles and correlate these with measurements of tracers that identify anthropogenic anthropogenic influence. Hence building on objective 3 to investigate the influence of cirrus on the distribution of aerosol and gases in the UTLS region as cloud and precipitation evaporate.\r\n-To make an assessment of the chemical composition of the particulate in the UTLS region as a function of their size, their spatial variability and the effect different sources have on their composition.\r\n-To use measurements of the masses of key components as a function of size of cirrus particle dry residues and interstitial particles to determine if there are distinct chemical differences between activated and unactivated particles.\r\n-To establish the partitioning of oxidised nitrogen between the gas and aerosol phases as a function of air mass history and source region.\r\n\r\nMethodology\r\nThese studies were performed during the spring/summer of 2005 over the UK using the BAE 146 aircraft for in situ sampling Experiments were undertaken in a wide range of meteorological conditions i.e. in frontal cirrus, in convective conditions and in anticyclonic conditions. The aircraft made measurements below and within the cirrus cloud." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67421, 67422, 67423, 67426, 67427, 67428, 67429, 67430, 67424, 67425 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13209, 13206, 13207, 13208 ] }, { "ob_id": 17767, "uuid": "9d74f01c36d949d58924bf5a1e46c8fb", "title": "FAAM B093 Calibration flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core instrument suite on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core instrument suite data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for FAAM Test, Calibration, Training and Non-science Flights and other non-specified flight projects.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2015-04-30T10:13:27", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "Calibration, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-20T12:26:12.527487", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1384, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 3.062997817993164, "westBoundLongitude": -0.7461833953857422, "southBoundLatitude": 52.01458740234375, "northBoundLatitude": 54.97245788574219 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17766, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b093-may-11", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 134458520, "numberOfFiles": 13, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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Raw data are retained for longterm preservation but are not intended for general use." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67435, 67436, 67437, 67440, 67441, 67442, 67443, 67444, 67438, 67439 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13216, 13213, 13214, 13215 ] }, { "ob_id": 17771, "uuid": "e37922fc6c32460791ded4a762d85a21", "title": "FAAM B092 AMPEP flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for Polluted Troposphere NERC Research Programme (AMPEP) project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2015-04-30T10:13:27", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "AMPEP, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-20T12:26:11.927080", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1385, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.8686652183532715, "westBoundLongitude": -3.7490758895874023, "southBoundLatitude": 50.003509521484375, "northBoundLatitude": 56.04606628417969 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17770, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b092-may-09", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 550803507, "numberOfFiles": 23, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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The programme focusses on the regional scale, defined as intermediate between urban and hemispheric.\r\n\r\nThe Polluted Troposphere programme started in 2001 and ended in 2006. It ran a single round of awards, through which six projects were funded:\r\n\r\nTropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment (TORCH).\r\nCLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea. (CLOPAP)\r\nTransport and mixing in fronts.\r\nIonisation as a precursor to aerosol formation.\r\nAdvanced GC-MS technology for observing OVOCs and NMHCS in the polluted troposphere.\r\nAircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP)." } ], "inspireTheme": [], "topicCategory": [], "phenomena": [ 50834, 51679, 51680, 51745, 51746, 51747, 51748, 51749, 51750, 51751, 51752, 51753, 51754, 51755, 51756, 51757, 51758, 51760, 51776, 51777, 51778, 51779, 51780, 51781, 51782, 51783, 51784, 51785, 51786, 51787, 51788, 51789, 51790, 51791, 51792, 51793, 51794, 51795, 51796, 51797, 51798, 51799, 51800, 51801, 51802, 51803, 51804, 51808, 51809, 51810, 51811, 51812, 51813, 51814, 51815, 51816, 51817, 51818, 51819, 51820, 51821, 51926, 51927, 51928, 51932, 51933, 51936, 51937, 51938, 51940, 51941, 51959, 51960, 51961, 51962, 51963, 51964, 51965, 51966, 51968, 51969, 51970, 51971, 51972, 51973, 51974, 51975, 51976, 51977, 52128, 52214, 91383 ], "vocabularyKeywords": [], "identifier_set": [], "observationcollection_set": [ { "ob_id": 5782, "uuid": "affe775e8d8890a4556aec5bc4e0b45c", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) flights", "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run by the NERC (jointly with the UK Met Office until 2019). 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New, state of the art equipment was applied to measure the atmospheric mass budget and, in particular, the net export from the downwind coast over the UK. For the majority of the pollutants this is the dominant term and its measurement provides a very powerful test of current understanding of the processes and the current generation of long range transport models. The approach was applied to sulphur compounds, oxidized and reduced nitrogen, ozone and related photochemical oxidant precursors, mercury, a range of heavy metals and the main radiatively active gases. The analysis and interpretation of the data was completed using a range of current long range transport, transformation and deposition models.\r\n\r\nAMPEP was an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 and the flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005. Flights took place between 21 Apr 2005 and 19 September 2006.\r\n\r\nThe datasets include data from:\r\n - the core FAAM instruments. \r\n - non-core instruments fitted for the campaign including the UMIST aerosol mass spectrometer, gas analysers, aerosol filters, particle counters and a tunable diode laser, which measured a broad range of atmospheric trace species and aerosols." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67449, 67450, 67451, 67454, 67455, 67456, 67457, 67458, 67452, 67453 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13223, 13220, 13221, 13222 ] }, { "ob_id": 17775, "uuid": "71faf35f610f421c96dcd2d79d716475", "title": "FAAM B099 CLOPAP flight: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for Polluted Troposphere: CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2015-04-30T10:13:28", "updateFrequency": "asNeeded", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "CLOPAP, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2015-03-20T12:26:12.754685", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 4340, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": 1.4959497, "westBoundLongitude": -1.6989517, "southBoundLatitude": 52.07283, "northBoundLatitude": 55.550827 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17774, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2005/b099-jun-02", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 479471621, "numberOfFiles": 19, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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Quicklook images are also available." }, { "ob_id": 6758, "uuid": "cf7ae349d16c067cd00d3d2d910bee89", "short_code": "coll", "title": "Global Cloud and Aerosol Dataset Produced by the Global Retrieval of ATSR Cloud Parameters and Evaluation (GRAPE) Project as part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) Programme", "abstract": "The aim of the GRAPE project was to produce a global cloud and aerosol dataset using a state-of-the-art physical retrieval of the entire duration of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2) mission (aboard ERS-2). This dataset will be compared and contrasted with existing climatologies (based on different instruments and very different retrieval algorithms). The GRAPE project was initially funded through the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) Programme, a five-year NERC directed research programme. The dataset has been developed further within the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and now includes data from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR). The GRAPE dataset contains cloud optical depth, aerosol optical depth (cloud free), cloud phase, cloud particle size, cloud top pressure, cloud fraction and cloud ice/water path along with associated error measurements. " } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67477, 67478, 67479, 67482, 67483, 67484, 67485, 67486, 67480, 67481 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13241, 13236, 13237, 13238, 13239, 13240 ] }, { "ob_id": 17783, "uuid": "9886b8c1ff4a4cb08a9deed700d78a00", "title": "FAAM B741 SAMBBA flight, number 11: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft during flight 11 for South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2024-09-11T12:58:44", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "SAMBBA, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2014-07-14T13:38:13.818628", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1387, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -48.355201721191406, "westBoundLongitude": -63.90294647216797, "southBoundLatitude": -10.295186042785645, "northBoundLatitude": -8.698576927185059 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17782, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2012/b741-sep-26", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 2578384099, "numberOfFiles": 70, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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The pollution from biomass burning can have a substantial impact upon human health, as well as perturbing regional weather and climate through the emission of high concentrations of aerosol particles containing organic matter and black carbon. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate are very significant but extremely uncertain and so developing our understanding of them is crucial for predictions of future climate change.\r\n\r\nSAMBBA was an international consortium of 7 UK universities, the UK Met Office, InstitutoNacional de PesquisasEspaciais(INPE, Brazilian National Institute For Space Research) and the University of São Paulo. SAMBBA combined advanced ground, aircraft and satellite measurements during an intensive field campaign during September/October 2012. A total of 20 science flights were conducted on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the campaign. 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This knowledge helped us to challenge and improve numerical models and satellite retrievals in the future. Such knowledge advanced our ability to predict the impacts of biomass burning on human health, the Amazonian biosphere and on weather and climate. 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The pollution from biomass burning can have a substantial impact upon human health, as well as perturbing regional weather and climate through the emission of high concentrations of aerosol particles containing organic matter and black carbon. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate are very significant but extremely uncertain and so developing our understanding of them is crucial for predictions of future climate change.\r\n\r\nSAMBBA was an international consortium of 7 UK universities, the UK Met Office, InstitutoNacional de PesquisasEspaciais(INPE, Brazilian National Institute For Space Research) and the University of São Paulo. SAMBBA combined advanced ground, aircraft and satellite measurements during an intensive field campaign during September/October 2012. A total of 20 science flights were conducted on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the campaign. 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The main biomass burning season occurs during Sept/Oct when deforestation fires and agricultural burning are prolific, particularly over central and south eastern parts of Brazil. These contribute to high loadings of biomass burning aerosol over much of South America with aerosol optical depths frequently exceeding 1 in many central parts of the continent. 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The effects of biomass burning aerosol upon cloud microphysical and optical properties play a significant role in assessing the radiative influence of clouds. These are also processes that are poorly quantified and hence provide fundamental uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate change scenarios. To improve quantification of these uncertainties, the microphysical and chemical properties of biomass burning aerosol and its precursors need to be determined yet these remain uncertain and are known to be modified during their lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, it is important to assess the background state of the atmosphere in the region to understand the influence such large anthropogenic perturbations are having on the region. However, aerosol particles in the natural tropical atmosphere remain poorly understood.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the SAMBBA project was to investigate the properties of biomass burning aerosols over South America. 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SAMBBA was a consortium of 7 university groups, the UK Met Office and a number of Brazilian partners, which delivered a suite of ground, aircraft and satellite measurements of Amazonian BBA and use this data to:\r\n\r\n-improve our knowledge of BB emissions;\r\n-challenge and improve the latest aerosol process models;\r\n-challenge and improve satellite retrievals;\r\n-test predictions of aerosol influences on regional climate and weather over Amazonia and the surrounding regions made using the next generation of climate and NWP models with extensive prognostic aerosol schemes; and\r\n-assess the impact of biomass burning on the Amazonian biosphere." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67519, 67520, 67521, 67524, 67525, 67526, 67527, 67528, 67522, 67523 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13256, 13254, 13255 ] }, { "ob_id": 17795, "uuid": "7e7783fcd44e4a3890f3bd67e89e585e", "title": "FAAM B742 SAMBBA flight, number 12: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft during flight 12 for South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2016-11-22T14:04:07", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "SAMBBA, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "citable", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2014-07-14T13:38:13", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1389, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -46.78971862792969, "westBoundLongitude": -48.366546630859375, "southBoundLatitude": -11.553009033203125, "northBoundLatitude": -10.177112579345703 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17794, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2012/b742-sep-27", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 2885006924, "numberOfFiles": 57, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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The pollution from biomass burning can have a substantial impact upon human health, as well as perturbing regional weather and climate through the emission of high concentrations of aerosol particles containing organic matter and black carbon. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate are very significant but extremely uncertain and so developing our understanding of them is crucial for predictions of future climate change.\r\n\r\nSAMBBA was an international consortium of 7 UK universities, the UK Met Office, InstitutoNacional de PesquisasEspaciais(INPE, Brazilian National Institute For Space Research) and the University of São Paulo. SAMBBA combined advanced ground, aircraft and satellite measurements during an intensive field campaign during September/October 2012. A total of 20 science flights were conducted on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the campaign. The aircraft was based in Porto Velho, the capital of Rondonia, where ground-based measurements were also conducted by the University of Sao Paulo.\r\n\r\nThe flights sampled a huge range of pollution conditions, ranging from extremely low concentrations of gas phase and aerosol species over the pristine Amazon rainforest, through to huge fire plumes emitting massive amounts of pollutants. The flights were often coordinated with satellites overpassing the flight track of the aircraft, which allowed us to combine our intensive measurements with those that occur routinely from space (see Fig. 1). A range of numerical models are also to be used during SAMBBA, which will help to put our measurements into context and they will also be improved by the measurements that were made during the campaign.\r\n\r\nThese measurements were used to improve our understanding of biomass burning emissions and how it evolves in the atmosphere. This knowledge helped us to challenge and improve numerical models and satellite retrievals in the future. Such knowledge advanced our ability to predict the impacts of biomass burning on human health, the Amazonian biosphere and on weather and climate. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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Biomass burning aerosols have a significant influence on climate – both directly as they scatter and absorb solar radiation – and indirectly as they influence cloud optical properties and lifetime through their ability to act as sites for cloud droplet formation. Biomass burning aerosols are a complex mixture of black carbon, organic carbon, and inorganic compounds, and are thus difficult to model accurately. While parameterisations have been developed in the climate version of the UM (e.g. HADGEM-2) that enable reasonable representation of the aerosol optical depth, significant uncertainties still exists in accurately determining the aerosol absorption (via the single scattering albedo) and the subsequent effects on radiation. These radiative effects have a significant impact on climate, which needs to be quantified over key regions such as Amazonia. Furthermore, BB aerosols have a direct impact on the performance of numerical weather prediction models. The effects of biomass burning aerosol upon cloud microphysical and optical properties play a significant role in assessing the radiative influence of clouds. These are also processes that are poorly quantified and hence provide fundamental uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate change scenarios. To improve quantification of these uncertainties, the microphysical and chemical properties of biomass burning aerosol and its precursors need to be determined yet these remain uncertain and are known to be modified during their lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, it is important to assess the background state of the atmosphere in the region to understand the influence such large anthropogenic perturbations are having on the region. However, aerosol particles in the natural tropical atmosphere remain poorly understood.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the SAMBBA project was to investigate the properties of biomass burning aerosols over South America. The main biomass burning season occurs during Sept/Oct when deforestation fires and agricultural burning are prolific, particularly over central and south eastern parts of Brazil. These contribute to high loadings of biomass burning aerosol over much of South America with aerosol optical depths frequently exceeding 1 in many central parts of the continent. SAMBBA was a consortium of 7 university groups, the UK Met Office and a number of Brazilian partners, which delivered a suite of ground, aircraft and satellite measurements of Amazonian BBA and use this data to:\r\n\r\n-improve our knowledge of BB emissions;\r\n-challenge and improve the latest aerosol process models;\r\n-challenge and improve satellite retrievals;\r\n-test predictions of aerosol influences on regional climate and weather over Amazonia and the surrounding regions made using the next generation of climate and NWP models with extensive prognostic aerosol schemes; and\r\n-assess the impact of biomass burning on the Amazonian biosphere." } ], "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [ 67533, 67534, 67535, 67538, 67539, 67540, 67541, 67542, 67536, 67537 ], "onlineresource_set": [ 13261, 13259, 13260, 87739, 87740, 91575, 91576, 91571, 91572, 91573, 91574, 91577, 94834, 94835 ] }, { "ob_id": 17799, "uuid": "521cc8020983423b8adf716dd9296b83", "title": "FAAM B745 SAMBBA flight, number 15: Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites on board the BAE-146 aircraft", "abstract": "Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft during flight 15 for South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) project.", "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554", "lastUpdatedDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.272326", "latestDataUpdateTime": "2024-09-11T13:00:52", "updateFrequency": "notPlanned", "dataLineage": "Data were collected by instrument scientists during the flight before preparation and delivery for archiving at the NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre.", "removedDataReason": "", "keywords": "SAMBBA, FAAM, airborne, atmospheric measurments", "publicationState": "published", "nonGeographicFlag": false, "dontHarvestFromProjects": false, "language": "English", "resolution": "", "status": "completed", "dataPublishedTime": "2014-07-14T13:38:13.843572", "doiPublishedTime": null, "removedDataTime": null, "geographicExtent": { "ob_id": 1390, "bboxName": "", "eastBoundLongitude": -62.538299560546875, "westBoundLongitude": -63.902923583984375, "southBoundLatitude": -11.24407958984375, "northBoundLatitude": -8.69857406616211 }, "verticalExtent": null, "result_field": { "ob_id": 17798, "dataPath": "/badc/faam/data/2012/b745-sep-28", "oldDataPath": [], "storageLocation": "internal", "storageStatus": "online", "volume": 2611403572, "numberOfFiles": 58, "fileFormat": "Data are netCDF and NASA-Ames formatted. 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The pollution from biomass burning can have a substantial impact upon human health, as well as perturbing regional weather and climate through the emission of high concentrations of aerosol particles containing organic matter and black carbon. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate are very significant but extremely uncertain and so developing our understanding of them is crucial for predictions of future climate change.\r\n\r\nSAMBBA was an international consortium of 7 UK universities, the UK Met Office, InstitutoNacional de PesquisasEspaciais(INPE, Brazilian National Institute For Space Research) and the University of São Paulo. SAMBBA combined advanced ground, aircraft and satellite measurements during an intensive field campaign during September/October 2012. A total of 20 science flights were conducted on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the campaign. The aircraft was based in Porto Velho, the capital of Rondonia, where ground-based measurements were also conducted by the University of Sao Paulo.\r\n\r\nThe flights sampled a huge range of pollution conditions, ranging from extremely low concentrations of gas phase and aerosol species over the pristine Amazon rainforest, through to huge fire plumes emitting massive amounts of pollutants. The flights were often coordinated with satellites overpassing the flight track of the aircraft, which allowed us to combine our intensive measurements with those that occur routinely from space (see Fig. 1). A range of numerical models are also to be used during SAMBBA, which will help to put our measurements into context and they will also be improved by the measurements that were made during the campaign.\r\n\r\nThese measurements were used to improve our understanding of biomass burning emissions and how it evolves in the atmosphere. This knowledge helped us to challenge and improve numerical models and satellite retrievals in the future. Such knowledge advanced our ability to predict the impacts of biomass burning on human health, the Amazonian biosphere and on weather and climate. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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The pollution from biomass burning can have a substantial impact upon human health, as well as perturbing regional weather and climate through the emission of high concentrations of aerosol particles containing organic matter and black carbon. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate are very significant but extremely uncertain and so developing our understanding of them is crucial for predictions of future climate change.\r\n\r\nSAMBBA was an international consortium of 7 UK universities, the UK Met Office, InstitutoNacional de PesquisasEspaciais(INPE, Brazilian National Institute For Space Research) and the University of São Paulo. SAMBBA combined advanced ground, aircraft and satellite measurements during an intensive field campaign during September/October 2012. A total of 20 science flights were conducted on the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft during the campaign. 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It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection. \r\n\r\nData collected by this aircraft is stored in the FAAM data archive and includes \"core\" data, provided by the FAAM as a support to all flight campaigns, and \"non-core\" data, the nature of which depends on the scientific goal of the campaign.\r\n\r\nFAAM instruments provide four types of data: \r\n\r\n- parameters required for aircraft navigation; \r\n- meteorology; \r\n- cloud physics; \r\n- chemical composition. \r\n\r\nThe data are accompanied by extensive metadata, including flight logs. 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The effects of biomass burning aerosol upon cloud microphysical and optical properties play a significant role in assessing the radiative influence of clouds. These are also processes that are poorly quantified and hence provide fundamental uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate change scenarios. To improve quantification of these uncertainties, the microphysical and chemical properties of biomass burning aerosol and its precursors need to be determined yet these remain uncertain and are known to be modified during their lifetime in the atmosphere. Furthermore, it is important to assess the background state of the atmosphere in the region to understand the influence such large anthropogenic perturbations are having on the region. However, aerosol particles in the natural tropical atmosphere remain poorly understood.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the SAMBBA project was to investigate the properties of biomass burning aerosols over South America. The main biomass burning season occurs during Sept/Oct when deforestation fires and agricultural burning are prolific, particularly over central and south eastern parts of Brazil. These contribute to high loadings of biomass burning aerosol over much of South America with aerosol optical depths frequently exceeding 1 in many central parts of the continent. 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