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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.5 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.5 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.5 shows changes in annual mean surface temperatures, precipitation, and total column soil moisture.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has four panels with 11 maps. All data is provided, except for panel a1.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains:\r\n\r\n\r\n- Annual mean temperature change (°C) (relative to 1850-1900)\r\n- Annual mean precipitation change (%) (relative to 1850-1900)\r\n- Annual mean soil moisture change (standard deviation of interannual variability) (relative to 1850-1900)\r\n\r\n \r\nThe data is given for global warming levels (GWLs), namely +1.0°C (temperature only), +1.5°C, 2.0°C, and +4.0°C.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nPanel a:\r\n- Data file: Panel_a2_Simulated_temperature_change_at_1C.nc, simulated annual mean temperature change (°C) at 1°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (right).\r\n\r\nPanel b:\r\n- Data file: Panel_b1_Simulated_temperature_change_at_1_5C.nc, simulated annual mean temperature change (°C) at 1.5°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (left).\r\n- Data file: Panel_b2_Simulated_temperature_change_at_2C.nc, simulated annual mean temperature change (°C) at 2.0°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (center).\r\n- Data file: Panel_b3_Simulated_temperature_change_at_4C.nc, simulated annual mean temperature change (°C) at 4.0°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (right).\r\n\r\nPanel c:\r\n- Data file: Panel_c1_Simulated_precipitation_change_at_1_5C.nc, simulated annual mean precipitation change (%) at 1.5°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (left).\r\n- Data file: Panel_c2_Simulated_precipitation_change_at_2C.nc, simulated annual mean precipitation change (%) at 2.0°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (center).\r\n- Data file: Panel_c3_Simulated_precipitation_change_at_4C.nc, simulated annual mean precipitation change (%) at 4.0°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (right).\r\n\r\nPanel d:\r\n- Data file: Figure_SPM5_d1_cmip6_SM_tot_change_at_1_5C.nc, simulated annual mean total column soil moisture change (standard deviation) at 1.5°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (left).\r\n- Data file: Figure_SPM5_d2_cmip6_SM_tot_change_at_2C.nc, simulated annual mean total column soil moisture change (standard deviation) at 2.0°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (center).\r\n- Data file: Figure_SPM5_d3_cmip6_SM_tot_change_at_4C.nc, simulated annual mean total column soil moisture change  (standard deviation) at 4.0°C global warming relative to 1850-1900 (right).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n  The following weblink is provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n\r\n- Link to the report webpage, which includes the component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers), the Technical Summary (Figures TS.3 and TS.5) and the Supplementary Material for Chapters 1, 4 and 11, which contains details on the input data used in Tables 1.SM.1 (Figure 1.14), 4.SM.1 (Figures 4.31 and 4.32) and 11.SM.9 (Figure 11.19).",
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                "title": "Caption for Figure SPM.5 from the Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Panel a) Comparison of observed and simulated annual mean surface temperature change. The left map shows the observed changes in annual mean surface temperature in the period of 1850–2020 per °C of global warming (°C). The local (i.e., grid point) observed annual mean surface temperature changes are linearly regressed against the global surface temperature in the period 1850–2020. Observed temperature data are from Berkeley Earth, the dataset with the largest coverage and highest horizontal resolution. Linear regression is applied to all years for which data at the corresponding grid point is available. The regression method was used to take into account the complete observational time series and thereby reduce the role of internal variability at the grid point level. White indicates areas where time coverage was 100 years or less and thereby too short to calculate a reliable linear regression. The right map is based on model simulations and shows change in annual multi-model mean simulated temperatures at a global warming level of 1°C (20-year mean global surface temperature change relative to 1850–1900). The triangles at each end of the color bar indicate out-of-bound values, that is, values above or below the given limits. \r\n \r\nPanel b) Simulated annual mean temperature change (°C), panel c) precipitation change (%), and panel d) total column soil moisture change (standard deviation of interannual variability) at global warming levels of 1.5°C, 2°C and 4°C (20-yr mean global surface temperature change relative to 1850–1900). Simulated changes correspond to CMIP6 multi-model mean change (median change for soil moisture) at the corresponding global warming level, i.e. the same method as for the right map in panel a). In panel c), high positive percentage changes in dry regions may correspond to small absolute changes. In panel d), the unit is the standard deviation of interannual variability in soil moisture during 1850–1900. Standard deviation is a widely used metric in characterizing drought severity. A projected reduction in mean soil moisture by one standard deviation corresponds to soil moisture conditions typical of droughts that occurred about once every six years during 1850–1900. In panel d), large changes in dry regions with little interannual variability in the baseline conditions can correspond to small absolute change. The triangles at each end of the color bars indicate out-of-bound values, that is, values above or below the given limits. Results from all models reaching the corresponding warming level in any of the five illustrative scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) are averaged. Maps of annual mean temperature and precipitation changes at a global warming level of 3°C are available in Figure 4.31 and Figure 4.32 in Section 4.6.\r\nCorresponding maps of panels b), c) and d) including hatching to indicate the level of model agreement at grid-cell level are found in Figures 4.31, 4.32 and 11.19, respectively; as highlighted in CC-box Atlas.1, grid-cell level hatching is not informative for larger spatial scales (e.g., over AR6 reference regions) where the aggregated signals are less affected by small-scale variability leading to an increase in robustness.\r\n\r\n{TS.1.3.2, Figure TS.3, Figure TS.5, Figure 1.14, 4.6.1, Cross-Chapter Box 11.1, Cross-Chapter Box Atlas.1}"
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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            "title": "Extreme precipitation return level changes at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours for 2050 and 2070, derived from UKCP Local Projections on a 5km grid for the FUTURE-DRAINAGE Project",
            "abstract": "Extreme short-duration precipitation changes, derived from the UKCP Local projections at 5km resolution (Kendon et al 2021) have been estimated using a spatial statistical model as part of the NERC-funded Future-Drainage project. Future changes (\"\"uplifts\"\") are estimated for 2050 and 2070 for RCP8.5 compared to the baseline of 1990 for precipitation durations of 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-hours. 2070 is the central year for 2060-2080 (\"\"UKCP Local TS3\"\") time-slice, and 2050 value is an interpolation between TS3 and 2020-2040 (\"\"UKCP Local TS2\"\") time-slice. 2050 is an important date for the UK water industry in its delivery of Drainage and Wastewater Management Plans (DWMPs; Water UK, 2019). Return level changes are provided for 2, 30, and 100-year return periods. The data is on the OSGB 1936/EPSG:27700 projection at 5km resolution.  The underlying statistical model is described in Youngman (2018, 2020) and is applied individually to each of the twelve UKCP Local ensemble members. Future changes plus their uncertainties from each ensemble member are then combined following the method described in Fosser et al (2020).\r\n\r\nTwo estimates of future changes are provided from this \"\"super-ensemble\"\" by estimating percentiles from the distribution obtained using the Fosser et al (2020) method - a central (50%) and high (95%) estimate. Values are rounded to nearest 5%. The future changes are available for each 5km grid point within the borders of the United Kingdom, provided as ERSI shapefiles and a CSV (comma-separated values) file, with separate files for different durations.\"",
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                    "abstract": "The FUTURE-DRAINAGE project aims to provide revised rainfall uplifts for urban drainage modelling using the latest UKCP high resolution climate projections and develop new guidance for urban drainage design and modelling surface water flooding in urban areas. The project is funded by NERC. NE/S016678/1"
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CHES  CHESTERBLADE BANKS FM  2339   22615   367050     140950       155\r\n22  301  BADG  BADGER SET MANOR FM    2332   22510   367070     139050       110\r\n23  302  MILT  MILTON WOOD CORN FIELD 2330   22620   366660     137290       122\r\n24  303  GREE  GREENSCOME FIELD       2326   22629   367330     136660       172\r\n25  304  CRAB  CRABTREE LANE FIELD    2350   22503   366880     135070        95\r\n26  305  PITC  PITCOMBE FIELD         2320   22526   367030     132980        75\r\n27  306  HADS  HADSPEN HOUSE FIELDS   2310   22515   366710     131330       103\r\n28  307  FRAN  FRANCOMBE LANE FIELDS  9999   99999   367270     130700       112\r\n29  308  BATC  BATCOMBE HILL FIELDS   2354   22519   369000     141000       193\r\n30  309  QUAR  QUARRY FIELD BATCOMBE  2317   22605   368660     139330       163\r\n31  310  SEAT  SEAT LANE FIELD        2356   22627   369360     138660       105\r\n32  311  WHAD  WHADDONN FARM FIELDS   2353   22623   369020     136950       124\r\n33  312  FLAG  SEPTIC TANK COMPOUND   2351   22604   368900     135100        70\r\n34  313  NEWH  NEW HOUSE FARM FIELD   9999   99999   368340     133680        87\r\n35  314  GODW  GODMINSTER WOODS       2321   22608   368970     133520        97\r\n36  315  DROP  DROPPING LANE FARM     2328   22499   369690     133690       157\r\n37  316  GODM  GODMINSTER FARM        9999   99999   368480     133010       102\r\n38  317  REDL  REDLYNCH FARM STUMP    9999   99999   369520     133050       108\r\n39  318  DODD  DODDS CORNER FIELD     9999   99999   368260     132350       999\r\n40  319  TOWE  TOWERS FIELD           9999   99999   369000     132490       999\r\n41  320  POND  POND FIELD BY TOWERS   2344   22521   369630     132220       999\r\n42  321  KNOW  KNOWLE FIELD BY STREAM 2316   22628   369000     131000       999\r\n43  322  UPTO  UPTON NOBLE FIELD      9999   99999   999999     999999       999\r\n44  323  GOOD  GOODEDGE FARM FIELDS   2348   22501   371850     136950       115\r\n45  324  COGL  COGLY WOOD FIELDS      2355   22512   370780     135400       110\r\n46  325  HORS  HORSLEY FARM FIELDS    2336   22517   371300     134720       125\r\n47  326  MOWO  MOOR WOOD FIELDS       2321   22508   371120     132960       127\r\n48  327  WALT  WALTERS FARM FIELD     2318   22621   372670     137300       123\r\n49  328  COOK  COOKS FARM FIELD       2324   22523   373330     136670       110\r\n50  329  CRAW  CRAWLY FARM FIELD      2335   22500   373000     135000       120\r\n51  330  GLAD  GLADWELL FARM FIELD    2346   22609   375000     137000       148\r\nOTHER SITES OUTSIDE OF BRUE CATCHMENT (EA data)\r\n52\t PENR   PENRIDGE                             375500     132200\r\n53\t CHAR   CHARD\t\t       \t\t     333200     109500\r\n54       CATL   CASTLETON\t\t\t     364600     116600\r\n55\t FULW   FULWOOD\t\t\t\t     321300     119700\r\n56\t MAUN   MAUNDOWN\t\t\t     305500     129100\r\n57       MOUN   MOUNT ST NURSERIES                   323100     124000\r\n58       RIVE   RIVERS HOUSE\t\t\t     330100     137700\r\n59       NORT   NORTH BREWHAM\t\t\t     372200     137000\r\n60\t DARS   DARSHILL                \t     360100     144000\r\n61\t GOLD   GOLDS CORNER\t\t\t     336700     143100\r\n62\t GEOR   ST GEORGE\t\t\t     337800     163100\r\n64\t SOME   SOMERTON\t\t\t     348700     129500"
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                    "title": "Hydrological Radar Experiment (HYREX)",
                    "abstract": "The Hydrological Radar Experiment (HYREX) was a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Special Topic which ran from May 1993 to April 1997. The broad aim of HYREX was to gain a better understanding of rainfall variability, as sensed by weather radar, and how this variability impacts on river flow at the catchment scale."
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.8 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.8 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.8 shows selected indicators of global climate change under the five core scenarios used in this report.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has five panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c, panel_d and panel_e.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains:\r\n\r\n  - Historical, SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 Global Surface Air Temperature (GSAT) anomalies relative to 1850-1900 (20 year means)\r\n  - Historical, SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 September sea-ice area\r\n  - Historical, SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 Global ocean surface pH\r\n  - Historical sea level relative to 1900 from gauges (to 1992) and altimeters (1993 on) (offset 0.158 m vs. 1995-2014)\r\n  - AR6 sea level projections relative to 1900 (offset 0.158 m vs. 1995-2014)\r\n  - AR6 assessed global mean sea level at 2300 relative to 1900 (offset 0.158 m vs. 1995-2014)\r\n\r\nThe five illustrative SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway) scenarios are described in Box SPM.1 of the Summary for Policymakers and Section 1.6.1.1 of Chapter 1.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Panel a:  Near-Surface Air Temperature\r\n\r\n  - Data file: panel_a/tas_global_Historical.csv (black line and grey shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_a/tas_global_SSP1_1_9.csv (cyan line)\r\n  - Data file: panel_a/tas_global_SSP1_2_6.csv (blue line and blue shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_a/tas_global_SSP2_4_5.csv (orange line)\r\n  - Data file: panel_a/tas_global_SSP3_7_0.csv (red line and red shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_a/tas_global_SSP5_8_5.csv (brown line)\r\n\r\n\r\nPanel b: Sea-Ice Area\r\n\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/sia_arctic_september_Historical.csv (black line and grey shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/sia_arctic_september_SSP1_1_9.csv (cyan line)\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/sia_arctic_september_SSP1_2_6.csv (blue line and blue shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/sia_arctic_september_SSP2_4_5.csv (orange line)\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/sia_arctic_september_SSP3_7_0.csv (red line and red shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/sia_arctic_september_SSP5_8_5.csv (brown line)\r\n\r\n\r\nPanel c: Ocean Surface pH\r\n\r\n  - Data file: panel_c/phos_global_Historical.csv (black line and grey shading\r\n  - Data file: panel_c/phos_global_SSP1_1_9.csv (cyan line\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/phos_global_SSP1_2_6.csv (blue line and blue shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_c/phos_global_SSP2_4_5.csv (orange line)\r\n  - Data file: panel_c/phos_global_SSP3_7_0.csv (red line and red shading)\r\n  - Data file: panel_c/phos_global_SSP5_8_5.csv (brown line)\r\n\r\n\r\nPanel d: Sea Level\r\n\r\n - Data file: panel_d/global_sea_level_observed.csv (black line)\r\n - Data file: panel_d/global_sea_level_projected.csv (cyan, blue, orange, red and brown lines, red and blue shading)\r\n\r\n\r\nPanel e: Sea Level\r\n\r\n - Data file: panel_e: global_sea_level_2300_assessed.csv (columns 2 and 3, SSP1-2.6 scenario; columns 4 to 6 SSP5-8.5 scenario)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers)",
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                "short_code": "comp",
                "title": "Caption for Figure SPM.8 from the Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Selected indicators of global climate change under the five illustrative scenarios used in this report. \r\n\r\nThe projections for each of the five scenarios are shown in colour. Shades represent uncertainty ranges – more detail is provided for each panel below. The black curves represent the historical simulations (panels a, b, c) or the observations (panel d). Historical values are included in all graphs to provide context for the projected future changes. \r\n\r\nPanel a) Global surface temperature changes in °C relative to 1850–1900. These changes were obtained by combining CMIP6 model simulations with observational constraints based on past simulated warming, as well as an updated assessment of equilibrium climate sensitivity (see Box SPM.1). Changes relative to 1850–1900 based on 20-year averaging periods are calculated by adding 0.85°C (the observed global surface temperature increase from 1850–1900 to 1995–2014) to simulated changes relative to 1995–2014. Very likely ranges are shown for SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0.\r\n\r\nPanel b) September Arctic sea ice area in 10^6 km^2 based on CMIP6 model simulations. Very likely ranges are shown for SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0. The Arctic is projected to be practically ice-free near mid-century under mid- and high GHG emissions scenarios.\r\n\r\nPanel c) Global ocean surface pH (a measure of acidity) based on CMIP6 model simulations. Very likely ranges are shown for SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0.\r\n\r\nPanel d) Global mean sea level change in meters relative to 1900. The historical changes are observed (from tide gauges before 1992 and altimeters afterwards), and the future changes are assessed consistently with observational constraints based on emulation of CMIP, ice sheet, and glacier models. Likely ranges are shown for SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0. Only likely ranges are assessed for sea level changes due to difficulties in estimating the distribution of deeply uncertain processes. The dashed curve indicates the potential impact of these deeply uncertain processes. It shows the 83rd percentile of SSP5-8.5 projections that include low-likelihood, high-impact ice sheet processes that cannot be ruled out; because of low confidence in projections of these processes, this curve does not constitute part of a likely range. Changes relative to 1900 are calculated by adding 0.158 m (observed global mean sea level rise from 1900 to 1995–2014) to simulated and observed changes relative to 1995–2014.\r\n\r\nPanel e): Global mean sea level change at 2300 in meters relative to 1900. Only SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 are projected at 2300, as simulations that extend beyond 2100 for the other scenarios are too few for robust results. The 17th–83rd percentile ranges are shaded. The dashed arrow illustrates the 83rd percentile of SSP5-8.5 projections that include low-likelihood, high-impact ice sheet processes that cannot be ruled out.\r\n\r\nPanels b) and c) are based on single simulations from each model, and so include a component of internal variability. Panels a), d) and e) are based on long-term averages, and hence the contributions from internal variability are small.\r\n\r\n{Figure TS.8, Figure TS.11, Box TS.4 Figure 1, Box TS.4 Figure 1, 4.3, 9.6, Figure 4.2, Figure 4.8, Figure 4.11, Figure 9.27}"
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.6 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.6 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.6 shows projected changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme temperature, extreme precipitation and droughts.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has four panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c and panel_d.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nThis dataset contains:\r\n- Changes in annual maximum temperature (TXx) extremes for intensity (°C) and frequency (-) for 1 in 10 year and 1 in 50 year events (relative to 1850-1900)\r\n- Changes in annual maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day) extremes for intensity (%) and frequency (-) for 1 in 10 year events (relative to 1850-1900)\r\n- Changes in soil moisture-based drought events for intensity (standard deviation) and frequency (-) for 1 in 10 year events (relative to 1850-1900)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nData provided in relation to figure\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nPanel a:\r\n- Data file: panel_a/TXx_freq_change_10_year_event.csv ('Hot temperature extremes') [column 2 dark dots, columns 5 and 6 light dots]\r\n- Data file: panel_a/TXx_intens_change_10_year_event.csv ('Hot temperature extremes') [column 2 dark bars, columns 5 and 6 light bars]\r\nPanel b:\r\n- Data file: panel_b/TXx_freq_change_50_year_event.csv ('Hot temperature extremes') [column 2 dark dots, columns 5 and 6 light dots]\r\n- Data file: panel_b/TXx_intens_change_50_year_event.csv ('Hot temperature extremes') [column 2 dark bars, columns 5 and 6 light bars]\r\n \r\nPanel c:\r\n- Data file: panel_c/Rx1day_freq_change_10_year_event.csv ('Extreme precipitation over land') [column 2 dark dots, columns 5 and 6 light dots]\r\n- Data file: panel_c/Rx1day_intens_change_10_year_event.csv ('Extreme precipitation over land') [column 2 dark bars, columns 5 and 6 light bars]\r\nPanel d:\r\n- Data file: panel_d/drought_freq_change_10_year_event.csv ('Drought')  [column 2 dark dots, columns 5 and 6 light dots]\r\n- Data file: panel_d/drought_intens_change_10_year_event.csv ('Drought') [column 2 dark bars, columns 5 and 6 light bars]\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nNotes on reproducing the figure from the provided data\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n- The 50th, 5th, and 95th percentiles are shown on the figure (lines on the bars).\r\n- The drought intensity shows 'drying' while the data file shows the change in soil moisture (i.e., a negative soil moisture change corresponds to a positive drying signal).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n  The following weblink is provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n  - - Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers) and the Supplementary Material for Chapter 11, which contains details on the input data used in Table 11.SM.9. (Figures 11.15, 11.6, 11.7, 11.12, and 11.18)",
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                "ob_id": 32908,
                "uuid": "5e51855a28ff48babd9b881ad5b899d9",
                "short_code": "comp",
                "title": "Caption for Figure SPM.6 from the Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Projected changes in the intensity and frequency of hot temperature extremes over land, extreme precipitation over land, and agricultural and ecological droughts in drying regions.\r\n \r\nProjected changes are shown at global warming levels of 1°C, 1.5°C, 2°C, and 4°C and are relative to 1850-1900 {Footnote } representing a climate without human influence. The figure depicts frequencies and increases in intensity of 10- or 50-year extreme events from the base period (1850-1900) under different global warming levels.\r\nHot temperature extremes are defined as the daily maximum temperatures over land that were exceeded on average once in a decade (10-year event) or once in 50 years (50-year event) during the 1850–1900 reference period. Extreme precipitation events are defined as the daily precipitation amount over land that was exceeded on average once in a decade during the 1850–1900 reference period. Agricultural and ecological drought events are defined as the annual average of total column soil moisture below the 10th percentile of the 1850–1900 base period. These extremes are defined on model grid box scale. For hot temperature extremes and extreme precipitation, results are shown for the global land. For agricultural and ecological drought, results are shown for drying regions only, which correspond to the AR6 regions in which there is at least medium confidence in a projected increase in agricultural/ecological drought at the 2°C warming level compared to the 1850–1900 base period in CMIP6. These regions include W. North-America, C. North-America, N. Central-America, S. Central-America, Caribbean, N. South-America, N.E. South-America, South-American-Monsoon, S.W. South-America, S. South-America, West & Central-Europe, Mediterranean, W. Southern-Africa, E. Southern-Africa, Madagascar, E. Australia, S. Australia (Caribbean is not included in the calculation of the figure because of the too small number of full land grid cells). The non-drying regions do not show an overall increase or decrease in drought severity. Projections of changes in agricultural and ecological droughts in the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble differ from those in CMIP6 in some regions, including in part of Africa and Asia. Assessments on projected changes in meteorological and hydrological droughts are provided in Chapter 11. {11.6, 11.9}\r\n \r\nIn the ‘frequency’ section, each year is represented by a dot. The dark dots indicate years in which the extreme threshold is exceeded, while light dots are years when the threshold is not exceeded. Values correspond to the medians (in bold) and their respective 5%-95% range based on the multi-model ensemble from simulations of CMIP6 under different SSP scenarios. For consistency, the number of dark dots is based on the rounded-up median. In the ‘intensity’ section, medians and their 5%-95% range, also based on the multi-model ensemble from simulations of CMIP6, are displayed as dark and light bars, respectively. Changes in the intensity of hot temperature extremes and extreme precipitations are expressed as degree celsius and percentage. As for agricultural and ecological drought, intensity changes are expressed as fractions of standard deviation of annual soil moisture.\r\n \r\n{11.1, 11.3, 11.4, 11.6, Figure 11.12, Figure 11.15, Figure 11.6, Figure 11.7, Figure 11.18}\r\n\r\nFootnote: The period 1850–1900 represents the earliest period of sufficiently globally complete observations to estimate global surface temperature and, consistent with AR5 and SR1.5, is used as an approximation for pre-industrial conditions."
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                    "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report",
                    "abstract": "Data for the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nWhen using the datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated on each individual specific dataset, rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure SPM.1\r\n- data for Figure SPM.2\r\n- data for Figure SPM.3\r\n- data for Figure SPM.4\r\n- data for Figure SPM.5\r\n- data for Figure SPM.6\r\n- data for Figure SPM.7\r\n- data for Figure SPM.8\r\n- data for Figure SPM.9\r\n- data for Figure SPM.10"
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            "ob_id": 32909,
            "uuid": "76cad0b4f6f141ada1c44a4ce9e7d4bd",
            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.1 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.1 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.1 shows global temperature history and causes of recent warming.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n  When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe figure has two panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a and panel_b.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nPanel a\r\n\r\nThe dataset contains:\r\n\r\n -  Estimated temperature during the warmest multi-century period in at least the last 100,000 years, which occurred around 6500 years ago (4500 BCE), multi-centennial average, from AR6 WGI Chapter 2\r\n - Global surface temperature change time series relative to 1850-1900 for 1-2020 from:\r\n• 1-2000 CE reconstruction from paleoclimate archives, decadal smoothed, from PAGES2k Consortium (2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0)\r\n• 1850-2020 CE, observations, decadal smoothed, from AR6 WGI Chapter 2 assessed mean\r\n\r\nPanel b:\r\n\r\nThe dataset contains global surface temperature change time series relative to 1850-1900 for 1850-2020 from simulations from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and observations:\r\n\r\n- CMIP6 historical+ssp245 simulations (simulations with human and natural forcing, 1850-2019)\r\n- CMIP6 hist-nat simulations (simulations with natural forcing, 1850-2019)\r\n- Global Surface Temperature Anomalies (GSTA) relative to 1850-1900 from observations assessed in IPCC AR6 WG1 Chapter 2 (1850-2020)\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nPanel a:\r\n\r\n- panel_a/SPM1_1-2000_recon.txt, 1-2000 time series, decadal smoothed, for years centered on 5-1996 CE [column 1 grey line, columns 2 and 3 grey shading]\r\n- panel_a/SPM1_1850-2020_obs.txt, 1850-2020 time series, decadal smoothed, for years centered on 1855-2016 CE [black line]\r\n- panel_a/SPM1_6500_recon.txt, bar for the warmest multi-century period in more than 100,000 years (around 6500 years ago: 4500 BCE) [grey bar]\r\n\r\nPanel b:\r\n\r\n- panel_b/gmst_changes_model_and_obs.csv. Global surface temperature change time series relative to 1850-1900 for 1850-2020 from:\r\n• CMIP6 historical+ssp245 simulations (1850-2019) [mean, brown line]\r\n• CMIP6 historical+ssp245 simulations (1850-2019) [5% range, brown shading, bottom]\r\n• CMIP6 historical+ssp245 simulations (1850-2019) [95% range, brown shading, top]\r\n• CMIP6 hist-nat simulations (1850-2019) [mean, green line]\r\n• CMIP6 hist-nat simulations (1850-2019) [5% range, green shading, bottom]\r\n• CMIP6 hist-nat simulations (1850-2019) [95% range, green shading, top]\r\n• Global Surface Temperature Anomalies (GSTA) relative to 1850-1900 from observations assessed in IPCC AR6 WG1 Chapter 2 (1850-2020) [black line]\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n\r\n- Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers), the Technical Summary (Cross-Section Box TS.1, Figure 1a) and the Supplementary Material for Chapters 2 and 3, which contains details on the input data used in Tables 2.SM.1 (Figure 2.11a) and 3.SM.1 (Figure 3.2c; FAQ 3.1, Figure 1).\r\n-  Link to related publication for input data",
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                "abstract": "History of global temperature change and causes of recent warming\r\n\r\nPanel a): Changes in global surface temperature reconstructed from paleoclimate archives (solid grey line, 1–2000) and from direct observations (solid black line, 1850–2020), both relative to 1850–1900 and decadally averaged. The vertical bar on the left shows the estimated temperature (very likely range) during the warmest multi-century period in at least the last 100,000 years, which occurred around 6500 years ago during the current interglacial period (Holocene). The Last Interglacial, around 125,000 years ago, is the next most recent candidate for a period of higher temperature. These past warm periods were caused by slow (multi-millennial) orbital variations. The grey shading with white diagonal lines shows the very likely ranges for the temperature reconstructions. \r\n\r\nPanel b): Changes in global surface temperature over the past 170 years (black line) relative to 1850–1900 and annually averaged, compared to CMIP6 climate model simulations (see Box SPM.1) of the temperature response to both human and natural drivers (brown), and to only natural drivers (solar and volcanic activity, green). Solid coloured lines show the multi-model average, and coloured shades show the very likely range of simulations. (see Figure SPM.2 for the assessed contributions to warming). \r\n\r\n{2.3.1, 3.3, Cross-Chapter Box 2.3, Cross-Section Box TS.1, Figure 1a, TS.2.2}"
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.9 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.9 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.9 provides a synthesis of the number of AR6 WGI reference regions where climatic impact-drivers are projected to change.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nTemporal range\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nChanges refer to a 20–30 year period centred around 2050 and/or consistent with 2°C global warming compared to a similar period within 1960-2014 or 1850-1900.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has two panels, with data provided for all panels in a single file named consolidated_data_figure_SPM9.csv\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nThis dataset contains the number of AR6 WGI regions where climatic impact-drivers are projected to change if a global warming level of 2°C is reached compared to a climatological reference period included within 1960-2014.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nData file: consolidated_data_figure_SPM.9.csv (count of regions with increasing or decreasing changes in climatic impact-drivers); relates to panel (a) and panel (b) and it's shown by the bars in the figure. The first row of data relates to the darker purple bars, the second row to the lighter purple bars, the third row to the lighter brown bars and the fourth row to the darker brown bars. Row 5 represents the maximum number of regions for which each climatic impact-driver is relevant. It is shown on the figure as the lighter-shaded ‘envelope’.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n\r\n - Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers)",
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                "title": "Caption for Figure SPM.9 from the Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Synthesis of the number of AR6 WGI reference regions where climatic impact-drivers are projected to change\r\n\r\nA total of 35 climatic impact-drivers (CIDs) grouped into seven types are shown: heat and cold, wet and dry, wind, snow and ice, coastal, open ocean and other. For each CID, the bar in the graph below displays the number of AR6 WGI reference regions where it is projected to change. The colours represent the direction of change and the level of confidence in the change: purple indicates an increase while brown indicates a decrease; darker and lighter shades refer to high and medium confidence, respectively. Lighter background colours represent the maximum number of regions for which each CID is broadly relevant.\r\n\r\nPanel a) shows the 30 CIDs relevant to the land and coastal regions while panel b) shows the 5 CIDs relevant to the open ocean regions. Marine heatwaves and ocean acidity are assessed for coastal ocean regions in panel a) and for open ocean regions in panel b). Changes refer to a 20–30 year period centred around 2050 and/or consistent with 2°C global warming compared to a similar period within 1960-2014, except for hydrological drought and agricultural and ecological drought which is compared to 1850-1900. Definitions of the regions are provided in Atlas.1 and the Interactive Atlas (see interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch). \r\n\r\n{Table TS.5, Figure TS.22, Figure TS.25, 11.9, 12.2, 12.4, Atlas.1} (Table SPM.1)"
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.10 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.10 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.10 shows global warming as a function of cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nWhen citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has two panels that are closely linked. Data files for the top panel are labelled with 'Top_panel' while data files for the bottom panel are labelled with 'Bottom_panel'. \r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThis dataset contains:\r\n\r\nTop panel:\r\n\r\n- Cumulative global total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (1850-2019)\r\n- Global surface temperature increase relative to 1850-1900 (1850-2019)\r\n- Estimated human-caused warming relative to 1850-1900 (1850-2019)\r\n- Projected global total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions for the five scenarios of the AR6 WGI core set of scenarios (2015-2050)\r\n- Assessed global surface temperature increase relative to 1850-1900 for the five scenarios of the AR6 WGI core set of scenarios (2015-2050)\r\n\r\nBottom panel:\r\n\r\n- Cumulative global total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (1850-2019)\r\n- Projected global total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions for the five scenarios of the AR6 WGI core set of scenarios (2015-2050)\r\n\r\nThe illustrative SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway) scenarios (referred to here as core scenarios) are described in Box SPM.1 of the Summary for Policymakers and Section 1.6.1.1 of Chapter 1.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nTop panel: \r\n•\tTop_panel_HISTORY.csv: historical CO2 emissions, global surface temperature increase since 1850-1900 for the 1850-2019 period, estimated human-caused warming since 1850-1900 over the 1850-2019 period. [row 1 for black line, grey line and grey range, row 2 for black line, row 3 to 5 range and central grey range]\r\n•\tTop_panel_SSP1-19.csv: projected CO2 emissions, assessed projections of global surface temperature increase relative to the 1850-1900 period for the period 2015-2050 [row 1 and 2 for central lines, row 1, 3, and 4 for ranges]\r\n•\tTop_panel_SSP1-26.csv: projected CO2 emissions, assessed projections of global surface temperature increase relative to the 1850-1900 period for the period 2015-2050 [row 1 and 2 for central lines, row 1, 3, and 4 for ranges]\r\n•\tTop_panel_SSP2-45.csv: projected CO2 emissions, assessed projections of global surface temperature increase relative to the 1850-1900 period for the period 2015-2050 [row 1 and 2 for central lines, row 1, 3, and 4 for ranges]\r\n•\tTop_panel_SSP3-70.csv: projected CO2 emissions, assessed projections of global surface temperature increase relative to the 1850-1900 period for the period 2015-2050 [row 1 and 2 for central lines, row 1, 3, and 4 for ranges]\r\n•\tTop_panel_SSP5-85.csv: projected CO2 emissions, assessed projections of global surface temperature increase relative to the 1850-1900 period for the period 2015-2050 [row 1 and 2 for central lines, row 1, 3, and 4 for ranges]\r\n\r\nBottom panel: \r\n•\tBottom_panel_GtCO2_historical.csv: historical CO2 emissions [grey bars]\r\n•\tBottom_panel_GtCO2_projections.csv; projected CO2 emissions for the five scenarios in the core set of IPCC AR6 WG1 scenarios [coloured bars]\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n   The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n\r\n   - Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers) the Technical Summary (Section TS.3.3). and the Supplementary Material for Chapter 5, which contains details on the input data used in Table 5.SM.6 (Figure 5.31)\r\n   - Link to related publications for input data",
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                "abstract": "Near-linear relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and the increase in global surface temperature. \r\n\r\nTop panel: Historical data (thin black line) shows observed global surface temperature increase in °C since 1850–1900 as a function of historical cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in GtCO2 from 1850 to 2019. The grey range with its central line shows a corresponding estimate of the historical human-caused surface warming (see Figure SPM.2). Coloured areas show the assessed very likely range of global surface temperature projections, and thick coloured central lines show the median estimate as a function of cumulative CO2 emissions from 2020 until year 2050 for the set of illustrative scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, see Figure SPM.4). Projections use the cumulative CO2 emissions of each respective scenario, and the projected global warming includes the contribution from all anthropogenic forcers. The relationship is illustrated over the domain of cumulative CO2 emissions for which there is high confidence that the transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions (TCRE) remains constant, and for the time period from 1850 to 2050 over which global CO2 emissions remain net positive under all illustrative scenarios as there is limited evidence supporting the quantitative application of TCRE to estimate temperature evolution under net negative CO2 emissions.\r\n\r\nBottom panel: Historical and projected cumulative CO2 emissions in GtCO2 for the respective scenarios.\r\n\r\n{Figure TS.18, Figure 5.31, Section 5.5}"
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nWhen using the datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated on each individual specific dataset, rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure SPM.1\r\n- data for Figure SPM.2\r\n- data for Figure SPM.3\r\n- data for Figure SPM.4\r\n- data for Figure SPM.5\r\n- data for Figure SPM.6\r\n- data for Figure SPM.7\r\n- data for Figure SPM.8\r\n- data for Figure SPM.9\r\n- data for Figure SPM.10"
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.4 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.4 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.4 panel a shows global emissions projections for CO2 and a set of key non-CO2 climate drivers, for the core set of five IPCC AR6 scenarios. Figure SPM.4 panel b shows attributed warming in 2081-2100 relative to 1850-1900 for total anthropogenic, CO2, other greenhouse gases, and other anthropogenic forcings for five Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe figure has two panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a and panel_b.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains:\r\n\r\n  - Projected emissions from 2015 to 2100 for the five scenarios of the AR6 WGI core scenario set (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5)\r\n  - Projected warming for all anthropogenic forcers, CO2 only, non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) only, and other anthropogenic components for 2081-2100 relative to 1850-1900, for SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5.\r\n\r\nThe five illustrative SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway) scenarios are described in Box SPM.1 of the Summary for Policymakers and Section 1.6.1.1 of Chapter 1.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Panel a:\r\n\r\n\r\n The first column includes the years, while the next columns include the data per scenario and per climate forcer for the line graphs.\r\n\r\n  - Data file: Carbon_dioxide_Gt_CO2_yr.csv. relates to Carbon dioxide emissions panel\r\n  - Data file: Methane_Mt_CO2_yr.csv. relates to Methane emissions panel\r\n  - Data file: Nitrous_oxide_Mt N2O_yr.csv. relates to Nitrous oxide emissions panel\r\n  - Data file: Sulfur_dioxide_Mt SO2_yr.csv. relates to Sulfur dioxide emissions panel\r\n\r\n  Panel b:\r\n\r\n  - Data file: ts_warming_ranges_1850-1900_base_panel_b.csv. [Rows 2 to 5 relate to the first bar chart (cyan). Rows 6 to 9 relate to the second bar chart (blue). Rows 10 to 13 relate to the third bar chart (orange). Rows 14 to 17 relate to the fourth bar chart (red). Rows 18 to 21 relate to the fifth bar chart (brown).].\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n  The following weblink are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n- Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers) and  the Supplementary Material for Chapter 1, which contains details on the input data used in Table 1.SM.1..(Cross-Chapter Box 1.4, Figure 2).\r\n- Link to related publication for input data used in panel a.",
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                "short_code": "comp",
                "title": "Caption for Figure SPM.4 from the Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Future anthropogenic emissions of key drivers of climate change and warming contributions by groups of drivers for the five illustrative scenarios used in this report.\r\n\r\nThe five scenarios are SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5.\r\n\r\nPanel a) Annual anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions over the 2015–2100 period. Shown are emissions trajectories for carbon dioxide (CO2) from all sectors (GtCO2/yr) (left graph) and for a subset of three key non-CO2 drivers considered in the scenarios: methane (CH4, MtCH4/yr, top-right graph), nitrous oxide (N2O, MtN2O/yr, middle-right graph) and sulfur dioxide (SO2, MtSO2/yr, bottom-right graph, contributing to anthropogenic aerosols in panel b).\r\n\r\nPanel b) Warming contributions by groups of anthropogenic drivers and by scenario are shown as change in global surface temperature (°C) in 2081–2100 relative to 1850–1900, with indication of the observed warming to date. Bars and whiskers represent median values and the very likely range, respectively. Within each scenario bar plot, the bars represent total global warming (°C; total bar) (see Table SPM.1) and warming contributions (°C) from changes in CO2 (CO2 bar), from non-CO2 greenhouse gases (non-CO2 GHGs bar; comprising well-mixed greenhouse gases and ozone) and net cooling from other anthropogenic drivers (aerosols and land-use bar; anthropogenic aerosols, changes in reflectance due to land-use and irrigation changes, and contrails from aviation; see Figure SPM.2, panel c, for the warming contributions to date for individual drivers). The best estimate for observed warming in 2010–2019 relative to 1850–1900 (see Figure SPM.2, panel a) is indicated in the darker column in the total bar. Warming contributions in panel b are calculated as explained in Table SPM.1 for the total bar. For the other bars the contribution by groups of drivers are calculated with a physical climate emulator of global surface temperature which relies on climate sensitivity and radiative forcing assessments.\r\n\r\n{Cross-Chapter Box 1.4, 4.6, Figure 4.35, 6.7, Figure 6.18, 6.22 and 6.24, Cross-Chapter Box 7.1, 7.3, Figure 7.7, Box TS.7, Figures TS.4 and TS.15}"
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                    "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report",
                    "abstract": "Data for the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nWhen using the datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated on each individual specific dataset, rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure SPM.1\r\n- data for Figure SPM.2\r\n- data for Figure SPM.3\r\n- data for Figure SPM.4\r\n- data for Figure SPM.5\r\n- data for Figure SPM.6\r\n- data for Figure SPM.7\r\n- data for Figure SPM.8\r\n- data for Figure SPM.9\r\n- data for Figure SPM.10"
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.7 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.7 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.7 shows the cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions taken up by land and ocean sinks by 2100 under the five core scenarios.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nWhen citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThis dataset contains cumulative anthropogenic (human-caused) carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions taken up by the land and ocean sinks under the five core scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), simulated from 1850 to 2100 by Earth System Models that contributed to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).\r\n\r\nThe five illustrative SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway) scenarios are described in Box SPM.1 of the Summary for Policymakers and Section 1.6.1.1 of Chapter 1.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nData file: SPM7_data.csv: each column corresponds to a single scenario, in which rows 2-7 are the bar values, rows 8-10 are the pie chart values and row 11 is the central value in the pie chart.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe following weblink is provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n- Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers).",
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                "title": "Caption for Figure SPM.7 from the Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions taken up by land and ocean sinks by 2100 under the five illustrative scenarios. The cumulative anthropogenic (human-caused) carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions taken up by the land and ocean sinks under the five illustrative scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) are simulated from 1850 to 2100 by CMIP6 climate models in the concentration-driven simulations. Land and ocean carbon sinks respond to past, current and future emissions, therefore cumulative sinks from 1850 to 2100 are presented here. During the historical period (1850-2019) the observed land and ocean sink took up 1430 GtCO2 (59% of the emissions). The bar chart illustrates the projected amount of cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions (GtCO2) between 1850 and 2100 remaining in the atmosphere (grey part) and taken up by the land and ocean (coloured part) in the year 2100. The doughnut chart illustrates the proportion of the cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions taken up by the land and ocean sinks and remaining in the atmosphere in the year 2100. Values in % indicate the proportion of the cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions taken up by the combined land and ocean sinks in the year 2100. The overall anthropogenic carbon emissions are calculated by adding the net global land use emissions from CMIP6 scenario database to the other sectoral emissions calculated from climate model runs with prescribed CO2 concentrations*FOOTNOTE. Land and ocean CO2 uptake since 1850 is calculated from the net biome productivity on land, corrected for CO2 losses due to land-use change by adding the land-use change emissions, and net ocean CO2 flux. {Box TS.5, Box TS.5, Figure 1, 5.2.1, Table 5.1, 5.4.5, Figure 5.25}*Footnote: The other sectoral emissions are calculated as the residual of the net land and ocean CO2 uptake and the prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentration changes in the CMIP6 simulations. These calculated emissions are net emissions and do not separate gross anthropogenic emissions from removals, which are included implicitly."
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.2 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.2 relates to assessed contributions to observed warming.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nWhen citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\n\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe figure has three panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b and panel_c. \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n This data set contains:\r\n\r\n- Observed warming (2010-2019 relative to 1850-1900)\r\n - Aggregated contributions to 2010-2019 warming relative 1850 -1900, assessed from attribution studies\r\n - Contributions to 2010-2019 warming relative to 1850-1900, assessed from radiative studies\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Panel a:\r\n\r\n- Data file: panel_a/SPM2a.csv (Observed warming). Mean value is used for the bar plot and top and bottom values are used for the error bars and they represent borders of the very likely range.\r\n\r\nPanel b:\r\n\r\n  - Data file: panel_b/SPM2b.csv (Aggregated contributions assessed from attribution studies). Mean values are used for the bar plot and top and bottom values are used for the error bars and represent the borders of the very likely range\r\n\r\nPanel c:\r\n\r\n  - Data file: panel_c/SPM2c_data.csv (Contributions assessed from radiative studies). Total global surface air temperature (GSAT) effect values are used for the bar plots and 5% and 95% very likely limit values are used for the error bars.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblink is provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n\r\n- Link to the report webpage, which includes the report component containing the figure (Summary for Policymakers) and the Supplementary Material for Chapters 3, 6 and 7, which contain details on the input data used in Tables 3.SM.1 (Figure 3.8), 6.SM.1 (Figure 6.12) and 7.SM.14 (Figure 7.7).",
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                    "title": "Met Office MIDAS Open: UK Land Surface Stations Data (1853-current)",
                    "abstract": "MIDAS Open is the open data version of the Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) containing land surface station data starting from 1853 and ending at the of the previous complete year. This collection comprises of hourly and daily weather measurements and observations of parameters relating to temperature, rainfall, sunshine, radiation, wind and weather observations such as present weather codes, cloud cover, snow etc.\r\n\r\nThe collection contains land surface observations data from those stations where the data have been designated as public sector information. Prior to version v202407 this consisted of stations operated by the Met Office only, but from version v202407, daily and hourly rainfall observations from stations with gauges owned by the Environment Agency (EA), Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) have also been included in the collection. Since then, stations owned by other third-party organisations where approval for inclusion has been reached have also been added to the product.\r\n\r\nAll of these data are provided under an Open Government Licence. \r\n\r\nThe current collection contains the following proportions of the fuller MIDAS dataset collection:\r\n\r\n96% of daily temperature observations\r\n96% of daily weather observations\r\n92% of hourly weather observations\r\n94% of daily rainfall observations\r\n96% of hourly rainfall observations\r\n98% of soil temperature observations\r\n96% of solar radiation observations\r\n93% of mean wind observations\r\n\r\nDaily rainfall: Versions up until MIDAS Open v202407 only have about 13% coverage of observations. In version v202407, the coverage was increased to 58% with the inclusion of the third-party hydrological agency stations. In version v202507, the coverage was increased further to 94% with the inclusion of historic closed stations.\r\n\r\nThe fuller \"Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current)\" collection is made available for academic use via the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis.\r\n\r\nThe MIDAS Open collection is updated annually in a delayed mode to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have all been completed. Quality controlled (qc-version-1) and non-quality controlled (qc-version-0) data are available from 1853 where available, although this will vary by station depending on the operation period of the station. The collection includes stations which are currently operational as well as stations which were operational in the past and have since closed.\r\n\r\nEach version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year relative to the year in the version number of the dataset (e.g. v202407 included data up until the end of 2023).\r\n\r\nNote: This collection does not supersede the full MIDAS collection which is also archived at CEDA."
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            "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly solar radiation data, v202107",
            "abstract": "The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers  - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2020.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record.",
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office MIDAS Open: UK Land Surface Stations Data (1853-current)",
                    "abstract": "MIDAS Open is the open data version of the Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) containing land surface station data starting from 1853 and ending at the of the previous complete year. This collection comprises of hourly and daily weather measurements and observations of parameters relating to temperature, rainfall, sunshine, radiation, wind and weather observations such as present weather codes, cloud cover, snow etc.\r\n\r\nThe collection contains land surface observations data from those stations where the data have been designated as public sector information. Prior to version v202407 this consisted of stations operated by the Met Office only, but from version v202407, daily and hourly rainfall observations from stations with gauges owned by the Environment Agency (EA), Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) have also been included in the collection. Since then, stations owned by other third-party organisations where approval for inclusion has been reached have also been added to the product.\r\n\r\nAll of these data are provided under an Open Government Licence. \r\n\r\nThe current collection contains the following proportions of the fuller MIDAS dataset collection:\r\n\r\n96% of daily temperature observations\r\n96% of daily weather observations\r\n92% of hourly weather observations\r\n94% of daily rainfall observations\r\n96% of hourly rainfall observations\r\n98% of soil temperature observations\r\n96% of solar radiation observations\r\n93% of mean wind observations\r\n\r\nDaily rainfall: Versions up until MIDAS Open v202407 only have about 13% coverage of observations. In version v202407, the coverage was increased to 58% with the inclusion of the third-party hydrological agency stations. In version v202507, the coverage was increased further to 94% with the inclusion of historic closed stations.\r\n\r\nThe fuller \"Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current)\" collection is made available for academic use via the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis.\r\n\r\nThe MIDAS Open collection is updated annually in a delayed mode to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have all been completed. Quality controlled (qc-version-1) and non-quality controlled (qc-version-0) data are available from 1853 where available, although this will vary by station depending on the operation period of the station. The collection includes stations which are currently operational as well as stations which were operational in the past and have since closed.\r\n\r\nEach version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year relative to the year in the version number of the dataset (e.g. v202407 included data up until the end of 2023).\r\n\r\nNote: This collection does not supersede the full MIDAS collection which is also archived at CEDA."
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            "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK river basins, v1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)",
            "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK river basins consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1862 to 2020, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2018, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThis release includes data for the calendar year 2020. Ongoing quality checks and data recovery to historical data results in changes to around 0.01% of the observational station data used as input to produce the gridded dataset. A correction to _FillValue assignment in the metadata for seasonal and annual grids has also been applied to be consistent with the rest of the dataset.\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\". The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.",
            "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554",
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                "endTime": "2020-12-31T23:59:59"
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                "explanation": "Data quality control details for the HadUK-Grid version 1.0 datasets is available in section 2.2. of Hollis et al. (2018). See linked documentation for further details.",
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                "resultTitle": "HadUK-Grid v1 Data Quality Statement",
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                "short_code": "comp",
                "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded climate observations methodology",
                "abstract": "The gridded data sets are based on the archive of UK weather observations held at the Met Office. The density of the station network used varies through time, and for different climate variables - for example, for the temperature variables the number of stations rises from about 270 in 1910s to 600 in the mid-1990s, before falling to 450 in 2006. Regression and interpolation are used to generate values on a regular grid from the irregular station network, taking into account factors such as latitude and longitude, altitude and terrain shape, coastal influence, and urban land use. This alleviates the impact of station openings and closures on homogeneity, but the impacts of a changing station network cannot be removed entirely, especially in areas of complex topography or sparse station coverage.\r\n\r\nThe methods used to generate the grids are described in more detail in a paper published by Hollis et al. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.78 (see linked documentation on this record).\r\n\r\nTo help users combine the observational data sets with the UKCP18 climate projections, the 1km x 1km grid is averaged to grids at resolutions to match those of the climate projections. Each 5 x 5 km, 12 x 12 km, 25 x 25 km or 60 x 60 km grid box value is an average of the all the 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within it. A set of regional values for UK administrative regions, river basins and countries are calculated as the average of all 1 × 1 km grid cell values that fall within the defined geography."
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                    "uuid": "4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK",
                    "abstract": "This Dataset Collection contains a number of different versions of the HadUK-Grid dataset, each of which present a set of gridded climate variables extending from the present back to the 19th Century. The primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of the UK climate and research into climate variability, climate change, impacts and adaptation. The Met Office uses these data for operational monitoring of the UK's climate.\r\n\r\nThe data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid at 1km by 1km resolution to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The 1km data set has been regridded to different resolutions and regional averages to create a collection allowing for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections.\r\n\r\nA new version of HadUK-Grid is released each year. The latest version is v1.3.1.ceda, released in June 2025 and containing data up to the end of 2024. 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Currently the start years are:\r\n1836 (monthly rainfall)\r\n1884 (monthly max/mean/min air temperature)\r\n1891 (daily rainfall)\r\n1910 (monthly sunshine)\r\n1931 (daily max/min air temperature)\r\n1961 (monthly days of ground frost, relative humidity, mean sea level pressure and vapour pressure)\r\n1969 (monthly mean wind speed)\r\n1971 (monthly days of lying snow)\r\n\r\nThe grids are provided at daily (max/min air temperature and rainfall only), monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods.\r\n\r\nThe latest release has been created by the Met Office funded by the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).\r\n\r\nPrevious versions were created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project.\r\n\r\nFor all versions, the data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\".\r\n\r\nThe data are provided under Open Government Licence v3 (see each dataset for links to licence and associated citations to use).\r\n\r\nList of dataset versions (latest first) and key differences (each release also extends the dataset by one year):\r\n\r\nv1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024) - Daily temperature extended back to 1931 (from 1960). Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1922-1945.\r\nv1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023) - Historical data recovery has improved daily rainfall over Scotland for 1945-1960.\r\nv1.2.0.ceda (1836-2022) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1910 (from 1919). Incorporation of Rainfall Rescue v2.\r\nv1.1.0.0 (1836-2021) - Addition of climate averages for 1991-2020. Rainfall Rescue v1 dataset incorporated into the monthly rainfall grids which are extended back to 1836 (from 1862).\r\nv1.0.3.0 (1862-2020)\r\nv1.0.2.1 (1862-2019) - Monthly sunshine extended back to 1919 (from 1929). Historical data recovery has also improved monthly rainfall 1862-1910, daily rainfall 1891-1910 and monthly temperature 1900-1909. Correction to the grid definition for 12 km grid product to match the UKCP18 climate model products.\r\nv1.0.1.0 (1862-2018) - Addition of 5km data.\r\nv1.0.0.0 (1862-2017) - Initial release.\r\n\r\nSee the change log file for each version for further details.\r\n\r\nNote: The introduction of the '.ceda' suffix was done to highlight that CEDA is the source of these data files compared to other potential sources (e.g. the UKCP User Interface https://ukclimateprojections-ui.metoffice.gov.uk/ui/home) The data values are the same - it is the way the data are packaged that may differ between sources.\r\n\r\nEach version following the initial release is accompanied by change log files. These list new files in the version compared with the previous version plus summary totals of the number of files that remained the same, modified and removed. Links to these change logs are available in the 'Details/Docs' section of each dataset. Additionally, a summary change log file is provided which gives an overview of all changes to the data sources and processing methods since the initial release. This summary can be found in the 'Details/Docs' section below or via the individual datasets.\r\n\r\nThis collection supersedes the UKCP09 Dataset Collection and contains all datasets within the major version 1 release (i.e. v1.#.#.#). See Hollis et al. (2019; linked documentation) for details on the version numbering utilised."
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            "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK administrative regions consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1862 to 2020, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2018, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThis release includes data for the calendar year 2020. Ongoing quality checks and data recovery to historical data results in changes to around 0.01% of the observational station data used as input to produce the gridded dataset. A correction to _FillValue assignment in the metadata for seasonal and annual grids has also been applied to be consistent with the rest of the dataset.\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The data recovery activity to supplement 19th and early 20th Century data availability has also been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant ref: NE/L01016X/1) project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\". The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence.",
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            "abstract": "This dataset comprises the MErged GRIdded Dataset of Ozone Profiles (MEGRIDOP) in the stratosphere with a resolved longitudinal structure, which is derived from data by six limb and occultation satellite instruments: GOMOS, SCIAMACHY and MIPAS on Envisat, OSIRIS on Odin, OMPS on Suomi-NPP, and MLS on Aura. The merged dataset was generated as a contribution to the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Ozone project (Ozone_cci).  The period of this merged time series of ozone profiles is from late 2001 until the end of 2022.\r\n\r\nThe monthly mean gridded ozone profiles and deseasonalised anomalies are provided in the altitude range from 10 to 50 km in bins of 10 degree latitude x 20 degree longitude.  \r\n\r\nFor more details please see the associated readme file and Sofieva, V. F., Szeląg, M., Tamminen, J., Kyrölä, E., Degenstein, D., Roth, C., Zawada, D., Rozanov, A., Arosio, C., Burrows, J. P., Weber, M., Laeng, A., Stiller, G. P., von Clarmann, T., Froidevaux, L., Livesey, N., van Roozendael, M. and Retscher, C.: Measurement report: regional trends of stratospheric ozone evaluated using the MErged GRIdded Dataset of Ozone Profiles (MEGRIDOP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21(9), 6707–6720, doi:10.5194/acp-21-6707-2021, 2021",
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                    "title": "ESA Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (Sea_Level_cci): Collection of datasets of altimeter along-track high resolution sea level anomalies and associated trends in some coastal regions, v1.1",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains various along-track sea level anomaly products derived from satellite altimetry by the ESA Sea Level Climate Change Initiative project.\r\n\r\nTwo datasets containing along-track sea level anomalies derived from satellite altimetry have been derived; one containing data from the JASON satellites (JASON-1, JSON-2, and JSON-3), and the other from the RA2 instrument on ENVISAT and the Altika instrument on SARAL satellite missions.\r\n\r\nThese have been processed to produce high resolution (20 Hz, corresponding to an along-track distance of ~300m) sea level anomalies, in order to provide long-term homogeneous sea level time series as close to the coast as possible in six different coastal regions (North-East Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Western Africa, North Indian Ocean, South-East Asia and Australia).  \r\n\r\nThe products benefits from the spatial resolution provided by high-rate data, the Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform Retracker (ALES) and the post-processing strategy of the along-track (X-TRACK) algorithm, both developed for the processing of coastal altimetry data, as well as the best possible set of geophysical corrections.  \r\n\r\nAdditionally a database of coastal sea level anomalies and associated trends from Jason satellite altimetry, derived from the JASON sea level anomaly product is included."
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                    "abstract": "As part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme, the Sea Level CCI project has produced a set of gridded multi-satellite merged products relating to the Sea Level Essential Climate Variable (ECV).  These consist of a)  a time series of monthly gridded Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and b) Oceanic Indicators describing the evolution of the sea level anomalies.\r\n\r\nSea surface heights are measured above (or below) some reference level by altimeter satellites, surface height being the difference between a satellites position in orbit with respect to an arbitrary reference surface (the Earth's centre or a rough approximation of the Earth's surface: the reference ellipsoid) and the satellite-to-surface range (calculated by measuring the time taken for the signal to make the round trip). Through sending a microwave pulse to the ocean's surface, the satellites measured the surface heights through measuring the time taken for the pulse to return. \r\n\r\nThe current version is v1.1, and covers the period January 1993 - December 2014, and has been derived from the main altimeter missions: ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Geosat-Follow-On.    A detailed description of the SL CCI project and the products can be found in Ablain et al., 2014, and further information is also provided in the Product User Guide. \r\n\r\nThe following DOI can be used to reference the product database (all products in the V1.1 release (as of December 2015)): DOI:10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2014-v_1.1-201512.  \r\n\r\n When using or referring to the SL_cci products, please mention the associated DOI (see above and the individual datasets) and also use the following citation where a detailed description of the SL_cci project and products can be found:\r\n\r\nAblain, M., Cazenave, A., Larnicol, G., Balmaseda, M., Cipollini, P., Faugère, Y., Fernandes, M. J., Henry, O., Johannessen, J. A., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Legeais, J., Meyssignac, B., Picot, N., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharffenberg, M. G., Stammer, D., Timms, G., and Benveniste, J.: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project, Ocean Sci., 11, 67-82, doi:10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015.\r\n\r\nFor further information on the Sea Level CCI products, and to register your interest with the CCI team please email: info-sealevel@esa-sealevel-cci.org"
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            "title": "ESA Sea Level Climate Change Initiative  (Sea_Level_cci): High Latitude Sea Level Anomalies from satellite altimetry (by DTU/TUM)",
            "abstract": "This dataset contains high latitude sea level anomalies produced by DTU (Technical University of Denmark) and TUM (Technical University of Munich) as part of the ESA Sea Level CCI (Climate Change Initiative) project, covering both the Arctic and Antarctic regions.\r\n\r\nThe data comprises weekly means from August 1991 to April 2017 and has been obtained using satellite altimetry data from four satellite missions: ERS1 (weeks 0 - 217); ERS2 (weeks 218 - 573); Envisat (weeks 574 - 1020); CryoSat-2 (weeks 1021 - 1336).\r\n\r\nTwo datasets are available: dataset #1 is based on the ALES+ retracking without correction of the inverse barometer whereas dataset #2 has been corrected for this effect.\r\n\r\nDataset #1 is provided both 'masked' and 'unmasked', where the masked data have been masked using sea ice concentrations downloaded from osisaf.met.no/p/ice. Dataset #2 is provided both 'masked' and 'unmasked', where the masked data have had data points retrieved over land removed from the files.",
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                "abstract": "The data comprises weekly means from August 1991 to April 2017 and has been obtained using satellite altimetry data from four satellite missions: ERS1 (weeks 0 - 217); ERS2 (weeks 218 - 573); Envisat (weeks 574 - 1020); CryoSat-2 (weeks 1021 - 1336).\r\n\r\nTwo datasets are available: dataset #1 is based on the ALES+ retracking without correction of the inverse barometer whereas dataset #2 has been corrected for this effect.\r\n\r\nDataset #1 is provided both 'masked' and 'unmasked', where the masked data have been masked using sea ice concentrations downloaded from osisaf.met.no/p/ice. Dataset #2 is provided both 'masked' and 'unmasked', where the masked data have had data points retrieved over land removed from the files"
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                    "abstract": "As part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme, the Sea Level CCI project has produced a set of gridded multi-satellite merged products relating to the Sea Level Essential Climate Variable (ECV).  These consist of a)  a time series of monthly gridded Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and b) Oceanic Indicators describing the evolution of the sea level anomalies.\r\n\r\nSea surface heights are measured above (or below) some reference level by altimeter satellites, surface height being the difference between a satellites position in orbit with respect to an arbitrary reference surface (the Earth's centre or a rough approximation of the Earth's surface: the reference ellipsoid) and the satellite-to-surface range (calculated by measuring the time taken for the signal to make the round trip). Through sending a microwave pulse to the ocean's surface, the satellites measured the surface heights through measuring the time taken for the pulse to return. \r\n\r\nThe current version is v1.1, and covers the period January 1993 - December 2014, and has been derived from the main altimeter missions: ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Geosat-Follow-On.    A detailed description of the SL CCI project and the products can be found in Ablain et al., 2014, and further information is also provided in the Product User Guide. \r\n\r\nThe following DOI can be used to reference the product database (all products in the V1.1 release (as of December 2015)): DOI:10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2014-v_1.1-201512.  \r\n\r\n When using or referring to the SL_cci products, please mention the associated DOI (see above and the individual datasets) and also use the following citation where a detailed description of the SL_cci project and products can be found:\r\n\r\nAblain, M., Cazenave, A., Larnicol, G., Balmaseda, M., Cipollini, P., Faugère, Y., Fernandes, M. J., Henry, O., Johannessen, J. A., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Legeais, J., Meyssignac, B., Picot, N., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharffenberg, M. G., Stammer, D., Timms, G., and Benveniste, J.: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project, Ocean Sci., 11, 67-82, doi:10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015.\r\n\r\nFor further information on the Sea Level CCI products, and to register your interest with the CCI team please email: info-sealevel@esa-sealevel-cci.org"
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            "uuid": "ebe625b6f77945a68bda0ab7c78dd76b",
            "title": "ESA Snow Climate Change Initiative (Snow_cci): Daily global Snow Cover Fraction - viewable snow (SCFV) from MODIS (2000 - 2020), version 2.0",
            "abstract": "This dataset contains Daily Snow Cover Fraction of viewable snow from the MODIS satellite instruments, produced by the Snow project of the ESA Climate Change Initiative programme.  \r\n\r\nSnow cover fraction viewable (SCFV) indicates the area of snow viewable from space over all land surfaces. In forested areas this refers to snow viewable on top of the forest canopy. The SCFV is given in percentage (%) per pixel. \r\n\r\nThe global SCFV product is available at about 1 km pixel size for all land areas, excluding Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets. The coastal zones of Greenland are included. \r\n\r\nThe SCFV time series provides daily products for the period 2000 – 2020. \r\n\r\nThe SCFV product is based on Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on-board the Terra satellite. \r\n\r\nThe retrieval method of the Snow_cci SCFV product from MODIS data has been further developed and improved based on the ESA GlobSnow approach described by Metsämäki et al. (2015) and complemented with a pre-classification module developed by ENVEO. For the SCFV product generation from MODIS, multiple reflective and emissive spectral bands are used. In a first step, clouds are masked using an adapted version of the Simple Cloud Detection Algorithm version 2.0 (SCDA2.0) (Metsämäki et al., 2015). All cloud free pixels are then used for the snow extent mapping, using spectral bands centred at about 0.55 µm and 1.6 µm, and an emissive band centred at about 11 µm. The snow_cci snow cover mapping algorithm is a two-step approach: first, a strict pre-classification is applied to identify all cloud free pixels which are certainly snow free. For all remaining pixels, the Snow_cci SCFV retrieval method is applied. \r\n\r\nThe main differences of the Snow_cci snow cover mapping algorithm compared to the GlobSnow algorithm described in Metsämäki et al. (2015) are (i) improvements of the cloud screening approach applicable on a global scale, (ii) the pre-classification of snow free areas on global land areas, (iii) the adaptation of the retrieval method using of a spatially variable ground reflectance instead of global constant values for snow free land, (iv) the update of the constant value for wet snow based on analyses of spatially distributed reflectance time series of MODIS data to assure in forested areas consistency of the SCFV and the SCFG CRDP v2.0 from MODIS data (https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/ebe625b6f77945a68bda0ab7c78dd76b) using the same retrieval approach.\r\n\r\nImprovements of the Snow_cci SCFV version 2.0 compared to the Snow_cci version 1.0 include (i) the utilisation of an updated ground reflectance map derived from statistical analyses of an extended MODIS time series, (ii) an update of the forest mask used for the transmissivity estimation, and (iii) an update of the constant reflectance value for wet snow based on the analysis of time series of the MODIS reflectance at 0.55 µm.\r\n\r\nPermanent snow and ice, and water areas are masked based on the Land Cover CCI data set of the year 2000. Both classes were separately aggregated to the pixel spacing of the SCFV product. Water areas are masked if more than 30 percent of the pixel is classified as water, permanent snow and ice areas are masked if more than 50 percent are identified as such areas in the aggregated map. The product uncertainty for observed land pixels is provided as unbiased root mean square error (RMSE) per pixel in the ancillary variable.\r\n\r\nThe SCFV product is aimed to serve the needs for users working in the cryosphere and climate research and monitoring activities, including the detection of variability and trends, climate modelling and aspects of hydrology, meteorology, and biology.\r\n\r\nENVEO is responsible for the SCFV product development and generation from MODIS data, SYKE supported the development.\r\n\r\nThere are a few days without any MODIS acquisitions in the years 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2016 and 2018. On several days in the years 2000 to 2006, and on a few days in the years 2012, 2015 and 2016, the acquired MODIS data have either only limited coverage, or some of the MODIS data were corrupted during the download process. For these days, the SCFV products are available but have data gaps.",
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                "abstract": "The snow_cci SCFV products from MODIS are based on the MODIS/Terra Calibrated Radiances 5-Min L1B Swath 1km (MOD021KM) and the MODIS/Terra Geolocation Fields 5-Min L1A Swath 1km (MOD03) Collection 6.1 data sets, provided by NASA.\r\n\r\nThe retrieval method of the snow_cci SCFV product from MODIS data has been further developed and improved based on the ESA GlobSnow approach described by Metsämäki et al. (2015) and complemented with a pre-classification module developed by ENVEO. For the SCFV product generation from MODIS, multiple reflective and emissive spectral bands are used. In a first step, clouds are masked using an adapted version of the Simple Cloud Detection Algorithm version 2.0 (SCDA2.0) (Metsämäki et al., 2015). All cloud free pixels are then used for the snow extent mapping, using spectral bands centred at about 550 nm and 1.6 µm, and an emissive band centred at about 11 µm. The snow_cci snow cover mapping algorithm is a two-step approach: first, a strict pre-classification is applied to identify all cloud free pixels which are certainly snow free. For all remaining pixels, the snow_cci SCFV retrieval method is applied. Improvements to the GlobSnow algorithm implemented for snow_cci version 1 include (i) the utilisation of a background reflectance map derived from statistical analyses of MODIS time series replacing the constant values for snow free ground used in the GlobSnow approach, and (ii) the adaptation of the retrieval method for mapping in forested areas the SCFV. \r\n\r\nPermanent snow and ice, and water areas are masked based on the Land Cover CCI data set of the year 2000. Both classes were separately aggregated to the pixel spacing of the SCFV product. Water areas are masked if more than 30 percent of the pixel is classified as water, permanent snow and ice areas are masked if more than 50 percent are identified as such areas in the aggregated map. The product uncertainty for observed land pixels is provided as unbiased root mean square error (RMSE) per pixel in the ancillary variable."
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            "title": "ESA Snow Climate Change Initiative (Snow_cci): Daily global Snow Cover Fraction - snow on ground (SCFG) from MODIS (2000-2020), version 2.0",
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                    "title": "BBUBL: Biotelemetry/Bio-aerial-platforms for the Urban Boundary Layer (also known as City Flocks) - NE/N003195/1",
                    "abstract": "Attempts to improve the urban component in meteorology and numerical weather prediction models in recent years have been hampered by a paucity of meteorological data in the urban boundary layer (UBL), especially in the region above, but close to, building height. This region is precisely where local energy balances and drag combine with prevailing synoptic patterns to transmit fluid dynamical information up and down spatial scales, with implications for (i) urban weather prediction, (ii) event forecasting (e.g. heatwaves, climatic conditions during sporting events, releases of hazardous substances), and (iii) sustainable urban planning for high density liveable cities. However, capturing meteorological data in urban areas above the mean roof height is problematic using conventional techniques.\r\n\r\nThe BBUBL project proposed Biotelemetry/bio-aerial-platforms as a novel and practicable solution to the data paucity above urban rooftops in the UBL, and to circumvent the regulatory issues related to use of unmanned aerial systems. The project developed a suite of low-cost Avian-Meteorology-Instrument Packages (AvMIPs) for ensemble deployment in Birmingham as a suitably large and heterogeneous test case.\r\n\r\nThe AvMIPs were tested rigorously to determine: (i) data biases and reliability; (ii) sensor response to temperature variations; (iii) effect of radiation; and (iv) effect of bird's body temperature and other 'platform effects'. After quality assurance and control of the packages had been determined to be adequate, the primary targets of the AvMIP deployment were the thermal and moisture structures of the UBL at the city and neighbourhood scales. Favourable weather conditions for deployment will be identified via pre-deployment modelling using a mesoscale meteorological model (WRF, Weather Research and Forecasting). \r\n\r\nSubsequent analysis and interpretation of the AvMIP data and synthesis of the data together with Birmingham's canyon (3m) meteorological data were assisted by post-deployment modelling for the measurement periods.\r\n\r\nOverall, this project aimed to deliver a novel, and rigorously tested, technology for probing the UBL. A unique dataset for the UBL of a major European conurbation was obtained, elucidating climate mitigation issues such as the cooling (or heating) capability/capacity of a large park (or a city centre) to a city's UBL, and scientific issues such as the magnitude of the 'blending height' at which the effect of urban surface heterogeneity is no longer detectable.\r\n\r\nSuccess of the project was seen as a necessary step towards deployment of chemical sensors, and lead to generation of unprecedented datasets of the urban atmosphere for both research and city-planning purposes. Novel field deployments of the kind proposed by the project require strong partnerships with a wide variety of stakeholders. The Royal Pigeon Racing Association (RPRA) provide critical support in terms of birds that will behave in well determined ways. The RPRA have experience of mounting payloads on pigeons and so can ensure that payloads are appropriately in size, weight, etc., and that pigeon deployments delivered the data sought. Birmingham City Council supported the project in three ways: 1. As one of the principal end-users of the results (feeding into improved diagnosis and forecasting of urban climatology across the city through the joint city-university BUCCANEER project); 2. In order to facilitate use of birds in open urban spaces such as parks; and 3. In order to facilitate access to city buildings on which gulls are nesting. Dr Stefan Bodnar, an ecological consultant, supported the project by acting as principal bird handler and as a consultant for public dissemination of our work.\r\n \r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nTo directly address the data sparsity of meteorological measurements in the urban boundary layer (UBL), especially in the region above, but close to, building height, and to circumvent the regulatory issues related to use of Unmanned Aerial Systems, the project proposed developing and deploying instrument payloads on birds.\r\n\r\nThe project set out the following research questions, to be addressed by a series of objectives. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: \r\n(1) Can biotelemetry/bio-aerial-platforms be used to deliver observations of temperature, humidity and wind speed in the UBL with accuracy and precision sufficient for research?\r\n(2) Can the data derived from biotelemetry/bioaerial-platforms be used to inform the structure of the UBL at the city scale and the local IBLs at neighbourhood scales?\r\n(3) If so, what is the cooling (or heating) capability/capacity of a large park (or a city centre) to a city's UBL and what is the magnitude of the blending height? \r\n(4) How do such measurements compare to results derived from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model?\r\n(5) What lessons can be learnt to assess the feasibility of other payloads (e.g. chemical sensors)? \r\n\r\nOBJECTIVES were: \r\na) To develop a suite of low-cost Avian-Meteorology-Instrument Packages (AvMIPs) (i) capable of sensing temperature (changes of at least 0.2 degree with a 1 sec response time) and humidity (changes of 5% with a 15 sec response time) and (ii) suitable for a range of bird taxa (raptors, pigeons, and gulls [Larus spp.]), with increasing deployment duration from mins to hours to days, respectively. \r\nb) To test AvMIPs rigorously in the following aspects: (i) data biases and reliability; (ii) responses to temperature variations; (iii) effect of radiation; and (iv) effect of bird's body temperature. \r\nc) To conduct pre-deployment modelling using a NWP model. 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            "abstract": "The Icelandic Volcano, Eyjafjallajokull, started erupting on 14th April 2010. The volcanic ash cloud produced covered much of Northern Europe for several weeks causing extensive disruption to air travel. The UK and European atmospheric communities had many instruments - both airborne and ground-based, remote sensing and in-situ - taking measurements of the ash cloud throughout this period. This dataset contains summaries of meteorology and chemistry measurements from the EUFAR operators SAFIRE Falcon and ATR 42 aircraft 19th to 21st April 2010 and DLR Falcon Flight on 19 April 2010",
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.13 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.13 shows annual-mean precipitation rate (mm day-1) for the period 1995-2014.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has six panels, with data provided for four panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c and panel_d.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains:\r\n \r\n - Global modelled annual-mean precipitation (mm/day) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014\r\n - Global bias of modelled annual-mean precipitation (mm/day) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014 to GPCP\r\n - Global root mean square bias of modelled precipitation (mm/day) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014 to GPCP\r\n - Global bias of modelled annual-mean precipitation (mm/day) of CMIP5  for the period 1985–2004 to GPCP\r\n\r\nGPCP is the Global Precipitation Climatology Project.\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\nCMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - panel_a/fig_3_13_a.nc\r\n - panel_b/fig_3_13_b.nc\r\n - panel_c/fig_3_13_c.nc\r\n - panel_d/fig_3_13_d.nc\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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                "abstract": "Annual-mean precipitation rate (mm day–1) for the period 1995–2014. (a) Multi-model (ensemble) mean constructed with one realization of the CMIP6 historical experiments from each model. (b) Multi-model mean bias, defined as the difference between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and precipitation analyses from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) version 2.3 (Adler et al., 2003). (c) Multi-model mean of the root mean square error calculated over all months separately and averaged with respect to the precipitation analyses from GPCP version 2.3. (d) Multi-model-mean bias, calculated as the difference between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and the precipitation analyses from GPCP version 2.3. Also shown is the multi-model mean bias as the difference between the multi-model mean of (e) high resolution and (f) low-resolution simulations of four HighResMIP models and the precipitation analyses from GPCP version 2.3. Uncertainty is represented using the advanced approach. No overlay indicates regions with robust signal, where ≥66% of models show change greater than variability threshold and ≥80% of all models agree on sign of change; diagonal lines indicate regions with no change or no robust signal, where <66% of models show a change greater than the variability threshold; crossed lines indicate regions with conflicting signal, where ≥66% of models show change greater than variability threshold and <80% of all models agree on the sign of change. For more information on the advanced approach, please refer to the Cross-Chapter Box Atlas.1. Dots in panel (e) mark areas where the bias in high resolution versions of the HighResMIP models is lower in at least three out of four models than in the corresponding low-resolution versions. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                "abstract": "Instantaneous Northern-Hemisphere blocking frequency (% of days) in the extended northern winter season (December–January–February–March – DJFM) for the years 1979–2000. Results are shown for ERA5 reanalysis (black), CMIP5 (blue) and CMIP6 (red) models. Coloured lines show multi-model means and shaded ranges show corresponding 5–95% ranges constructed with one realization from each model. Figure is adapted from Davini and D’Andrea (2020), their Figure 12 and following the D’Andrea et al. (1998) definition of blocking. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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            "title": "Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.3 (v20211001)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.3 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.3 shows the global annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) and the model bias to ERA5.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has six panels, with data provided for four panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c and panel_d.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains:\r\n\r\n - Global modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014\r\n - Global bias of modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014 to reanalysis ERA5\r\n - Global root mean square bias of modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014 to reanalysis ERA5\r\n - Global bias of modelled annual-mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) of CMIP5  for the period 1985–2004 to reanalysis ERA5\r\n\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\nCMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. \r\nERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - panel_a/tas_mean_cmip6.nc; global map\r\n - panel_b/tas_bias_cmip6.nc; global map\r\n - panel_c/tas_rms_bias_cmip6.nc; global map\r\n - panel_d/tas_bias_cmip5.nc; global map\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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                "abstract": "Annual mean surface (2 m) air temperature (°C) for the period 1995–2014. (a) Multi-model (ensemble) mean constructed with one realization of the CMIP6 historical experiment from each model. (b) Multi-model mean bias, defined as the difference between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and the climatology of the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate (ERA5). (c) Multi-model mean of the root mean square error calculated over all months separately and averaged with respect to the climatology from ERA5. (d) Multi-model-mean bias as the difference between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and the climatology from ERA5. Also shown is the multi-model mean bias as the difference between the multi-model mean of (e) high-resolution and (f) low-resolution simulations of four HighResMIP models and the climatology from ERA5. Uncertainty is represented using the advanced approach: No overlay indicates regions with robust signal, where ≥66% of models show change greater than variability threshold and ≥80% of all models agree on sign of change; diagonal lines indicate regions with no change or no robust signal, where <66% of models show a change greater than the variability threshold; crossed lines indicate regions with conflicting signal, where ≥66% of models show change greater than variability threshold and <80% of all models agree on sign of change. For more information on the advanced approach, please refer to Cross-Chapter Box Atlas.1. Dots in panel (e) mark areas where the bias in high resolution versions of the HighResMIP models is lower in at least three out of four models than in the corresponding low-resolution versions. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains datasets relating to the figures found in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system.\r\n\r\nWhen using datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated in each specific dataset rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure 3.2\r\n- data for Figure 3.3\r\n- data for Figure 3.4\r\n- data for Figure 3.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.6\r\n- data for Figure 3.7\r\n- data for Figure 3.8\r\n- data for Figure 3.9\r\n- data for Figure 3.10\r\n- data for Figure 3.11\r\n- data for Figure 3.12\r\n- data for Figure 3.13\r\n- data for Figure 3.14\r\n- data for Figure 3.15\r\n- data for Figure 3.16\r\n- data for Figure 3.17\r\n- data for Figure 3.18\r\n- data for Figure 3.19\r\n- data for Figure 3.20\r\n- data for Figure 3.21\r\n- data for Figure 3.22\r\n- data for Figure 3.23\r\n- data for Figure 3.24\r\n- data for Figure 3.25\r\n- data for Figure 3.26\r\n- data for Figure 3.27\r\n- input data for Figure 3.27\r\n- data for Figure 3.28\r\n- input data for Figure 3.28\r\n- data for Figure 3.29\r\n- data for Figure 3.30\r\n- data for Figure 3.31\r\n- data for Figure 3.32\r\n- data for Figure 3.33\r\n- data for Figure 3.34\r\n- data for Figure 3.35\r\n- data for Figure 3.36\r\n- data for Figure 3.37\r\n- data for Figure 3.38\r\n- data for Figure 3.39\r\n- data for Figure 3.40\r\n- data for Figure 3.41\r\n- data for Figure 3.42\r\n- data for Figure 3.43\r\n- data for Figure 3.44\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.1.1\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.2.1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.1, Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.2., Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.3, Figure 1"
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                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains datasets relating to the figures found in the Synthesis Report (SYR) of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nWhen using datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated in each specific dataset rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure 2.4\r\n- data for Figure 2.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.2\r\n- data for Figure 3.3\r\n- data for Figure 3.4\r\n- data for Figure 3.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.6"
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.10 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.10 shows observed and simulated tropical mean temperature trends through the atmosphere.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has three panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b and panel_c.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Temperature trend from radiosonde, reanalysis and CMIP6 data, including their uncertainty where available.\r\n\r\n CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - panel_a/ipcc_ar6_chap3_fig_3_10_panel_a_with_metadata.csv \r\n - panel_b/ipcc_ar6_chap3_fig_3_10_panel_b_with_metadata.csv\r\n - panel_c/ipcc_ar6_chap3_fig_3_10_panel_c_with_metadata.csv\r\n\r\nDetails of data provided in relation to each figure panel and its elements are described in the metadata associated with each file.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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                "title": "Caption for Figure 3.10 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Observed and simulated tropical mean temperature trends through the atmosphere. Vertical profiles of temperature trends in the tropics (20°S–20°N) for three periods: (a) 1979–2014, (b) 1979–1997 (ozone depletion era) and (c) 1998–2014 (ozone stabilisation era). The black lines show trends in the RICH 1.7 (long dashed) and Radiosonde Observation Correction using Reanalysis (RAOBCORE) 1.7 (dashed) radiosonde datasets (Haimberger et al., 2012), and in the ERA5/5.1 reanalysis (solid). Grey envelopes are centred on the RICH 1.7 trends, but show the uncertainty based on 32 RICH-obs members of version 1.5.1 of the dataset, which used version 1.7.3 of the RICH software but with the parameters of version 1.5.1. ERA5 was used as reference for calculating the adjustments between 2010 and 2019, and ERA-Interim was used for the years before that. Red lines show trends in CMIP6 historical simulations from one realization of 60 models. Blue lines show trends in 46 CMIP6 models that used prescribed, rather than simulated, sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Figure is adapted from Mitchell et al. (2020), their Figure 1. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains datasets relating to the figures found in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system.\r\n\r\nWhen using datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated in each specific dataset rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure 3.2\r\n- data for Figure 3.3\r\n- data for Figure 3.4\r\n- data for Figure 3.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.6\r\n- data for Figure 3.7\r\n- data for Figure 3.8\r\n- data for Figure 3.9\r\n- data for Figure 3.10\r\n- data for Figure 3.11\r\n- data for Figure 3.12\r\n- data for Figure 3.13\r\n- data for Figure 3.14\r\n- data for Figure 3.15\r\n- data for Figure 3.16\r\n- data for Figure 3.17\r\n- data for Figure 3.18\r\n- data for Figure 3.19\r\n- data for Figure 3.20\r\n- data for Figure 3.21\r\n- data for Figure 3.22\r\n- data for Figure 3.23\r\n- data for Figure 3.24\r\n- data for Figure 3.25\r\n- data for Figure 3.26\r\n- data for Figure 3.27\r\n- input data for Figure 3.27\r\n- data for Figure 3.28\r\n- input data for Figure 3.28\r\n- data for Figure 3.29\r\n- data for Figure 3.30\r\n- data for Figure 3.31\r\n- data for Figure 3.32\r\n- data for Figure 3.33\r\n- data for Figure 3.34\r\n- data for Figure 3.35\r\n- data for Figure 3.36\r\n- data for Figure 3.37\r\n- data for Figure 3.38\r\n- data for Figure 3.39\r\n- data for Figure 3.40\r\n- data for Figure 3.41\r\n- data for Figure 3.42\r\n- data for Figure 3.43\r\n- data for Figure 3.44\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.1.1\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.2.1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.1, Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.2., Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.3, Figure 1"
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.4 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.4 shows observed and simulated time series of the anomalies in annual and global mean near-surface air temperature (GSAT). \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has two panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a and panel_b.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Observed and simulated global near-surface air temperature change (1850-2014) with uncertainty range for simulated time series.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\npanel_a/fig_3_4_panel_a.nc\r\n- black line: model = 60\r\n- red line: model = 59\r\n- colored lines: model = 0, 1, ..., 58\r\npanel_b/tsline_collect_tasa.nc:\r\n- red line: experiment = 0, stat = 0\r\n- blue line: experiment = 1, stat = 0\r\n- red shaded region: experiment = 0, stat = 1 and stat = 2\r\n- blue shaded region: experiment = 1, stat = 1 and stat = 2\r\npanel_b/tsline_collect_tasa_ref.nc\r\n- HadCRUT5: dataset = 0\r\n- BerkleyEarth: dataset = 1\r\n- NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim: dataset = 2\r\n- Kadow: dataset =3\r\n\r\nWhere HadCRUT5, BerkleyEarth, NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim, and Kadow are gridded datasets of global historical surface temperature.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1",
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                "abstract": "Observed and simulated time series of the anomalies in annual and global mean near-surface air temperature (GSAT). All anomalies are differences from the 1850–1900 time-mean of each individual time series. The reference period 1850–1900 is indicated by grey shading. (a) Single simulations from CMIP6 models (thin lines) and the multi-model mean (thick red line). Observational data (thick black lines) are from the Met Office Hadley Centre HadCRUT5, and are blended surface temperature (2 m air temperature over land and sea surface temperature over the ocean). All models have been subsampled using the HadCRUT5 observational data mask. Vertical lines indicate large historical volcanic eruptions. CMIP6 models which are marked with an asterisk are either tuned to reproduce observed warming directly, or indirectly by tuning equilibrium climate sensitivity. Inset: GSAT for each model over the reference period, not masked to any observations. (b) Multi-model means of CMIP5 (blue line) and CMIP6 (red line) ensembles and associated 5th to 95th percentile ranges (shaded regions). Observational data are HadCRUT5, Berkeley Earth, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim and Kadow et al. (2020). Masking was done as in (a). CMIP6 historical simulations are extended with SSP2-4.5 simulations for the period 2015–2020 and CMIP5 simulations are extended with RCP4.5 simulations for the period 2006–2020. All available ensemble members were used (see Section 3.2). The multi-model means and percentiles were calculated solely from simulations available for the whole time span (1850–2020). Figure is updated from Bock et al. (2020), their Figures 1 and 2. / CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains datasets relating to the figures found in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system.\r\n\r\nWhen using datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated in each specific dataset rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure 3.2\r\n- data for Figure 3.3\r\n- data for Figure 3.4\r\n- data for Figure 3.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.6\r\n- data for Figure 3.7\r\n- data for Figure 3.8\r\n- data for Figure 3.9\r\n- data for Figure 3.10\r\n- data for Figure 3.11\r\n- data for Figure 3.12\r\n- data for Figure 3.13\r\n- data for Figure 3.14\r\n- data for Figure 3.15\r\n- data for Figure 3.16\r\n- data for Figure 3.17\r\n- data for Figure 3.18\r\n- data for Figure 3.19\r\n- data for Figure 3.20\r\n- data for Figure 3.21\r\n- data for Figure 3.22\r\n- data for Figure 3.23\r\n- data for Figure 3.24\r\n- data for Figure 3.25\r\n- data for Figure 3.26\r\n- data for Figure 3.27\r\n- input data for Figure 3.27\r\n- data for Figure 3.28\r\n- input data for Figure 3.28\r\n- data for Figure 3.29\r\n- data for Figure 3.30\r\n- data for Figure 3.31\r\n- data for Figure 3.32\r\n- data for Figure 3.33\r\n- data for Figure 3.34\r\n- data for Figure 3.35\r\n- data for Figure 3.36\r\n- data for Figure 3.37\r\n- data for Figure 3.38\r\n- data for Figure 3.39\r\n- data for Figure 3.40\r\n- data for Figure 3.41\r\n- data for Figure 3.42\r\n- data for Figure 3.43\r\n- data for Figure 3.44\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.1.1\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.2.1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.1, Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.2., Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.3, Figure 1"
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.5 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.5 shows the standard deviation of annually averaged zonal-mean near-surface air temperature.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nWhen citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - Simulated (CMIP6) standard deviation of near-surface air temperature\r\n - Observed standard deviation of near-surface air temperature\r\n\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nDatafile: fig_3_5.nc, black lines:\r\n - HadCRUT5: model = 62\r\n - BerkleyEarth: model = 61\r\n - NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim: model = 60\r\n - Kadow: model = 59\r\n - colored lines: model = 0, 1, ..., 58\r\n\r\nWhere HadCRUT5, BerkleyEarth, NOAAGlobalTemp-Interim, and Kadow are gridded datasets of global historical surface temperature.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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                "abstract": "The SCFV product is based on Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) data aboard the Envisat satellite.\r\n\r\nThe retrieval method of the snow_cci SCFV product from AATSR data has been further developed and improved based on the ESA GlobSnow approach (Metsämäki et al. 2015) and complemented with a pre-classification module. In a first step, clouds are masked using an adapted version of the Simple Cloud Detection Algorithm version 2.0 (SCDA2.0) (Metsämäki et al. 2015), defined as SCDA2.3. All cloud-free pixels are then used for the snow extent mapping, using spectral bands centred at about 659 nm and 1.61 µm, and an emissive band centred at about 10.85 µm. The snow_cci snow cover mapping algorithm is a two-step approach: first, a strict pre-classification is applied to identify all cloud-free pixels which are clearly snow free. For all remaining pixels, the snow_cci SCFV retrieval method is applied. Improvements to the GlobSnow algorithm implemented for snow_cci version 1 include adaptation of the retrieval method for mapping in forested areas the SCFV.\r\n\r\nPermanent snow and ice, and water areas are masked based on the Land Cover CCI data set of the year 2000. Both classes were separately aggregated to the grid size of the SCFV product. Water areas are masked if more than 30% of the grid cell is classified as water, permanent snow and ice areas are masked if more than 50% is identified as such areas in the aggregated map. The product uncertainty for observed land areas is provided as unbiased root mean square error (RMSE) per grid cell in the ancillary variable."
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            "ob_id": 33174,
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            "title": "Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.9 (v20211028)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.9 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.9 shows global, land, ocean and continental annual mean near-surface air temperatures anomalies in CMIP6 models and observations. \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has ten panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c, panel_d, panel_e, panel_f, panel_g, panel_h, panel_i and panel_j.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - Observed global near-surface air temperature change (1850-2020). \r\n - CMIP6 historical anthropogenic and natural global warming (1850-2020).\r\n - CMIP6 historical natural-only global warming (1850-2020).\r\n - CMIP6 historical greenhouse gas only global warming (1850-2020).\r\n - CMIP6 historical aerosol only global warming (1850-2020).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - panel_a/fig_3_9_a.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_b/fig_3_9_b.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_c/fig_3_9_c.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_d/fig_3_9_d.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_e/fig_3_9_e.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_f/fig_3_9_f.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_g/fig_3_9_g.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_h/fig_3_9_h.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_i/fig_3_9_i.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n - panel_j/fig_3_9_j.nc (yearly data, 1850-2020); observed and CMIP6 data (also shaded areas)\r\n  \r\nPlotted data corresponds to the following \"exp\" and \"stat\" indices:\r\n  brown line: exp = 0, stat = 0\r\n  green line: exp = 1, stat = 0\r\n  grey line: exp = 2, stat = 0\r\n  blue line: exp =3, stat = 0\r\n  black line: exp = 4, stat = 0\r\n  shaded regions: stat = 1 and 2, exp = 0, 1, 2 and 3\r\nThe ensemble spread (shaded regions) of CMIP6 data shown in figure 3.9 are the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles. The in-file metadata labels the same ensemble spread as the mean, min and max.\r\n\r\npanel_a: Global Ocean\r\npanel_b: Global\r\npanel_c: Global Land\r\npanel_d: North America\r\npanel_e: Central and South America\r\npanel_f: Europe and North Africa\r\npanel_g: Africa\r\npanel_h: Asia\r\npanel_i: Australasia\r\npanel_j: Antarctica\r\n\r\nAcronyms - CMIP6 - The sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1",
            "creationDate": "2022-07-22T09:15:57.183554",
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            "dataLineage": "Data produced by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) authors and supplied for archiving at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) by the Technical Support Unit (TSU) for IPCC Working Group I (WGI).\r\n Data curated on behalf of the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC-DDC).",
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                "title": "Caption for Figure 3.9 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Global, land, ocean and continental annual mean near-surface air temperatures anomalies in CMIP6 models and observations. Time series are shown for CMIP6 historical anthropogenic and natural (brown), natural-only (green), greenhouse gas only (grey) and aerosol only (blue) simulations (multi-model means shown as thick lines, and shaded ranges between the 5th and 95th percentiles) and for HadCRUT5 (black). All models have been subsampled using the HadCRUT5 observational data mask. Temperature anomalies are shown relative to 1950–2010 for Antarctica and relative to 1850–1900 for other continents. CMIP6 historical simulations are expand by the SSP2-4.5 scenario simulations. All available ensemble members were used (see Section 3.2). Regions are defined by Iturbide et al. (2020). Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                    "title": "IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains datasets relating to the figures found in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system.\r\n\r\nWhen using datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated in each specific dataset rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure 3.2\r\n- data for Figure 3.3\r\n- data for Figure 3.4\r\n- data for Figure 3.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.6\r\n- data for Figure 3.7\r\n- data for Figure 3.8\r\n- data for Figure 3.9\r\n- data for Figure 3.10\r\n- data for Figure 3.11\r\n- data for Figure 3.12\r\n- data for Figure 3.13\r\n- data for Figure 3.14\r\n- data for Figure 3.15\r\n- data for Figure 3.16\r\n- data for Figure 3.17\r\n- data for Figure 3.18\r\n- data for Figure 3.19\r\n- data for Figure 3.20\r\n- data for Figure 3.21\r\n- data for Figure 3.22\r\n- data for Figure 3.23\r\n- data for Figure 3.24\r\n- data for Figure 3.25\r\n- data for Figure 3.26\r\n- data for Figure 3.27\r\n- input data for Figure 3.27\r\n- data for Figure 3.28\r\n- input data for Figure 3.28\r\n- data for Figure 3.29\r\n- data for Figure 3.30\r\n- data for Figure 3.31\r\n- data for Figure 3.32\r\n- data for Figure 3.33\r\n- data for Figure 3.34\r\n- data for Figure 3.35\r\n- data for Figure 3.36\r\n- data for Figure 3.37\r\n- data for Figure 3.38\r\n- data for Figure 3.39\r\n- data for Figure 3.40\r\n- data for Figure 3.41\r\n- data for Figure 3.42\r\n- data for Figure 3.43\r\n- data for Figure 3.44\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.1.1\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.2.1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.1, Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.2., Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.3, Figure 1"
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            "title": "Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.12 (v20211001)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.12 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.12 shows column water vapor path trends (%/decade) for the period 1998-2019 averaged over the near-global oceans (50°S-50°N) \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The dataset contains water vapor path trends for the period 1998-2019 for:\r\n \r\n - observed average (RSS and ERA5)\r\n - simulated bins (CMIP5 and CMIP6)\r\n - simulated fit (CMIP5 and CMIP6)\r\n\r\nRSS (Remote Sensing Systems) refers to geophysical data collected by satellite microwave sensors.\r\nERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate.\r\nCMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_trend_era5.nc (var = 'prw_trend', purple line)\r\n - atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_trend_rss.nc (var = 'prw_trend', orange line)\r\n - atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_trends_kde_fit_cmip5.nc (var = 'trend_bins', blue line)\r\n - atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_trends_kde_fit_cmip6.nc (var = 'trend_bins', red line)\r\n - atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_trends_pdf_cmip5.nc (var = 'trend_bins', blue bars)\r\n - atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor_trends_pdf_cmip6.nc (var = 'trend_bins', red bars)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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            "title": "Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.23 (v20211001)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.23 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.23 shows multi-model-mean bias of (a) sea surface temperature and (b) near-surface salinity, defined as the difference between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and the climatology from the World Ocean Atlas 2018. \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has two panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a and panel_b.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains:\r\n \r\n - Global bias of modelled annual-mean sea surface temperature (°C) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014 to WOA 2018\r\n - Global bias of modelled annual-mean sea surface salinity (PSS-76) of CMIP6  for the period 1995–2014 to WOA 2018\r\n\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\nWOA 2018 is the World Ocean Atlas 2018.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - panel_a/fig_3_23_a.nc (sst, CMIP6 Sea Surface Temperature Bias)\r\n - panel_b/fig_3_23_b.nc (sss, CMIP6 Sea Surface Salinity Bias)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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                "abstract": "Multi-model-mean bias of (a) sea surface temperature and (b) near-surface salinity, defined as the difference between the CMIP6 multi-model mean and the climatology from the World Ocean Atlas 2018. The CMIP6 multi-model mean is constructed with one realization of 46 CMIP6 historical experiments for the period 1995–2014 and the climatology from the World Ocean Atlas 2018 is an average over all available years (1955-2017). Uncertainty is represented using the advanced approach: No overlay indicates regions with robust signal, where ≥66% of models show change greater than variability threshold and ≥80% of all models agree on sign of change; diagonal lines indicate regions with no change or no robust signal, where <66% of models show a change greater than the variability threshold; crossed lines indicate regions with conflicting signal, where ≥66% of models show change greater than the variability threshold and <80% of all models agree on sign of change. For more information on the advanced approach, please refer to the Cross-Chapter Box Atlas.1. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains datasets relating to the figures found in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system.\r\n\r\nWhen using datasets from this collection please use the citation indicated in each specific dataset rather than the citation for the entire collection.\r\n\r\nFigure datasets related to this collection:\r\n- data for Figure 3.2\r\n- data for Figure 3.3\r\n- data for Figure 3.4\r\n- data for Figure 3.5\r\n- data for Figure 3.6\r\n- data for Figure 3.7\r\n- data for Figure 3.8\r\n- data for Figure 3.9\r\n- data for Figure 3.10\r\n- data for Figure 3.11\r\n- data for Figure 3.12\r\n- data for Figure 3.13\r\n- data for Figure 3.14\r\n- data for Figure 3.15\r\n- data for Figure 3.16\r\n- data for Figure 3.17\r\n- data for Figure 3.18\r\n- data for Figure 3.19\r\n- data for Figure 3.20\r\n- data for Figure 3.21\r\n- data for Figure 3.22\r\n- data for Figure 3.23\r\n- data for Figure 3.24\r\n- data for Figure 3.25\r\n- data for Figure 3.26\r\n- data for Figure 3.27\r\n- input data for Figure 3.27\r\n- data for Figure 3.28\r\n- input data for Figure 3.28\r\n- data for Figure 3.29\r\n- data for Figure 3.30\r\n- data for Figure 3.31\r\n- data for Figure 3.32\r\n- data for Figure 3.33\r\n- data for Figure 3.34\r\n- data for Figure 3.35\r\n- data for Figure 3.36\r\n- data for Figure 3.37\r\n- data for Figure 3.38\r\n- data for Figure 3.39\r\n- data for Figure 3.40\r\n- data for Figure 3.41\r\n- data for Figure 3.42\r\n- data for Figure 3.43\r\n- data for Figure 3.44\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.1.1\r\n- data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.2.1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.1, Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.2., Figure 1\r\n- data for FAQ 3.3, Figure 1"
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.14 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure 3.14 shows wet and dry region tropical mean (30°S-30°N) annual precipitation anomalies.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has four panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b, panel_c and panel_d.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The dataset contains timeseries (1988-2020) of annual precipitation anomalies from\r\n\r\n - observation (GPCP)\r\n - reanalysis (ERA5)\r\n - multi-model mean (CMIP6)\r\n\r\nGPCP is the Global Precipitation Climatology Project.\r\nERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate.\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n - panel_a/AR6_WG1_Chap3_Figure3_14_panel_a_wetdry.csv (timeseries for wet regions)\r\n - panel_b/AR6_WG1_Chap3_Figure3_14_panel_b_wetdry.csv (timeseries for dry regions)\r\n - panel_c/AR6_WG1_Chap3_Figure3_14_panel_c_wetdry.csv (scaling factors for wet regions)\r\n - panel_d/AR6_WG1_Chap3_Figure3_14_panel_d_wetdry.csv (scaling factors for dry regions)\r\n Details on data provided in relation to each figure panel and its elements in the metadata associated to the corresponding files.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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                "abstract": "Observed and simulated time series of anomalies in zonal average annual mean precipitation. (a), (c–f) Evolution of global and zonal average annual mean precipitation (mm day–1) over areas of land where there are observations, expressed relative to the base-line period of 1961–1990, simulated by CMIP6 models (one ensemble member per model) forced with both anthropogenic and natural forcings (brown) and natural forcings only (green). Multi-model means are shown in thick solid lines and shading shows the 5–95% confidence interval of the individual model simulations. The data is smoothed using a low pass filter. Observations from three different datasets are included: gridded values derived from Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN version 2) station data, updated from Zhang et al. (2007), data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Product (GPCP L3 version 2.3,  Huffman and Bolvin, 2013) and from the Climate Research Unit (CRU TS4.02, Harris et al. (2014)). Also plotted are boxplots showing interquartile and 5–95% ranges of simulated trends over the period for simulations forced with both anthropogenic and natural forcings (brown) and natural forcings only (blue). Observed trends for each observational product are shown as horizontal lines. Panel (b) shows annual mean precipitation rate (mm day–1) of GHCN version 2 for the years 1950–2014 over land areas used to compute the plots. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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                "abstract": "Long-term mean (thin black contour) and linear trend (colour) of zonal mean DJF zonal winds over 1985–2014 in the SH. Displayed are (a) ERA5 and (b) CMIP6 multi-model mean (58 CMIP6 models). The solid contours show positive (westerly) and zero long-term mean zonal wind, and the dashed contours show negative (easterly) long-term mean zonal wind. Only one ensemble member per model is included. Figure is modified from Eyring et al. (2013), their Figure 12. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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            "title": "Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.43 (v20211001)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.43 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.43 shows centred pattern correlations between models and observations for the annual mean climatology over the period 1980-1999. \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains all correlation pattern values displayed in the figure.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n fig_3_43.nc:\r\n \r\n - variable: 'cor' with two dimensions:\r\n * 'vars': variables on the x-axis (same order as in the figure)\r\n * 'models': name of each models (the attribute 'project' contains mapping to 'CMIP3', 'CMIP5' or 'CMIP6')\r\n\r\n'cor' refers to the pattern correlation between models and observations.\r\nCMIP3 is the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\nCMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\nCMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.\r\n \r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo\r\n - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website.",
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                "title": "Caption for Figure 3.43 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)",
                "abstract": "Centred pattern correlations between models and observations for the annual mean climatology over the period 1980–1999. Results are shown for individual CMIP3 (cyan), CMIP5 (blue) and CMIP6 (red) models (one ensemble member from each model is used) as short lines, along with the corresponding ensemble averages (long lines). Correlations are shown between the models and the primary reference observational data set (from left to right: ERA5, GPCP-SG, CERES-EBAF, CERES-EBAF, CERES-EBAF, CERES-EBAF, JRA-55, ESACCI-SST, ERA5, ERA5, ERA5, ERA5, ERA5, ERA5, AIRS, ERA5). In addition, the correlation between the primary reference and additional observational datasets (from left to right: NCEP, GHCN, -, -, -, -, ERA5, HadISST, NCEP, NCEP, NCEP, NCEP, NCEP, NCEP, ERA5, NCEP) are shown (solid grey circles) if available. To ensure a fair comparison across a range of model resolutions, the pattern correlations are computed after regridding all datasets to a resolution of 4º in longitude and 5º in latitude. Figure is updated and expanded from Bock et al. (2020), their Figure 7 CC BY4.0  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.. Further details on data sources and processing are available in the chapter data table (Table 3.SM.1)."
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 2.25 from Chapter 2 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure 2.25 shows changes in permafrost temperature for 4 Arctic regions over the period 1974-2019 shown as average departures from the International Polar Year (2007-2009) baseline.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nGulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: Changing State of the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The dataset contains regional average departures (anomalies) of observed permafrost temperature relative to International Polar Year (2007-20909) baseline from 1974-2019 for 4 regions as defined in Romanovsky et al. (2017):\r\n \r\n - Permafrost temperature Barents region (1974-2019)\r\n - Permafrost temperature Baffin Bay Davis Strait region (1979-2019)\r\n - Permafrost temperature anomaly Beaufort-Chukchi Sea region (1978-2019)\r\n - Permafrost temperature Interior Alaska and Central Mackenzie Valley NWT (1983-2019)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to Figure 2.25\r\n Data file: Arctic_permafrost_temperature_anomaly.csv; (annual data, average regional anomalies) relates to green line (Barents), purple line (Baffin), blue line (Beaufort-Chukchi) and red line (Interior Alaska and Central Mackenzie Valley)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 2)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1\r\n - Link to input data figure 2.25.",
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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            "title": "Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure SPM.3 (v20210809)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure SPM.3 from the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure SPM.3 shows the synthesis of assessed observed and attributable regional changes in hot extremes, heavy precipitation and agricultural and ecological droughts and confidence in human contribution to the observed changes in the world’s regions.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nHow to cite this dataset\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nIPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nFigure subpanels\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe figure has three panels, with data provided for all panels in subdirectories named panel_a, panel_b and panel_c.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nList of data provided\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nPanel a: Synthesis of assessment of observed change in hot extremes and confidence in human contribution to the observed changes in the AR6 land-regions, excluding Antarctica.\r\n\r\nPanel b: Synthesis of assessment of observed change in heavy precipitation and confidence in human contribution to the observed changes in the AR6 land-regions, excluding Antarctica.\r\n\r\nPanel c: Synthesis of assessment of observed change in agricultural and ecological drought and confidence in human contribution to the observed changes in the AR6 land-regions, excluding Antarctica.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nData provided in relation to figure\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n·\tData file: panel_a/SPM3_panel_a.csv (AR6 world regions, observed change in hot extremes, confidence in human contribution); middle entry relates to the colour of the map, showing [increase] (red), [decrease](blue),[low agreement in type of change](white/grey),[limited data and/or literature](grey) .\r\n·\tData file: panel_b/SPM3_panel_b.csv (AR6 world regions, observed change in heavy precipitation, confidence in human contribution); middle entry relates to the colour of the map, showing [increase] (green), [decrease](yellow),[low agreement in type of change](white/grey),[limited data and/or literature](grey) .\r\n\r\n·\tData file: panel_c/SPM3_panel_c.csv (AR6 world regions, observed change in agricultural and ecological drought, confidence in human contribution); middle entry relates to the colour of the map, showing [increase] (yellow), [decrease](green),[low agreement in type of change](white/grey),[limited data and/or literature](grey) \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nSources of additional information\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nThe data in the files is an assessment of section 11.9 in chapter 11 that is provided in the second first two columns of the tables in that section.",
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                "abstract": "The IPCC AR6 WGI inhabited regions are displayed as hexagons with identical size in their approximate geographical location (see legend for regional acronyms). All assessments are made for each region as a whole and for the 1950s to the present. Assessments made on different time scales or more local spatial scales might differ from what is shown in the figure. The colours in each panel represent the four outcomes of the assessment on observed changes. White and light grey striped hexagons are used where there is low agreement in the type of change for the region as a whole and grey hexagons are used when there is  limited data and/or literature that prevents an assessment of the region as a whole. Other colours indicate at least medium confidence in the observed change. The confidence level for the human influence on these observed changes is based on assessing trend detection and attribution and event attribution literature, and it is indicated by the number of dots: three dots for high confidence, two dots for medium confidence and one dot for low confidence (filled: limited agreement; empty: limited evidence). \r\n\r\nPanel a) For hot extremes, the evidence is mostly drawn from changes in metrics based on daily maximum temperatures; regional studies using other indices (heatwave duration, frequency and intensity) are used in addition. Red hexagons indicate regions where there is at least medium confidence in an observed increase in hot extremes. \r\n\r\nPanel b) For heavy precipitation, the evidence is mostly drawn from changes in indices based on one-day or five-day precipitation amounts using global and regional studies. Green hexagons indicate regions where there is at least medium confidence in an observed increase in heavy precipitation. \r\n\r\nPanel c) Agricultural and ecological droughts are assessed based on observed and simulated changes in total column soil moisture, complemented by evidence on changes in surface soil moisture, water balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) and indices driven by precipitation and atmospheric evaporative demand. Yellow hexagons indicate regions where there is at least medium confidence in an observed increase in this type of drought and green hexagons indicate regions where there is at least medium confidence in an observed decrease in agricultural and ecological drought. \r\n\r\nFor all regions, table TS.5 shows a broader range of observed changes besides the ones shown in this figure.  Note that SSA is the only region that does not display observed changes in the metrics shown in this figure, but is affected by observed increases in mean temperature, decreases in frost, and increases in marine heatwaves. {11.9, Table TS.5, Box TS.10, Figure 1, Atlas 1.3.3, Figure Atlas.2}"
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            "abstract": "Input Data for Figure 2.13 from Chapter 2 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure 2.13 shows the global trends in surface specific humidity and surface relative humidity over 1973-2019\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nGulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: Changing State of the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has four panels, with input data provided for panels (a) HadISDH_blendq_1_0_0_2019f.nc and (c) HadISDH_blendRH_1_0_0_2019f.nc \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains global maps of specific and relative humidity trends over 1973-2019\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset is the input data used in the code that generates panel (a) and panel (c) for figure 2.13 \r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following changes to filenames were made to archive the data (due to filenaming restrictions). To use the data with any associated figure code, the filenames should be reverted.\r\n\r\n HadISDH_blendq_1_0_0_2019f.nc -> HadISDH.blendq.1.0.0.2019f.nc \r\n HadISDH_blendRH_1_0_0_2019f.nc ->  HadISDH.blendRH.1.0.0.2019f.nc \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 2)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1\r\n - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website",
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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            "abstract": "Input data for Figure 2.15 from Chapter 2 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure 2.15 provides global precipitation trend maps and time series for a variety of data sources\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nGulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: Changing State of the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has six panels, with input data provided for panel (a) (cru_masked_2019_2), panels (b) and (e) (gpcc_v2020_msk2.nc), panel (d) (cru_masked_2019_2.nc), and panel (f) (gpcp2019.nc)\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains observed global precipitation data from a variety of sources covering the period 1891-2019\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset is the input data used in the code that generates panels (a), (b), (d), (e) and (f) for figure 2.15. \r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 2)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1\r\n - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website",
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            "abstract": "This dataset contains monthly global carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution.\r\n\r\nA spectrally-resolved photoacclimation model was unified with a primary production model that simulated photosynthesis as a function of irradiance using a two-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) function to estimate the carbon content of marine phytoplankton based on ocean-colour remote sensing products (Sathyendranath et al. 2020 and references therein for details). The photoacclimation model contains a maximum chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio for three different phytoplankton size classes (pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton) that was inferred from field data, as in Sathyendranath et al. (2020). Chlorophyll-a products were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI v5.0 dataset). Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were corrected for inter-sensor bias in products. Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) was obtained from the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea (Ifremer). In situ datasets P-I parameters were incorporated as described in Kulk et al. (2020). \r\n\r\nThe phytoplankton carbon products were generated as part of the ESA Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) project. Support from the Simons Foundation grant ‘Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems’ (CBIOMES, number 549947) and from the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) is acknowledged.\r\n\r\nData are provided as netCDF files containing carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. Additional variables that were used for the calculation of the phytoplankton carbon products are also provided, including chlorophyll-a (chl_a in mg m-3), photosynthetically activate radiation (par, in µmol photons m-2 d-1), mixed layer depth (mld in m) and the mean spectral nondimensional irradiance (mean_spectral_i_star).\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nSathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Marañón, E.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H.A. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Applies Optics, 2020, 59, C100. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252\r\n\r\nKulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A., Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón, E.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12,826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826",
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                "explanation": "The satellite-based estimates of phytoplankton carbon are consistent with in situ data (Figure 7, Sathyendranath  et al. 2020) and the theoretical model used to generate the products compared well with results from earlier published empirical models (Figure 8, Sathyendranath et al. 2020). Further details are provided in Sathyendranath et al. (2020).",
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                "abstract": "A spectrally-resolved photoacclimation model was unified with a primary production model that simulated photosynthesis as a function of irradiance using a two-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) function to estimate the carbon content of marine phytoplankton based on ocean-colour remote sensing products (Sathyendranath et al. 2020 and references therein for details). The photoacclimation model contains a maximum chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio for three different phytoplankton size classes (pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton) that was inferred from field data. Chlorophyll-a products were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI v5). Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were corrected for inter-sensor bias in products. Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) was obtained from the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea (Ifremer). In situ datasets of chlorophyll-a profile parameters and P-I parameters were incorporated as described in Kulk et al. (2020)\r\n\r\n\r\nSathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Marañón, E.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H.A. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Applies Optics, 2020, 59, C100. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252\r\n\r\nKulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A., Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovac, Z.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón,\r\nE.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826"
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                    "abstract": "The Met. Research Flight (MRF) was a Met Office facility, which operated a well instrumented C-130 Hercules (also referred to as Mk.2 Hercules) aircraft for research purposes. The C-130 was in service from 1972 to 2001 and flew over 1800 research sorties. The large capacity and long endurance of this platform made it ideal for atmospheric research in the areas of cloud physics, atmospheric radiation, atmospheric chemistry, satellite activities, mesoscale meteorology and boundary layer studies.\r\n\r\nThe BADC holds data collected by the C-130 during NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) funded flights, such as those made during ACSOE (Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment) and UTLS (Upper Troposphere - Lower Stratosphere) projects. The basic set of measurements include ozone, nitrogen oxides, water vapour, aerosols, wind, position and temperature. These are often supplemented by project specific measurements.\r\n\r\nThe aircraft was able to operate scientifically throughout the troposphere from a minimum altitude of 15 m (50 ft) where permitted, up to a maximum of 10 km. The aircraft had a maximum working flight time of 12 hours.\r\n\r\nThe C-130 was taken out of service in March 2001 and a new joint NERC-Met Office Facility for Airborne Aircraft Measurements (FAAM) was established operating a BAe-146-301 aircraft."
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            "title": "Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.41 (v20211028)",
            "abstract": "Data for Figure 3.41 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\nFigure 3.41 is a summary figure showing simulated and observed changes in key large-scale indicators of climate change across the climate system, for continental, ocean basin and larger scales. \r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nEyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The data of each panel is provided in a single file.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This datasets contains global and regional anomaly time-series for:\r\n \r\n - near-surface air temperature (1850-2020)\r\n - precipitation (1950-2014)\r\n - sea ice extent (1979-2014)\r\n - ocean heat content (1850-2014)\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\nnear-surface air temperature (tas)\r\n-fig_3_41_tas_global.nc, fig_3_41_tas_land.nc, fig_3_41_tas_north_america.nc, fig_3_41_tas_central_south_america.nc, fig_3_41_tas_europe_north_africa.nc, fig_3_41_tas_africa.nc, fig_3_41_tas_asia.nc, fig_3_41_tas_australasia.nc, fig_3_41_tas_antarctic.nc:\r\nbrown line: exp = 0, stat = 0 (mean); shaded region: stat = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\ngreen line: exp = 1, stat = 0 (mean); shaded region: stat = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\nblack line: exp = 4, stat = 0 (mean)\r\n\r\nocean heat content (ohc)\r\n-fig_3_41_ohc_global.nc:\r\nbrown line: ncl5 = 0, ncl6 = 0 (mean); shaded region: ncl6 = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\ngreen line: ncl5 = 1, ncl6 = 0 (mean); shaded region: ncl6 = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\nblack line: ncl5 = 2, ncl6 = 0 (mean)\r\n\r\nprecipitation (pr)\r\n-fig_3_41_pr_60N_90N.nc:\r\nbrown line: exp = 0, stat = 0 (mean); shaded region: stat = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\ngreen line: exp = 1, stat = 0 (mean); shaded region: stat = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\nblack line: exp = 2, stat = 0 (mean)\r\n\r\nsea ice extent (siconc)\r\n-fig_3_41_siconc_nh.nc, fig_3_41_siconc_sh.nc:\r\nbrown line: exp = 0, stat = 0 (mean); shaded region: stat = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\ngreen line: exp = 1, stat = 0 (mean); shaded region: stat = 1 (5th percentile) and 2 (95th percentile)\r\nblack line: exp = 2, stat = 0 (mean)\r\n\r\nThe ensemble spread (shaded regions) of CMIP6 data shown in figure 3.41 are the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles. \r\nThe in-file metadata labels the same ensemble spread with mean, min and max.\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo\r\n - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website",
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            "abstract": "Data for Figure 2.36 from Chapter 2 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure 2.36 shows changes in ENSO variability over time. The upper panel shows multi-centennial changes while the lower panel shows changes during the instrumental period.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nGulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: Changing State of the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004.\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 2)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n There are two subpanels. Data are provided for lower panel. Links to the data used for the upper panel are provided as part of the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains 30-year standard deviations in instrumental Nino 3.4, the proxy mean, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), beginning from the first SOI data (1876-1905).\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Panel b:\r\n \r\n - Data file: Figure_2_36-instrumental_period_data.csv, second column blue line\r\n - Data file: Figure_2_36-instrumental_period_data.csv, third column cyan line\r\n - Data file: Figure_2_36-instrumental_period_data.csv, fourth column orange line",
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                    "abstract": "Data for the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\nAcknowledgements\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\nThe initiative to archive the data (and code) from the Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis report was a collective effort with many contributors. We thank the Working Group I Co-Chairs for their long-standing support. We also extend our gratitude to the members of the IPCC Task Group on Data Support for Climate Change Assessments (TG-Data) for their constant guidance and encouragement, including its Co-chairs, David Huard and Sebastian Vicuna. \r\n\r\nFor the implementation of the initiative, we recognise project management from Anna Pirani and Robin Matthews of the Working Group I TSU (WGI TSU). For contributing data and metadata for archival, we gratefully acknowledge the numerous WGI Authors and Chapter Scientists. In particular, we highlight the efforts of Katherine Dooley, Lisa Bock, Malinina-Rieger Elizaveta, Chaincy Kuo and Chris Smith for their major contributions.\r\n\r\nFor assistance with preparing data, code and the accompanying metadata for archival and publication, we extend our considerable appreciation to the dedicated contractor, Lina Sitz, along with Diego Cammarano and Özge Yelekçi from the WGI TSU. For the subsequent archival of figure data, we are indebted to Charlotte Pascoe, Kate Winfield, Ellie Fisher, Molly MacRae, and Emily Anderson from the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).\r\n\r\nFor the archival of the climate model data used as input to the report, we gratefully acknowledge Martina Stockhause of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). For the development and support of software for data and code archival, we thank Tim Waterfield of the WGI TSU. For administrative contributions to the initiative we thank Clotilde Pean of the WGI TSU and Martin Juckes from CEDA. For the transfer of metadata to the IPCC data catalogue, we thank MetadataWorks. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Governments of France, the United Kingdom and Germany, without which data and code archival would not have been possible."
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            "abstract": "Input data for Figure 2.27 from Chapter 2 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).\r\n\r\n\r\nFigure 2.27 presents the ocean salinity trends during historical period (1950-2019) for the near surface (global map, panel a) and zonal mean sub-surface (panel b), with regions of non-significant changes masked by 'x' marks. \r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n How to cite this dataset\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:\r\nGulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: Changing State of the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004.\r\n\r\n \r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Figure subpanels\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The figure has two panels, with data provided for all panels (DurackandWijffels_GlobalOceanChanges_19500101-20191231__210122-205355_beta.nc) and processed via the MATLAB script (Figure_2_27.m) linked in the Related Documens section.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n List of data provided\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n This dataset contains the global ocean salinity estimates from Durack & Wijffels (2010) based on observations from 01-01-1950 to 12-31-2019:\r\n \r\n - Mean salinity (for the Jan/1950 to Dec/2019 period, units in PSS).\r\n - Salinity change (for the same period, PSS/70-years).\r\n - Salinity change error (same period, PSS/70-years).\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Data provided in relation to figure\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n  The processing of the salinity estimates from Durack & Wejffels (2010), is done in the MATLAB script (Figure_2_27.m).\r\n\r\n  Panel a: \r\n  - Ocean surface salinity change (1950-2019) and time mean (for isohalines).\r\n\r\n  Panel b:\r\n  - Zonal mean ocean subsurface salinity (0-2000m) change (1950-2019) and time mean (for isohalines).\r\n\r\n\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data.\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The salinity change from the dataset has unit PSS/70-years. Units for salinity change and salinity change error have been converted to PSS/decade.\r\n\r\n Salinity change error from the dataset must be multiplied by 1.09 (to account for the resolved error when a bootstrap resampling was undertaken) x 1.64485 (i.e., z-value for 90% confidence interval) in order to get the uncertainty for the stippling.\r\n\r\n The stippling in both panels is done for regions (either surface salinity, panel a, or zonal mean salinity, panel b) where the salinity uncertainties are larger than the salinity trend.\r\n\r\n\r\n---------------------------------------------------\r\n Sources of additional information\r\n ---------------------------------------------------\r\n The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:\r\n - Link to the IPCC AR6 website\r\n - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 2)\r\n - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1\r\n - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.",
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