Related Observation Info List
Get a list of RelatedObservationInfo objects.
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{ "count": 1153, "next": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v3/relatedobservationinfos/?format=api&limit=100&offset=1100", "previous": "https://api.catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/api/v3/relatedobservationinfos/?format=api&limit=100&offset=900", "results": [ { "ob_id": 1090, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 26782, "uuid": "ff4bfe39b7fe42fc993341d3cebdabb5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Greenland Ice Sheet Climate Change Initiative (Greenland_Ice_Sheet_cci): Greenland Gravimetric Mass Balance from GRACE data (CSR RL06), derived by DTU Space, v1.5", "abstract": "This dataset provides the Gravitational Mass Balance (GMB) product derived from gravimetry data from the GRACE satellite instrument, by DTU Space. The data consists of two products: a mass change time series for the entire Greenland Ice Sheet and different drainage basins for the period April 2002 to June 2016; and mass trend grids for different 5-year periods between 2003 and 2016. This version (1.5) is derived from GRACE monthly solutions from the CSR RL06 product.\r\n\r\nThe mass change time series contains the mass change (with respect to a chosen reference month) for all of the Greenland Ice Sheet and each individual drainage basin. For each month (defined by a decimal year) a mass change in Gt and its associated error (also in Gt) is provided. The mass trend grid product is given in units of mm water equivalent per year.\r\n\r\nMass balance is an important variable to understand glacial thinning and ablation rates to enable mapping glacier area change. The time series allows the longer term comparison of trends whereas the mass trend grids provide a yearly snapshot which can be further analysed and compared across the data set. \r\n\r\nBasin definitions and further data descriptions can be found in the Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (ST-DTU-ESA-GISCCI-ATBD-001_v3.1.pdf) and Product Specification Document (ST-DTU-ESA-GISCCI-PSD_v2.2.pdf) which are provided on the Greenland Ice Sheet CCI project website. \r\n\r\nCitation: \r\nBarletta, V. R., Sørensen, L. S., and Forsberg, R.: Scatter of mass changes estimates at basin scale for Greenland and Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 1411-1432, doi:10.5194/tc-7-1411-2013, 2013." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 26784, "uuid": "35ea8189e75e4b6f95e7c86812080ecb", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Greenland Ice Sheet Climate Change Initiative (Greenland_Ice_Sheet_cci): Greenland Gravimetric Mass Balance from GRACE data, derived by DTU Space, v1.4", "abstract": "This dataset provides the Gravitational Mass Balance (GMB) product derived from gravimetry data from the GRACE satellite instrument, by DTU Space. The data consists of two products: a mass change time series for the entire Greenland Ice Sheet and different drainage basins for the period April 2002 to June 2017; and mass trend grids for different 5-year periods between 2003 and 2017. This version (1.4) is derived from GRACE monthly solutions provided by TU Graz (ITSG-Grace 2016), apart from August 2016 time series which is computed using the CRS-R05 solution.\r\n\r\nThe mass change time series contains the mass change (with respect to a chosen reference month) for all of the Greenland Ice Sheet and each individual drainage basin. For each month (defined by a decimal year) a mass change in Gt and its associated error (also in Gt) is provided. The mass trend grid product is given in units of mm water equivalent per year.\r\n\r\nMass balance is an important variable to understand glacial thinning and ablation rates to enable mapping glacier area change. The time series allows the longer term comparison of trends whereas the mass trend grids provide a yearly snapshot which can be further analysed and compared across the data set. \r\n\r\nBasin definitions and further data descriptions can be found in the Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (ST-DTU-ESA-GISCCI-ATBD-001_v3.1.pdf) and Product Specification Document (ST-DTU-ESA-GISCCI-PSD_v2.2.pdf) which are provided on the Greenland Ice Sheet CCI project website. \r\n\r\nCitation: \r\nBarletta, V. R., Sørensen, L. S., and Forsberg, R.: Scatter of mass changes estimates at basin scale for Greenland and Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 1411-1432, doi:10.5194/tc-7-1411-2013, 2013." } }, { "ob_id": 1091, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44243, "uuid": "306246329ae04eb3b2299446d911530a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "CLASSnmat version 2: monthly, global, gridded night marine air temperature data", "abstract": "Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS)nmat is a global dataset of monthly mean night marine air temperature (NMAT) that is produced on a 5° latitude by 5° longitude regular grid and covers the period since 1880.\r\n\r\nThe temperature values are taken from version 3.0.0 of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) for the period 1880-2014 and from version 3.0.2 of ICOADS thereafter. The in situ air temperature readings recorded between one hour after sunset and one hour after sunrise have been extracted from ICOADS and the ship data have been adjusted to reduce the effects of varying thermometer heights. The data have been adjusted from their respective recording heights to each of three reference heights: 2m, 10m and 20m. The air temperature readings have been subjected to a quality-control procedure and then the values have been aggregated to form gridded averages, with corresponding uncertainty estimates.\r\n\r\nThis dataset has been developed under the following NERC-funded projects: GloSAT (NE/S015647/2), CLASS (NE/R015953/1) and AtlantiS (NE/Y005589/1)." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30637, "uuid": "5bbf48b128bd488dbb10a56111feb36a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "CLASSnmat: monthly, global, gridded night marine air temperature data", "abstract": "Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS)nmat is a global dataset of monthly mean night marine air temperature (NMAT) that is produced on a 5° latitude by 5° longitude regular grid and covers the period 1880 to 2019.\r\n\r\nThe temperature values are taken from version 3.0.0 of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) for the period 1880-2014 and from version 3.0.2 of ICOADS thereafter. The in situ air temperature readings recorded between one hour after sunset and one hour after sunrise have been extracted from ICOADS and the ship data have been adjusted to reduce the effects of varying thermometer heights. The data have been adjusted from their respective recording heights to each of three reference heights: 2m, 10m and 20m. The air temperature readings have been subjected to a quality-control procedure and values that fail these tests have been excluded. Duplicate values have also been excluded. Additional adjustments have been applied to the data during the Second World War to account for non-standard thermometer exposures on some ships.\r\n\r\nThe adjusted data have been aggregated into monthly mean values in each grid-cell; uncertainty estimates of these gridded values are also provided. The data have not been interpolated across missing grid boxes. In addition to the absolute temperature values, the gridded data also contain anomalies that are expressed with respect to three climatological averages (1961-90, 1971-2000 and 1981-2010).\r\n\r\nAverages across three large-scale domains are provided and these have been calculated from the 10m gridded anomaly data fields and these data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) files. Uncertainty estimates in these averages are also provided.\r\n\r\nDataset description:\r\nGridded data:\r\nFor each of the reference heights (2m, 10m and 20m) there are three files for each of the base periods. These files contain the absolute gridded data at the respective height, the anomaly values and the uncertainty estimates. The uncertainty estimates consist of three components (correlated, uncorrelated sampling) along with the total uncertainty estimates. Uncertainty values from the climatology estimates are also provided. The climatology files contain the smoothed climatology values along with the 200-member ensemble of climatology realizations, which are used to construct the climatology uncertainties. All uncertainties are 1-sigma values.\r\n\r\nTime series data:\r\nMonthly and annual anomaly averages across four regions are provided as CSV files: Global, northern/southern hemispheres and the tropics (30S-30N). These files also contain the corresponding uncertainty values.\r\n\r\nFormat:\r\nThe gridded files are available as NetCDF 4 files, and use a factor 6 compression level. The NetCDF files meet CF-compliance version 1.6. The time series data (large-scale averages) computed from the gridded data are available as comma-separated values (CSV).\r\n\r\nPlease note that the current public release of ICOADS for the period after 2015 (the near-real-time updates) is version 3.0.1. In CLASSnmat we have used version 3.0.2, which is currently a test version and is not yet publicly available." } }, { "ob_id": 1092, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44259, "uuid": "71dfc9ee866c400b930a9f35e12eb8ee", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Seasonal Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43591, "uuid": "06f14deceb27463c86f350ad278245ca", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Seasonal Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1093, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44260, "uuid": "0f81ad59f9e94cc4b038dd483ac29797", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Monthly Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values.\r\n \r\nFor mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43590, "uuid": "6d41468a8cd4462e923b4fc4f28b2dda", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Monthly Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values.\r\n \r\nFor mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1094, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44261, "uuid": "aad24c247c1b4c6e97686b1f3ea372af", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43592, "uuid": "1d2020153f84407ba2852acfd8579886", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.0.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1095, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44262, "uuid": "4b541f71524244c5a19f7d8321b5563d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43589, "uuid": "0363d592dd3548febaa6fc4056a618a9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature series v2.0.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1096, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44262, "uuid": "4b541f71524244c5a19f7d8321b5563d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44261, "uuid": "aad24c247c1b4c6e97686b1f3ea372af", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1097, "relationType": "IsSupplementTo", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44261, "uuid": "aad24c247c1b4c6e97686b1f3ea372af", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44262, "uuid": "4b541f71524244c5a19f7d8321b5563d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1098, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44260, "uuid": "0f81ad59f9e94cc4b038dd483ac29797", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Monthly Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values.\r\n \r\nFor mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44262, "uuid": "4b541f71524244c5a19f7d8321b5563d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1099, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44259, "uuid": "71dfc9ee866c400b930a9f35e12eb8ee", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Seasonal Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44262, "uuid": "4b541f71524244c5a19f7d8321b5563d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1100, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 32258, "uuid": "01b00854797d44a59d57c8cce08821eb", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Fire Climate Change Initiative (Fire_cci): Small Fire Database (SFD) Burned Area grid product for Sub-Saharan Africa, version 2.0", "abstract": "The ESA Fire Disturbance Climate Change Initiative (Fire_cci) project has produced maps of global burned area developed from satellite observations. The Small Fire Database (SFD) pixel products have been obtained by combining spectral information from Sentinel-2 MSI data and thermal information from VIIRS VNP14IMGML active fire products.\r\n\r\nThis gridded dataset has been derived from the Small Fire Database (SFD) Burned Area pixel product for Sub-Saharan Africa, v2.0 (also available), which covers Sub-Saharan Africa for the year 2019, by summarising its burned area information into a regular grid covering the Earth at 0.05 x 0.05 degrees resolution and at monthly temporal resolution." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 26189, "uuid": "4b0773a84e8142c688a628c9ce62d4ec", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Fire Climate Change Initiative (Fire_cci): Small Fire Database (SFD) Burned Area grid product for Sub-Saharan Africa, version 1.1", "abstract": "The ESA Fire Disturbance Climate Change Initiative (Fire_cci) project has produced maps of global burned area developed from satellite observations. The Small Fire Database (SFD) pixel products have been obtained by combining spectral information from Sentinel-2 MSI data and thermal information from MODIS MOD14MD Collection 6 active fire products.\r\n\r\nThis gridded dataset has been derived from the Small Fire Database (SFD) Burned Area pixel product for Sub-Saharan Africa, v1.1 (also available), which covers Sub-Saharan Africa for the year 2016, by summarising its burned area information into a regular grid covering the Earth at 0.25 x 0.25 degrees resolution and at monthly temporal resolution." } }, { "ob_id": 1101, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 40297, "uuid": "63ce273377414fdfadae3cdd242e2f90", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (SST_cci): Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Level 3 Collated (L3C) Climate Data Record, version 3.0", "abstract": "This v2.1 SST_cci Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Level 3 Collated (L3C) Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of stable, low-bias sea surface temperature (SST) data from the ATSR series of satellite instruments. It covers the period between 11/1991 and 04/2012. This L3C product provides these SST data on a 0.05 regular latitude-longitude grid and collated to include all orbits for a day (separated into daytime and nighttime files).\r\n\r\nThe dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST_cci accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research.\r\n\r\nThis CDR Version 2.1 product supercedes the CDR v2.0 product. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .\r\n\r\nWhen citing this dataset please also cite the associated data paper: Merchant, C.J., Embury, O., Bulgin, C.E., Block T., Corlett, G.K., Fiedler, E., Good, S.A., Mittaz, J., Rayner, N.A., Berry, D., Eastwood, S., Taylor, M., Tsushima, Y., Waterfall, A., Wilson, R., Donlon, C. Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications, Scientific Data 6:223 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0236-x" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 27522, "uuid": "5db2099606b94e63879d841c87e654ae", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (SST_cci): Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Level 3 Collated (L3C) Climate Data Record, version 2.1", "abstract": "This v2.1 SST_cci Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Level 3 Collated (L3C) Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of stable, low-bias sea surface temperature (SST) data from the ATSR series of satellite instruments. It covers the period between 11/1991 and 04/2012. This L3C product provides these SST data on a 0.05 regular latitude-longitude grid and collated to include all orbits for a day (separated into daytime and nighttime files).\r\n\r\nThe dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST_cci accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research.\r\n\r\nThis CDR Version 2.1 product supercedes the CDR v2.0 product. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .\r\n\r\nWhen citing this dataset please also cite the associated data paper: Merchant, C.J., Embury, O., Bulgin, C.E., Block T., Corlett, G.K., Fiedler, E., Good, S.A., Mittaz, J., Rayner, N.A., Berry, D., Eastwood, S., Taylor, M., Tsushima, Y., Waterfall, A., Wilson, R., Donlon, C. Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications, Scientific Data 6:223 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0236-x" } }, { "ob_id": 1102, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 40358, "uuid": "b06c4c5ea7694d30b33e1db04f0ecb6a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Snow Climate Change Initiative (Snow_cci): Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) level 3C daily global climate research data package (CRDP) (1979 - 2022), version 3.0", "abstract": "This dataset contains v3.0 of the Daily Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) product from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Snow project, at 0.1 degree resolution.\r\n\r\nSnow water equivalent (SWE) indicates the amount of accumulated snow on land surfaces, in other words the amount of water contained within the snowpack. The SWE product time series covers the period from 1979/01 to 2022/12. Northern Hemisphere SWE products are available at daily temporal resolution with alpine areas masked. \r\n\r\nThe product is based on data from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) operated on National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Nimbus-7 satellite, the Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM/I) and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMI/S) carried onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) 5D- and F-series satellites. The satellite bands provide spatial resolutions between 15 and 69 km. The retrieval methodology combines satellite passive microwave radiometer (PMR) measurements with ground-based synoptic weather station observations by Bayesian non-linear iterative assimilation. A background snow-depth field from re-gridded surface snow-depth observations and a passive microwave emission model are required components of the retrieval scheme.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is aimed to serve the needs of users working on climate research and monitoring activities, including the detection of variability and trends, climate modelling, and aspects of hydrology and meteorology.\r\n\r\nThe Finnish Meteorological Institute is responsible for the SWE product development and generation. \r\n\r\nFor the period from 1979 to May 1987, the products are available every second day. From October 1987 till December 2022, the products are available daily. Products are only generated for the Northern Hemisphere winter seasons, usually from beginning of October till the middle of May. A limited number of SWE products are available for days in June and September; products are not available for the months July and August as there is usually no snow information reported on synoptic weather stations, which is required as input for the SWE retrieval. Because of known limitations in alpine terrain, a complex-terrain mask is applied based on the sub-grid variability in elevation determined from a high-resolution digital elevation model. All land ice and large lakes are also masked; retrievals are not produced for coastal regions of Greenland.\r\n\r\nPassive microwave radiometer data are obtained from the recalibrated enhanced resolution CETB ESDR dataset (MEaSUREs Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave Daily EASE-Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperature (CETB) Earth System Data Record (ESDR) https://nsidc.org/pmesdr/data-sets/) Spatially and temporally varying snow density fields are implemented into the SWE retrieval, dry snow detection algorithm has been updated and snow masking in post-production has been improved. The time series has been extended from snow_cci version 2 by two years with data from 2020 to 2022 added.\r\n\r\nThe ESA CCI phased product development framework allowed for a systematic analysis of these changes in the snow density parameterization, snow dry detection and snow masking that occurred between v2 and v3 using a series of step-wise developmental datasets. In comparison with in-situ snow courses, the correlation and RMSE of v3 improved 0.014 and 0.6 mm, respectively, relative to v2. The timing of peak snow mass is shifted two weeks later compared to v1 and reduction in peak snow mass presented in v2 is removed in v3.\r\n\r\nThis dataset has been deprecated due to data errors in the v3.0 product." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 31200, "uuid": "4647cc9ad3c044439d6c643208d3c494", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Snow Climate Change Initiative (Snow_cci): Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) level 3C daily global climate research data package (CRDP) (1979 – 2020), version 2.0", "abstract": "This dataset contains v2.0 of the Daily Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) product from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Snow project, at 0.1 degree resolution.\r\n\r\nSnow water equivalent (SWE) indicates the amount of accumulated snow on land surfaces, in other words the amount of water contained within the snowpack. The SWE product time series covers the period from 1979/01 to 2020/05. Northern Hemisphere SWE products are available at daily temporal resolution with alpine areas masked. \r\n\r\nThe product is based on data from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) operated on National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Nimbus-7 satellite, the Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM/I) and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMI/S) carried onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) 5D- and F-series satellites. The satellite bands provide spatial resolutions between 15 and 69 km. The retrieval methodology combines satellite passive microwave radiometer (PMR) measurements with ground-based synoptic weather station observations by Bayesian non-linear iterative assimilation. A background snow-depth field from re-gridded surface snow-depth observations and a passive microwave emission model are required components of the retrieval scheme.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is aimed to serve the needs of users working on climate research and monitoring activities, including the detection of variability and trends, climate modelling, and aspects of hydrology and meteorology.\r\n\r\nThe Finnish Meteorological Institute is responsible for the SWE product development and generation. \r\n\r\nFor the period from 1979 to May 1987, the products are available every second day. From October 1987 till May 2020, the products are available daily. Products are only generated for the Northern Hemisphere winter seasons, usually from beginning of October till the middle of May. A limited number of SWE products are available for days in June and September; products are not available for the months July and August as there is usually no snow information reported on synoptic weather stations, which is required as input for the SWE retrieval. Because of known limitations in alpine terrain, a complex-terrain mask is applied based on the sub-grid variability in elevation determined from a high-resolution digital elevation model. All land ice and large lakes are also masked; retrievals are not produced for coastal regions of Greenland.\r\n\r\nThis version 2 dataset has some notable differences compared to the v1 data. In v2, passive microwave radiometer data are obtained from the recalibrated enhanced resolution CETB ESDR dataset (MEaSUREs Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave Daily EASE-Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperature (CETB) Earth System Data Record (ESDR) https://nsidc.org/pmesdr/data-sets/) the grid spacing is reduced from 25 km to 12.5 km, and spatially and temporally varying snow density fields are used to adjust SWE retrievals in post processing. The output grid spacing is reduced from 0.25-degree to 0.10-degree WGS84 latitude / longitude to be compatible with other Snow_cci products. The time series has been extended by two years with data from 2018 to 2020 added.\r\n\r\nThe ESA CCI phased product development framework allowed for a systematic analysis of these changes to the input data and snow density parameterization that occurred between v1 and v2 using a series of step-wise developmental datasets. In comparison with in-situ snow courses, the correlation and RMSE of v2 improved 18% (0.1) and 12% (5mm), respectively, relative to v1. The timing of peak snow mass is shifted two weeks later and a temporal discontinuity in the monthly northern hemisphere snow mass time series associated with the shift from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) in 2009 is removed in v2." } }, { "ob_id": 1103, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44269, "uuid": "3fcb9e23c9bf47bc8a9762c03e13ba0b", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.marine: gridded global monthly ocean surface humidity data version 1.6.1.2024f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.marine 1.6.1.2024f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.marine is a near-global gridded monthly mean marine surface humidity climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ observations of air temperature and dew point temperature from ships. The observations have been quality controlled and bias-adjusted. Uncertainty estimates for observation issues and gridbox sampling are provided (see data quality statement section below). The data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre and this version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2024.\r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for temperature and six humidity variables: specific humidity (q), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature (Td), wet bulb temperature (Tw), vapour pressure (e), dew point depression (DPD).\r\n\r\nThis version extends the previous version to the end of 2024. Users are advised to read the update document in the Docs section for full details on all changes from the previous release.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Kennedy, J. J. and Berry, D. I., 2020: Development of\r\nthe HadISDH marine humidity climate monitoring dataset. Earth System Sciences Data,\r\n12, 2853-2880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2853-2020\r\n\r\nFreeman, E., Woodruff, S. D., Worley, S. J., Lubker, S. J., Kent, E. C., Angel, W. E.,\r\nBerry, D. I., Brohan, P., Eastman, R., Gates, L., Gloeden, W., Ji, Z., Lawrimore, J.,\r\nRayner, N. A., Rosenhagen, G. and Smith, S. R., ICOADS Release 3.0: A major update to\r\nthe historical marine climate record. International Journal of Climatology.\r\ndoi:10.1002/joc.4775." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 41769, "uuid": "2fdc37a517b54376ba19d5c7432457d5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.marine: gridded global monthly ocean surface humidity data version 1.6.0.2023f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.marine 1.6.0.2023f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.marine is a near-global gridded monthly mean marine surface humidity climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ observations of air temperature and dew point temperature from ships. The observations have been quality controlled and bias-adjusted. Uncertainty estimates for observation issues and gridbox sampling are provided (see data quality statement section below). The data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre and this version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2023.\r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for temperature and six humidity variables: specific humidity (q), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature (Td), wet bulb temperature (Tw), vapour pressure (e), dew point depression (DPD).\r\n\r\nThis version extends the previous version to the end of 2023. Users are advised to read the update document in the Docs section for full details on all changes from the previous release.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Kennedy, J. J. and Berry, D. I., 2020: Development of\r\nthe HadISDH marine humidity climate monitoring dataset. Earth System Sciences Data,\r\n12, 2853-2880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2853-2020\r\n\r\nFreeman, E., Woodruff, S. D., Worley, S. J., Lubker, S. J., Kent, E. C., Angel, W. E.,\r\nBerry, D. I., Brohan, P., Eastman, R., Gates, L., Gloeden, W., Ji, Z., Lawrimore, J.,\r\nRayner, N. A., Rosenhagen, G. and Smith, S. R., ICOADS Release 3.0: A major update to\r\nthe historical marine climate record. International Journal of Climatology.\r\ndoi:10.1002/joc.4775." } }, { "ob_id": 1104, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44293, "uuid": "e0ca70c643264ea0a68d04008499b87d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.land: gridded global monthly land surface humidity data version 4.6.1.2024f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.land 4.6.1.2024f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.land is a near-global gridded monthly mean land surface humidity climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ observations of air temperature and dew point temperature from weather stations. The observations have been quality controlled and homogenised. Uncertainty estimates for observation issues and gridbox sampling are provided (see data quality statement section below). The data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre and this version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2024. \r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for temperature and six humidity variables: specific humidity (q), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature (Td), wet bulb temperature (Tw), vapour pressure (e), dew point depression (DPD).\r\n\r\nThis version extends the previous version to the end of 2024. Users are advised to read the update document in the Docs section for full details on all changes from the previous release.\r\n\r\nAs in previous years, the annual scrape of NOAAs Integrated Surface Dataset for HadISD.3.4.1.2024f, which is the basis of HadISDH.land, has pulled through some historical changes to stations. This, and the additional year of data, results in small changes to station selection. The homogeneity adjustments differ slightly due to sensitivity to the addition and loss of stations, historical changes to stations previously included and the additional 12 months of data.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de Podesta, M., Parker, D. E.,\r\nJones, P. D., and Williams Jr., C. N.: HadISDH land surface multi-variable humidity and\r\ntemperature record for climate monitoring, Clim. Past, 10, 1983-2006,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-10-1983-2014, 2014.\r\n\r\nDunn, R. J. H., et al. 2016: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station\r\ndata from 1931, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5, 473-491.\r\n\r\nSmith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent\r\nDevelopments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92,\r\n704-708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1\r\n\r\nWe strongly recommend that you read these papers before making use of the data, more\r\ndetail on the dataset can be found in an earlier publication:\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Williams Jr., C. N., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de\r\nPodesta, M., Jones, P. D., and Parker D. E., 2013: HadISDH: An updated land surface\r\nspecific humidity product for climate monitoring. Climate of the Past, 9, 657-677,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-9-657-2013." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 41768, "uuid": "c844fc58615a422aa2e7d2fc8bd8cccf", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.land: gridded global monthly land surface humidity data version 4.6.0.2023f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.land 4.6.0.2023f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.land is a near-global gridded monthly mean land surface humidity climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ observations of air temperature and dew point temperature from weather stations. The observations have been quality controlled and homogenised. Uncertainty estimates for observation issues and gridbox sampling are provided (see data quality statement section below). The data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre and this version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2023. \r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for temperature and six humidity variables: specific humidity (q), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature (Td), wet bulb temperature (Tw), vapour pressure (e), dew point depression (DPD).\r\n\r\nThis version extends the previous version to the end of 2023. Users are advised to read the update document in the Docs section for full details on all changes from the previous release.\r\n\r\nAs in previous years, the annual scrape of NOAAs Integrated Surface Dataset for HadISD.3.4.0.2023f, which is the basis of HadISDH.land, has pulled through some historical changes to stations. This, and the additional year of data, results in small changes to station selection. The homogeneity adjustments differ slightly due to sensitivity to the addition and loss of stations, historical changes to stations previously included and the additional 12 months of data.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de Podesta, M., Parker, D. E.,\r\nJones, P. D., and Williams Jr., C. N.: HadISDH land surface multi-variable humidity and\r\ntemperature record for climate monitoring, Clim. Past, 10, 1983-2006,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-10-1983-2014, 2014.\r\n\r\nDunn, R. J. H., et al. 2016: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station\r\ndata from 1931, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5, 473-491.\r\n\r\nSmith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent\r\nDevelopments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92,\r\n704-708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1\r\n\r\nWe strongly recommend that you read these papers before making use of the data, more\r\ndetail on the dataset can be found in an earlier publication:\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Williams Jr., C. N., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de\r\nPodesta, M., Jones, P. D., and Parker D. E., 2013: HadISDH: An updated land surface\r\nspecific humidity product for climate monitoring. Climate of the Past, 9, 657-677,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-9-657-2013." } }, { "ob_id": 1105, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44295, "uuid": "d3c7c95a586649d78bd20b4ae8eb3caf", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.blend: gridded global monthly land and ocean surface humidity data version 1.5.1.2024f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.blend 1.5.1.2024f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.blend is a near-global gridded monthly mean surface humidity climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ observations of air temperature and dew point temperature from ships and weather stations. The observations have been quality controlled and homogenised / bias adjusted. Uncertainty estimates for observation issues and gridbox sampling are provided (see data quality statement section below). These data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre. This version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2024.\r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for temperature and six humidity variables: specific humidity (q), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature (Td), wet bulb temperature (Tw), vapour pressure (e), dew point depression (DPD).\r\n\r\nThis version extends the previous version to the end of 2024. It combines the latest version of HadISDH.land and HadISDH.marine and therefore their respective update notes. Users are advised to read the update documents in the Docs section for full details.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Kennedy, J. J. and Berry, D. I., 2020: Development of\r\nthe HadISDH marine humidity climate monitoring dataset. Earth System Sciences Data,\r\n12, 2853-2880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2853-2020\r\n\r\nFreeman, E., Woodruff, S. D., Worley, S. J., Lubker, S. J., Kent, E. C., Angel, W. E.,\r\nBerry, D. I., Brohan, P., Eastman, R., Gates, L., Gloeden, W., Ji, Z., Lawrimore, J.,\r\nRayner, N. A., Rosenhagen, G. and Smith, S. R., ICOADS Release 3.0: A major update to\r\nthe historical marine climate record. International Journal of Climatology.\r\ndoi:10.1002/joc.4775.\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de Podesta, M., Parker, D. E.,\r\nJones, P. D., and Williams Jr., C. N.: HadISDH land surface multi-variable humidity and\r\ntemperature record for climate monitoring, Clim. Past, 10, 1983-2006,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-10-1983-2014, 2014.\r\n\r\nDunn, R. J. H., et al. 2016: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station\r\ndata from 1931, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5, 473-491.\r\n\r\nSmith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent\r\nDevelopments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92,\r\n704-708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1\r\n\r\nWe strongly recommend that you read these papers before making use of the data, more\r\ndetail on the dataset can be found in an earlier publication:\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Williams Jr., C. N., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de\r\nPodesta, M., Jones, P. D., and Parker D. E., 2013: HadISDH: An updated land surface\r\nspecific humidity product for climate monitoring. Climate of the Past, 9, 657-677,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-9-657-2013." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 41766, "uuid": "1de7b50d827b4b4f966bd4e3ec5516ea", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.blend: gridded global monthly land and ocean surface humidity data version 1.5.0.2023f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.blend 1.5.0.2023f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.blend is a near-global gridded monthly mean surface humidity climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ observations of air temperature and dew point temperature from ships and weather stations. The observations have been quality controlled and homogenised / bias adjusted. Uncertainty estimates for observation issues and gridbox sampling are provided (see data quality statement section below). These data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre. This version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2023.\r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for temperature and six humidity variables: specific humidity (q), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature (Td), wet bulb temperature (Tw), vapour pressure (e), dew point depression (DPD).\r\n\r\nThis version extends the previous version to the end of 2023. It combines the latest version of HadISDH.land and HadISDH.marine and therefore their respective update notes. Users are advised to read the update documents in the Docs section for full details.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Kennedy, J. J. and Berry, D. I., 2020: Development of\r\nthe HadISDH marine humidity climate monitoring dataset. Earth System Sciences Data,\r\n12, 2853-2880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2853-2020\r\n\r\nFreeman, E., Woodruff, S. D., Worley, S. J., Lubker, S. J., Kent, E. C., Angel, W. E.,\r\nBerry, D. I., Brohan, P., Eastman, R., Gates, L., Gloeden, W., Ji, Z., Lawrimore, J.,\r\nRayner, N. A., Rosenhagen, G. and Smith, S. R., ICOADS Release 3.0: A major update to\r\nthe historical marine climate record. International Journal of Climatology.\r\ndoi:10.1002/joc.4775.\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de Podesta, M., Parker, D. E.,\r\nJones, P. D., and Williams Jr., C. N.: HadISDH land surface multi-variable humidity and\r\ntemperature record for climate monitoring, Clim. Past, 10, 1983-2006,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-10-1983-2014, 2014.\r\n\r\nDunn, R. J. H., et al. 2016: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station\r\ndata from 1931, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5, 473-491.\r\n\r\nSmith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent\r\nDevelopments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92,\r\n704-708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1\r\n\r\nWe strongly recommend that you read these papers before making use of the data, more\r\ndetail on the dataset can be found in an earlier publication:\r\n\r\nWillett, K. M., Williams Jr., C. N., Dunn, R. J. H., Thorne, P. W., Bell, S., de\r\nPodesta, M., Jones, P. D., and Parker D. E., 2013: HadISDH: An updated land surface\r\nspecific humidity product for climate monitoring. Climate of the Past, 9, 657-677,\r\ndoi:10.5194/cp-9-657-2013." } }, { "ob_id": 1106, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44294, "uuid": "b3f6a88ffe24443494f92e5977965a1c", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.extremes: gridded global monthly land surface wet bulb and dry bulb temperature extremes index data version 1.2.0.2024f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.extremes 1.2.0.2024f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.extremes is a near-global gridded monthly land surface extremes index climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ sub-daily observations of wet bulb (converted from dew point temperature) and dry bulb temperature from weather stations. The observations have been quality controlled at the hourly level with strict temporal completeness thresholds applied at daily, monthly, annual, climatological and whole period scales to minimise biases. Gridbox months are assessed for inhomogeneity and scores provided (see Homogeneity Score Document in Docs). The data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre and this version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2024.\r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for 27 different heat extremes indices based on the ET-SCI (Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate Indices) framework. These indices capture a range of moderate to severe extremes. They utilise the daily maximum and minimum values of sub-daily dry bulb and wet bulb temperature observations. Note that these will most likely underestimate the true extremes even when hourly data are available. The data are designed for assessing large scale features over long time scales, ideally using the anomaly fields as these are less affected by sampling biases. Users are advised to cross-compare with national datasets other supporting evidence when assessing small scale localised features.\r\n\r\nThis version is the first with annual updates envisaged. An update record will be maintained in the Docs section.\r\n\r\nHadISD.3.4.1.2024f is the basis of HadISDH.extremes.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K, 2023: HadISDH.extremes Part 1: a gridded wet bulb temperature extremes index product for climate monitoring. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 40, 1952–1967, doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2347-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-023-2347-8\r\n\r\nWillett, K. 2023: HadISDH.extremes Part 2: exploring humid heat extremes using wet bulb temperature indices. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 40, 1968–1985, doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2348-7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-023-2348-7\r\n\r\n\r\nDunn, R. J. H., et al. 2016: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station\r\ndata from 1931, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5, 473-491.\r\nSmith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent\r\nDevelopments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92,\r\n704-708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 41767, "uuid": "0a36ca390a5844578905780ed4c78ded", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadISDH.extremes: gridded global monthly land surface wet bulb and dry bulb temperature extremes index data version 1.1.0.2023f", "abstract": "This is the HadISDH.extremes 1.1.0.2023f version of the Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Dataset of Humidity (HadISDH). HadISDH.extremes is a near-global gridded monthly land surface extremes index climate monitoring product. It is created from in situ sub-daily observations of wet bulb (converted from dew point temperature) and dry bulb temperature from weather stations. The observations have been quality controlled at the hourly level with strict temporal completeness thresholds applied at daily, monthly, annual, climatological and whole period scales to minimise biases. Gridbox months are assessed for inhomogeneity and scores provided (see Homogeneity Score Document in Docs). The data are provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre and this version spans 1/1/1973 to 31/12/2023.\r\n\r\nThe data are monthly gridded (5 degree by 5 degree) fields. Products are available for 27 different heat extremes indices based on the ET-SCI (Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate Indices) framework. These indices capture a range of moderate to severe extremes. They utilise the daily maximum and minimum values of sub-daily dry bulb and wet bulb temperature observations. Note that these will most likely underestimate the true extremes even when hourly data are available. The data are designed for assessing large scale features over long time scales, ideally using the anomaly fields as these are less affected by sampling biases. Users are advised to cross-compare with national datasets other supporting evidence when assessing small scale localised features.\r\n\r\nThis version is the first with annual updates envisaged. An update record will be maintained in the Docs section.\r\n\r\nHadISD.3.4.0.2023f is the basis of HadISDH.extremes.\r\n\r\nTo keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS.\r\n\r\nFor more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISDH blog: http://hadisdh.blogspot.co.uk/\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\nWhen using the dataset in a paper please cite the following papers (see Docs for link\r\nto the publications) and this dataset (using the \"citable as\" reference):\r\n\r\nWillett, K, 2023: HadISDH.extremes Part 1: a gridded wet bulb temperature extremes index product for climate monitoring. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 40, 1952–1967, doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2347-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-023-2347-8\r\n\r\nWillett, K. 2023: HadISDH.extremes Part 2: exploring humid heat extremes using wet bulb temperature indices. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 40, 1968–1985, doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2348-7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-023-2348-7\r\n\r\n\r\nDunn, R. J. H., et al. 2016: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station\r\ndata from 1931, Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 5, 473-491.\r\nSmith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent\r\nDevelopments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92,\r\n704-708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1" } }, { "ob_id": 1107, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44301, "uuid": "6c22eae41b52429eb23f00272c3e1baf", "short_code": "ob", "title": "WOEST: RHI and PPI scan measurements from the NCAS S-Band CAMRa Weather Radar unit 1 deployed at the NCAS Chilbolton Atmospheric Observatory (CAO) Level 1, v1.0.1 (20230602-20230825)", "abstract": "RHI (range-height indicator) and PPI (plan-position indicator) measurements from the NCAS S-Band CAMRa Weather Radar unit 1 deployed at the NCAS Chilbolton Atmospheric Observatory (CAO). These observations were taken as part of the WesCon - Observing the Evolving Structures of Turbulence (WOEST) project between 20230602 and 20230825.\r\nThis dataset contains level 1 processed data products version v1.0.1\r\n\r\nData products from this deployment include: rhi, ppi\r\nThis version v1.0.1 supersedes the previous version v1.0.0 and includes some additional observations that were not present previously.\r\n\r\nFor further details of this deployment and the associated dataset please see the internal file metadata.\r\n\r\nThese data conform to the NCAS data standards and are available under the UK Government Open Licence agreement. Acknowledgement of NCAS as the data provider is required whenever and wherever these data are used." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44109, "uuid": "09a4b09c9fff46ca9cd438302302adee", "short_code": "ob", "title": "WOEST: RHI and PPI scan measurements from the NCAS S-Band CAMRa Weather Radar unit 1 deployed at the NCAS Chilbolton Atmospheric Observatory (CAO) Level 1, v1.0.0 (20230609-20230825)", "abstract": "RHI (range-height indicator) and PPI (plan-position indicator) measurements from the NCAS S-Band CAMRa Weather Radar unit 1 deployed at the NCAS Chilbolton Atmospheric Observatory (CAO). These observations were taken as part of the WesCon - Observing the Evolving Structures of Turbulence (WOEST) project between 20230609 and 20230825.\r\nThis dataset contains level 1 processed data products.\r\n\r\nData products from this deployment include: rhi, ppi\r\n\r\nFor further details of this deployment and the associated dataset please see the internal file metadata.\r\n\r\nThese data conform to the NCAS data standards and are available under the UK Government Open Licence agreement. Acknowledgement of NCAS as the data provider is required whenever and wherever these data are used." } }, { "ob_id": 1108, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44209, "uuid": "8793782a2bd44122b901501dfc883cf6", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK countries, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK countries consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\n Changes to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42327, "uuid": "a508838f92c74005a26b9277eae59a7c", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK countries, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK countries consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\n * Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for monthly sunshine 1910-1918\r\n\r\n * Added Rainfall Rescue version 2 doi:10.5281/zenodo.7554242\r\n\r\n * Updated shapefiles used for production of area average statistics https://github.com/ukcp-data/ukcp-spatial-files\r\n\r\n * Updated controlled vocabulary for metadata assignment https://github.com/ukcp-data/UKCP18_CVs\r\n\r\n * Updated assignment of timepoint for some periods so that the datetime is the middle of the period (e.g. season) rather than a fixed offset from the period start.\r\n\r\n * Updated ordering of regions within regional values files. Alphabetical ordering.\r\n\r\n * Files use netcdf level 4 compression using gzip https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/blogs/developer/entry/netcdf_compression\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data used to generate this dataset:\r\n\r\n- Total of 125601744 observations\r\n\r\n- 122621050 (97.6%) unchanged\r\n\r\n- 26700 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n\r\n- 2953994 (2.35%) added in this version\r\n\r\n- 16315 (0.01%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\n* Changes to monthly rainfall 1836-1960\r\n\r\n- Total of 4823973 observations\r\n\r\n- 3315657 (68.7%) unchanged\r\n\r\n- 21029 (0.4%) modified for this version\r\n\r\n- 1487287 (30.8%) added in this version\r\n\r\n- 11155 (0.2%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1109, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44208, "uuid": "c014df7ace2f4da4a808437ac6e73a16", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK river basins, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK river basins consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42326, "uuid": "b1282951f38947da93c0b0db31bb8419", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK river basins, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK river basins consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1110, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42324, "uuid": "b963ead70580451aa7455782224479d5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1111, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44206, "uuid": "3302df4f8d174999bfbc5d0b86d93dce", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 12km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 12 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation). \r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42325, "uuid": "5a248096468640a6bfb0dfda8b018ac5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 12km grid over the UK, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 12 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation). \r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1112, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44205, "uuid": "45d40c035f9a48b997821b6b92194b75", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 25km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 25 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42323, "uuid": "18ddbb686be549bfadfecbe0c673f405", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 25km grid over the UK, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 25 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1113, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44204, "uuid": "3b010220fe184e209462a01efd00d207", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 60km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 60 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42321, "uuid": "c22d0b462321447882d2d1367cc77d3c", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 60km grid over the UK, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 60 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1114, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44203, "uuid": "a6488cbe43ec470db2ff5bad64f84cb6", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 5km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 5 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42322, "uuid": "5ba67d62cdc249a3bc5b1c38b339beb3", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 5km grid over the UK, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 5 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1115, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44210, "uuid": "896792be61a241a88bb668b5adfdb353", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by Administrative Regions over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK administrative regions consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023 but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42328, "uuid": "8a51496be92b4e9488954c7c0199f3f9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by Administrative Regions over the UK, v1.3.0.ceda (1836-2023)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK administrative regions consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023 but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.0.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\n* Added data for calendar year 2023\r\n \r\n* Added newly digitised data for daily rainfall (62 Scottish stations for 1945-1960)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Bolton, 1916-1919 have been corrected (previous values were corrupted and needed redigitising)\r\n \r\n* Daily rainfall data for Buxton, 1960 have been corrected (conversion from inches to mm had been applied incorrectly)\r\n \r\n* Rainfall data from EA and SEPA APIs are included for the last three months of the dataset (Oct-Dec 2023) (for all earlier months the rainfall data from partner agencies is obtained from the Met Office's MIDAS database)\r\n \r\n* The number of stations used for groundfrost, sunshine and windspeed have reduced at different points in the historical series when comparing v1.3.0.ceda to the previous version v1.2.0.ceda. These reductions in station numbers have been caused by changes made in the data processing steps upstream of the gridding process.\r\n \r\n* For groundfrost this reduction has been caused by an automated quality control process flagging the historical data which have been removed as suspect (mostly affecting data from 1961 to 1970).\r\n \r\n* For sunshine the small reduction in the 1960s has been caused by the removal of digitized monthly sunshine data through this period where we wish to reverify the data source.\r\n \r\n* For windspeed the reduction from 1969 to 2010 has been caused by changes to rules applied relating to data completeness when compiling daily mean windspeeds, which in turn have followed through to monthly statistics.\r\n \r\n* We plan to carry out a review of the data which have been excluded from this version. Some of it may be reintroduced in a future release.\r\n \r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n \r\n- Total of 126970983 observations\r\n- 125384735 (98.75%) unchanged\r\n- 28487 (0.02%) modified for this version\r\n- 1557761 (1.23%) added in this version\r\n- 188522 (0.15%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1116, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44203, "uuid": "a6488cbe43ec470db2ff5bad64f84cb6", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 5km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 5 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1117, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44204, "uuid": "3b010220fe184e209462a01efd00d207", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 60km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 60 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1118, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44205, "uuid": "45d40c035f9a48b997821b6b92194b75", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 25km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 25 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1119, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44206, "uuid": "3302df4f8d174999bfbc5d0b86d93dce", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 12km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The dataset at 12 km resolution is derived from the associated 1 km x 1 km resolution to allow for comparison to data from climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation). \r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1120, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44208, "uuid": "c014df7ace2f4da4a808437ac6e73a16", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK river basins, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK river basins consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1121, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44209, "uuid": "8793782a2bd44122b901501dfc883cf6", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by UK countries, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK countries consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\n Changes to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1122, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44210, "uuid": "896792be61a241a88bb668b5adfdb353", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Climate Observations by Administrative Regions over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. These data at 1 km resolution have been averaged across a set of discrete geographies defining UK administrative regions consistent with data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2023 but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution.\r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n\r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1123, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 33339, "uuid": "51725f90c60a45e69f07a748a25b9729", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v1", "abstract": "Sentinel-Hub NDVI description: \r\nNDVI is a simple, but effective index for quantifying green vegetation. It normalizes green leaf scattering in Near Infra-red wavelengths with chlorophyll absorption in red wavelengths.\r\n\r\nThe value range of the NDVI is -1 to 1. Negative values of NDVI (values approaching -1) correspond to water. Values close to zero (-0.1 to 0.1) generally correspond to barren areas of rock, sand, or snow. Low, positive values represent shrub and grassland (approximately 0.2 to 0.4), while high values indicate temperate and tropical rainforests (values approaching 1). It is a good proxy for live green vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – Red) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI = (B8 - B4) / (B8 + B4)\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of a Defra Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) project to produce a regional, and ultimately national, system for detecting a change in habitat conditions at a land parcel level. The first stage of the project is focused on Yorkshire, UK, and therefore the dataset includes granules and scenes covering Yorkshire and surrounding areas only. The dataset contains Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data. \r\n\r\nNDVI files are generated for the following Sentinel-2 granules:\r\n•\tT30UWE\r\n•\tT30UXF\r\n•\tT30UWF\r\n•\tT30UXE\r\n•\tT31UCV \r\n•\tT30UYE\r\n•\tT31UCA\r\n\r\nAs the project continues, JNCC will expand the geographical coverage of this dataset and will provide continuous updates as ARD becomes available.\r\n\r\nVersion 1 contains masked index files (using the Defra and JNCC ARD cloud and topographic shadow masks)." } }, { "ob_id": 1124, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30199, "uuid": "bf9568b558204b81803eeebcc7f529ef", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data (ARD)", "abstract": "These data have been created by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in order to cost-effectively provide high quality, Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for a wide range of applications. The dataset contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 (Level 1C data processed into a surface reflectance product (Level 2)). Defra and JNCC data were processed on separate platforms using a common specification to produce complementary outputs up to and including the acquisition date 23/06/2023. Data acquired after that date were processed on a single platform to the same specification.\r\n\r\nThe majority of data captured between July 2015 and August 2017 was processed by Aberystwyth University for Defra and later updated by JNCC to the same specification as the rest of this dataset. Please see the image-level metadata for details of data lineage and processing.\r\n\r\nThe Sentinel-2 ARD filename format was changed in April 2023. Filenames of data acquired on or after 01/04/2023 include the timestamp of data generation and display image latitude and longitude to a consistent number of significant figures preceded by ‘n’ (North) and ‘e/w’ (East / West). Filenames of data acquired before this date do not include the data generation timestamp and display latitude and longitude to varying significant figures not preceded by ‘n’ and ‘e/w’." } }, { "ob_id": 1125, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44322, "uuid": "fe998c05ca854715b48bac53dc0e9998", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44262, "uuid": "4b541f71524244c5a19f7d8321b5563d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1126, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44321, "uuid": "2c9baaf3b032435980cdbd1b23038aa1", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44261, "uuid": "aad24c247c1b4c6e97686b1f3ea372af", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1127, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44320, "uuid": "35fb8318798e437ba5b108e5eca6e92d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Monthly Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values.\r\n \r\nFor mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44260, "uuid": "0f81ad59f9e94cc4b038dd483ac29797", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Monthly Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) monthly series start in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe monthly temperature series are derived as the mean of the daily temperature series values.\r\n \r\nFor mean temperature, the monthly values from 1659 to 1771 are derived directly from Gordon Manley's monthly mean values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1128, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44323, "uuid": "ca43505702fa4eeeba4b65f1ce2c1e6a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Seasonal Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44259, "uuid": "71dfc9ee866c400b930a9f35e12eb8ee", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Seasonal Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.0.1.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) seasonal series starts in 1659 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nThe seasonal temperature series are derived as the mean of the monthly temperature series values.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html)" } }, { "ob_id": 1129, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 33382, "uuid": "6df6b803c2784b8ab9e03834bf9a4337", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v1", "abstract": "Sentinel Hub NBR description: To detect burned areas, the NBR-RAW index is the most appropriate choice. Using bands 8 and 12 it highlights burnt areas in large fire zones greater than 500 acres. To observe burn severity, you may subtract the post-fire NBR image from the pre-fire NBR image. Darker pixels indicate burned areas.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR) \r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR = (B08 - B12) / (B08 + B12)\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of a Defra Natural Capital & Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) project to produce a regional, and ultimately national, system for detecting a change in habitat condition at a land parcel level. The first stage of the project is focused on Yorkshire, UK, and therefore the dataset includes granules and scenes covering Yorkshire and surrounding areas only. The dataset contains the following indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data.\r\n\r\nNDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR, and EVI files are generated for the following Sentinel-2 granules:\r\n•\tT30UWE\r\n•\tT30UXF\r\n•\tT30UWF\r\n•\tT30UXE\r\n•\tT31UCV \r\n•\tT30UYE\r\n•\tT31UCA\r\n\r\nAs the project continues, JNCC will expand the geographical coverage of this dataset and will provide continuous updates as ARD becomes available." } }, { "ob_id": 1130, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30199, "uuid": "bf9568b558204b81803eeebcc7f529ef", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data (ARD)", "abstract": "These data have been created by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in order to cost-effectively provide high quality, Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for a wide range of applications. The dataset contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 (Level 1C data processed into a surface reflectance product (Level 2)). Defra and JNCC data were processed on separate platforms using a common specification to produce complementary outputs up to and including the acquisition date 23/06/2023. Data acquired after that date were processed on a single platform to the same specification.\r\n\r\nThe majority of data captured between July 2015 and August 2017 was processed by Aberystwyth University for Defra and later updated by JNCC to the same specification as the rest of this dataset. Please see the image-level metadata for details of data lineage and processing.\r\n\r\nThe Sentinel-2 ARD filename format was changed in April 2023. Filenames of data acquired on or after 01/04/2023 include the timestamp of data generation and display image latitude and longitude to a consistent number of significant figures preceded by ‘n’ (North) and ‘e/w’ (East / West). Filenames of data acquired before this date do not include the data generation timestamp and display latitude and longitude to varying significant figures not preceded by ‘n’ and ‘e/w’." } }, { "ob_id": 1131, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 33374, "uuid": "46f5d503ce284114b5925709258bacc5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v1", "abstract": "Sentinel-Hub NDMI description: \r\n\r\nThe NDMI is a normalized difference moisture index, that uses NIR and SWIR bands to display moisture. The SWIR band reflects changes in both the vegetation water content and the spongy mesophyll structure in vegetation canopies, while the NIR reflectance is affected by leaf internal structure and leaf dry matter content but not by water content. The combination of the NIR with the SWIR removes variations induced by leaf internal structure and leaf dry matter content, improving the accuracy in retrieving the vegetation water content. The amount of water available in the internal leaf structure largely controls the spectral reflectance in the SWIR interval of the electromagnetic spectrum. SWIR reflectance is therefore negatively related to leaf water content. In short, NDMI is used to monitor changes in the water content of leaves and was proposed by Gao. NDWI is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and the short wave infrared (SWIR) reflectances:\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR) \r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI = (B08 - B11) / (B08 + B11)\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of a Defra Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) project to produce a regional, and ultimately national, system for detecting a change in habitat conditions at a land parcel level. The first stage of the project is focused on Yorkshire, UK, and therefore the dataset includes granules and scenes covering Yorkshire and surrounding areas only. The dataset contains Normalised Difference Moisture Index data derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data.\r\n\r\nNDMI files are generated for the following Sentinel-2 granules:\r\n•\tT30UWE\r\n•\tT30UXF\r\n•\tT30UWF\r\n•\tT30UXE\r\n•\tT31UCV \r\n•\tT30UYE\r\n•\tT31UCA\r\n\r\nAs the project continues, JNCC will expand the geographical coverage of this dataset and will provide continuous updates as ARD becomes available." } }, { "ob_id": 1132, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30199, "uuid": "bf9568b558204b81803eeebcc7f529ef", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data (ARD)", "abstract": "These data have been created by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in order to cost-effectively provide high quality, Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for a wide range of applications. The dataset contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 (Level 1C data processed into a surface reflectance product (Level 2)). Defra and JNCC data were processed on separate platforms using a common specification to produce complementary outputs up to and including the acquisition date 23/06/2023. Data acquired after that date were processed on a single platform to the same specification.\r\n\r\nThe majority of data captured between July 2015 and August 2017 was processed by Aberystwyth University for Defra and later updated by JNCC to the same specification as the rest of this dataset. Please see the image-level metadata for details of data lineage and processing.\r\n\r\nThe Sentinel-2 ARD filename format was changed in April 2023. Filenames of data acquired on or after 01/04/2023 include the timestamp of data generation and display image latitude and longitude to a consistent number of significant figures preceded by ‘n’ (North) and ‘e/w’ (East / West). Filenames of data acquired before this date do not include the data generation timestamp and display latitude and longitude to varying significant figures not preceded by ‘n’ and ‘e/w’." } }, { "ob_id": 1133, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 33376, "uuid": "b42f524bc9cd4dd6850b2399b616f5c4", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v1", "abstract": "Sentinel-Hub NDWI description: The NDWI is used to monitor changes related to water content in water bodies. As water bodies strongly absorb light in visible to the infrared electromagnetic spectrum, NDWI uses green and near-infrared bands to highlight water bodies. It is sensitive to built-up land and can result in the over-estimation of water bodies. \r\nIndex values greater than 0.5 usually correspond to water bodies. Vegetation usually corresponds to much smaller values and built-up areas to values between zero and 0.2.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI = (B03 - B08) / (B03 + B08)\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of a Defra Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) project to produce a regional, and ultimately national, system for detecting a change in habitat conditions at a land parcel level. The first stage of the project is focused on Yorkshire, UK, and therefore the dataset includes granules and scenes covering Yorkshire and surrounding areas only. The dataset contains Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) data derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data.\r\n\r\nNDWI files are generated for the following Sentinel-2 granules:\r\n•\tT30UWE\r\n•\tT30UXF\r\n•\tT30UWF\r\n•\tT30UXE\r\n•\tT31UCV \r\n•\tT30UYE\r\n•\tT31UCA\r\n\r\nAs the project continues, JNCC will expand the geographical coverage of this dataset and will provide continuous updates as ARD becomes available." } }, { "ob_id": 1134, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30199, "uuid": "bf9568b558204b81803eeebcc7f529ef", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data (ARD)", "abstract": "These data have been created by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in order to cost-effectively provide high quality, Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for a wide range of applications. The dataset contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 (Level 1C data processed into a surface reflectance product (Level 2)). Defra and JNCC data were processed on separate platforms using a common specification to produce complementary outputs up to and including the acquisition date 23/06/2023. Data acquired after that date were processed on a single platform to the same specification.\r\n\r\nThe majority of data captured between July 2015 and August 2017 was processed by Aberystwyth University for Defra and later updated by JNCC to the same specification as the rest of this dataset. Please see the image-level metadata for details of data lineage and processing.\r\n\r\nThe Sentinel-2 ARD filename format was changed in April 2023. Filenames of data acquired on or after 01/04/2023 include the timestamp of data generation and display image latitude and longitude to a consistent number of significant figures preceded by ‘n’ (North) and ‘e/w’ (East / West). Filenames of data acquired before this date do not include the data generation timestamp and display latitude and longitude to varying significant figures not preceded by ‘n’ and ‘e/w’." } }, { "ob_id": 1135, "relationType": "IsSupplementTo", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44321, "uuid": "2c9baaf3b032435980cdbd1b23038aa1", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44322, "uuid": "fe998c05ca854715b48bac53dc0e9998", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." } }, { "ob_id": 1136, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44322, "uuid": "fe998c05ca854715b48bac53dc0e9998", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Daily Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily series start in 1772 for mean temperature and 1878 for minimum and maximum temperature.\r\n \r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nPrior to 1973, the daily mean temperature series is anchored to the mean temperature series constructed by Gordon Manley, with the daily minimum and maximum temperature series adjusted to the mean temperature series to ensure values are consistent.\r\n \r\nAlthough the station selection has changed through time, the series is homogenised and adjusted to ensure consistency with Manley's selection and for periods when only a single station value was used.\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n \r\nFor more information on the change in station selection, please refer to the papers supplied with the data collection.\r\n \r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44321, "uuid": "2c9baaf3b032435980cdbd1b23038aa1", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Mean, Minimum and Maximum Central England Temperature (HadCET) series post 1973 static adjustments, v2.1.0.0", "abstract": "The Central England Temperature (HadCET) daily mean series is anchored to Gordon Manley’s original temperature record prior to 1973. Between 1848 and 1878, adjustments are applied to account for periods when only a single station was in use.\r\n\r\nThese historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).\r\n \r\nFrom 1973 onwards, multiple adjustments ensure continuity with Manley’s series, homogenise the current station selection with Manley’s original dataset, and correct for the effects of increasing urbanisation.\r\n \r\nThese static adjustments are calculated on a monthly basis and are applied uniformly to all daily values within each month from 1973 to the present. \r\n \r\nUrbanisation adjustments remain static from November 2004 onward, while adjustments between 1974 and October 2004 are graded to reflect a progressive increase in urbanisation effects over time.\r\n \r\nThis dataset contains the post-Manley extended adjustments, station homogenisation adjustments, and static urban corrections.\r\n\r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series between 1772 and 1852 include: Kennington, Crane Court, Lyndon Hall, Syon House, Somerset House, Greenwich Observatory, Chiswick\r\n \r\nStations used in the construction of the CET daily series from 1853 onwards include: Radcliffe (Oxford), Cambridge (legacy), Ross-on-Wye, Rothamsted, Malvern, Stonyhurst, Ringway, Squires Gate, Pershore College\r\n \r\nThe current station selection used is Rothamsted, Stonyhurst and Pershore College.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.\r\n\r\nLatest provisional release data are available via the Hadley Centre Observations website (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html).\r\n\r\nThe version controlled CET series is updated annually (February-March), with the previous complete year’s values refreshed to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have been completed and ensure the most accurate station temperature values are used. Each version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year and an incremental version number will be updated.\r\n\r\nThe CET datasets employ the following version control protocol: \r\n\r\nVersion Vx.y.z.a:\r\n• x – major changes – e.g. change in scientific methodology\r\n• y – minor changes – e.g. small bug fixes or updates to diagnostics pages\r\n• z – incremental changes\r\n• a – reserved for use internally\r\n\r\nThe standard annual release cycle of CET will constitute an incremental release (z). However, if more substantial\r\nchanges have been made to the codebase, scientific methodology or source data values, then this may warrant a minor (y) or major (x) version release. (Note, these are applied to a cohort of datasets together - i.e. apply to the seasonal, monthly, daily and adjustment datasets as a coordinated version release).\r\n\r\nThis new version of the datasets supersedes the previous version." } }, { "ob_id": 1137, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44353, "uuid": "51ae627da5fb41b8a767ee6c653f83e6", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Methane doubly substituted (clumped) isotopologues database", "abstract": "The database was made as a part of POLYGRAM project (NE/V007149/1). The database aims to summarise the state of double substituted methane isotopologues (know also as clumped isotopologues, Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2) measurement research, with an emphasis on compiling results of all relevant work and aid development of the inputs to atmospheric modelling studies. The complied database comprises 1475 data records from 75 peer-reviewed articles. Database includes both field samples and laboratory experiments from numerous laboratories worldwide.\r\n\r\nThis database is made freely available to the scientific community. The database has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). We rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to assure that the authors receive fair credit for their work. Users must include the citation of individual publication and following database citation in any publication or presentation using the product." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43308, "uuid": "f90fc5b05bb4450f87e89b5f86038346", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Methane Clumped Isotopologues Database for POLYGRAM", "abstract": "The database was made as a part of POLYGRAM project (NE/V007149/1). The database aims to summarise the state of double substituted methane isotopologues (know also as clumped isotopologues, Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2) measurement research, with an emphasis on compiling results of all relevant work and aid development of the inputs to atmospheric modelling studies. The compiled database comprises 1241 data records from 63 peer-reviewed articles. Database includes both field samples and laboratory experiments from numerous laboratories worldwide.\r\n\r\nThis database is made freely available to the scientific community. The database has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). We rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to assure that the authors receive fair credit for their work. Users must include the citation of individual publication and following database citation in any publication or presentation using the product." } }, { "ob_id": 1138, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44374, "uuid": "df467c5bd78642e8b0643fc40dd8f7f5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "NCAS Long Term Observations: mean winds from the NCAS Sonic Anemometer unit 6 deployed at the NCAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory, v1.1", "abstract": "Mean wind measurements from the NCAS Sonic Anemometer unit 6 deployed at the NCAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. These observations were taken as part of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) long term observations.\r\n\r\nData products from this deployment include: mean-winds\r\n\r\nFor further details of this deployment and the associated dataset please see the internal file metadata.\r\n\r\nThese data conform to the NCAS data standards and are available under the UK Government Open Licence agreement. Acknowledgement of NCAS as the data provider is required whenever and wherever these data are used." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44371, "uuid": "2b8c014e54be42968b620bf5a9526a12", "short_code": "ob", "title": "NCAS Long Term Observations: mean winds from the NCAS Sonic Anemometer unit 6 deployed at the NCAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory, v1.0", "abstract": "Mean wind measurements from the NCAS Sonic Anemometer unit 6 deployed at the NCAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. These observations were taken as part of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) long term observations.\r\n\r\nData products from this deployment include: mean-winds\r\n\r\nFor further details of this deployment and the associated dataset please see the internal file metadata.\r\n\r\nThese data conform to the NCAS data standards and are available under the UK Government Open Licence agreement. Acknowledgement of NCAS as the data provider is required whenever and wherever these data are used." } }, { "ob_id": 1139, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44377, "uuid": "fe877f3035c042478fd67de21f5f445a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Synthetic Hourly Air Pollution Prediction Averages for England (SynthHAPPE) version 2", "abstract": "This dataset contains synthetic estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations across England, provided as hourly averages representing typical conditions. The data cover major pollutants, including Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Ozone (O3), Particulate Matter smaller than 10 micrometres (PM10) and smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Each pollutant's concentrations are predicted not only as average (mean) values but also include estimates at lower (5th percentile), median (50th percentile), and upper (95th percentile) levels to highlight typical and potential extreme pollution scenarios.\r\n\r\nThe spatial coverage of the dataset includes the entire area of England, structured as an evenly spaced grid, with each grid square covering an area of 1 square kilometre (1 km^2). Data points correspond to the centre of these grid squares. Temporally, the dataset does not represent actual hourly measurements from specific dates; instead, it provides aggregated \"typical day\" profiles constructed by averaging observations collected from multiple years (2014-2018) for each month, weekday, and hour. This method offers representative insights into typical air pollution patterns, avoiding the complexity of handling large-scale raw datasets.\r\n\r\nThese pollution estimates were produced using a supervised machine learning method, which is a computational approach where algorithms are trained to identify patterns in historical data and apply these learned patterns to predict new data points. The predictions incorporated various environmental factors including weather conditions (e.g., temperature, wind, precipitation), human activities (traffic patterns), satellite measurements, land-use types (urban, rural, industrial areas), and emission inventories (datasets detailing pollutants released into the atmosphere). Additionally, the dataset provides uncertainty intervals through percentile-based estimates, giving users insights into the reliability of the predictions.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was developed to facilitate easier access to high-quality air pollution information for diverse stakeholders, such as researchers, policymakers, urban planners, and health professionals. By providing clear, simplified air quality scenarios, it helps users make informed decisions in urban planning, public health, environmental management, and policy development, as well as to assess potential impacts and interventions related to air pollution.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was created by Liam J. Berrisford at the University of Exeter during his PhD studies, supported by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Centre for Doctoral Training in Environmental Intelligence. Full methodological details and data validation information are available in the associated open-access scientific publication. For more information about the data, see the README.md archived alongside this dataset.\r\n\r\nIn terms of completeness, this dataset intentionally provides representative hourly pollution estimates rather than exact historical measurements or specific pollution events. While it extensively covers typical pollution scenarios across England, direct measurements from specific air quality monitoring stations are not included. Users requiring detailed historical observations or data about specific events should refer to original monitoring station datasets." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43733, "uuid": "4cbd9c53ab07497ba42de5043d1f414b", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Synthetic Hourly Air Pollution Prediction Averages for England (SynthHAPPE)", "abstract": "This dataset contains synthetic estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations across England, provided as hourly averages representing typical conditions. The data cover major pollutants, including Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Ozone (O3), Particulate Matter smaller than 10 micrometres (PM10) and smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Each pollutant's concentrations are predicted not only as average (mean) values but also include estimates at lower (5th percentile), median (50th percentile), and upper (95th percentile) levels to highlight typical and potential extreme pollution scenarios.\r\n\r\nThe spatial coverage of the dataset includes the entire area of England, structured as an evenly spaced grid, with each grid square covering an area of 1 square kilometre (1 km^2). Data points correspond to the centre of these grid squares. Temporally, the dataset does not represent actual hourly measurements from specific dates; instead, it provides aggregated \"typical day\" profiles constructed by averaging observations collected from multiple years (2014-2018) for each month, weekday, and hour. This method offers representative insights into typical air pollution patterns, avoiding the complexity of handling large-scale raw datasets.\r\n\r\nThese pollution estimates were produced using a supervised machine learning method, which is a computational approach where algorithms are trained to identify patterns in historical data and apply these learned patterns to predict new data points. The predictions incorporated various environmental factors including weather conditions (e.g., temperature, wind, precipitation), human activities (traffic patterns), satellite measurements, land-use types (urban, rural, industrial areas), and emission inventories (datasets detailing pollutants released into the atmosphere). Additionally, the dataset provides uncertainty intervals through percentile-based estimates, giving users insights into the reliability of the predictions.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was developed to facilitate easier access to high-quality air pollution information for diverse stakeholders, such as researchers, policymakers, urban planners, and health professionals. By providing clear, simplified air quality scenarios, it helps users make informed decisions in urban planning, public health, environmental management, and policy development, as well as to assess potential impacts and interventions related to air pollution.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was created by Liam J. Berrisford at the University of Exeter during his PhD studies, supported by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Centre for Doctoral Training in Environmental Intelligence. Full methodological details and data validation information are available in the associated open-access scientific publication. For more information about the data, see the README.md archived alongside this dataset.\r\n\r\nIn terms of completeness, this dataset intentionally provides representative hourly pollution estimates rather than exact historical measurements or specific pollution events. While it extensively covers typical pollution scenarios across England, direct measurements from specific air quality monitoring stations are not included. Users requiring detailed historical observations or data about specific events should refer to original monitoring station datasets." } }, { "ob_id": 1161, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30199, "uuid": "bf9568b558204b81803eeebcc7f529ef", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 Analysis Ready Data (ARD)", "abstract": "These data have been created by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in order to cost-effectively provide high quality, Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for a wide range of applications. The dataset contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 (Level 1C data processed into a surface reflectance product (Level 2)). Defra and JNCC data were processed on separate platforms using a common specification to produce complementary outputs up to and including the acquisition date 23/06/2023. Data acquired after that date were processed on a single platform to the same specification.\r\n\r\nThe majority of data captured between July 2015 and August 2017 was processed by Aberystwyth University for Defra and later updated by JNCC to the same specification as the rest of this dataset. Please see the image-level metadata for details of data lineage and processing.\r\n\r\nThe Sentinel-2 ARD filename format was changed in April 2023. Filenames of data acquired on or after 01/04/2023 include the timestamp of data generation and display image latitude and longitude to a consistent number of significant figures preceded by ‘n’ (North) and ‘e/w’ (East / West). Filenames of data acquired before this date do not include the data generation timestamp and display latitude and longitude to varying significant figures not preceded by ‘n’ and ‘e/w’." } }, { "ob_id": 1162, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1163, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1164, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1165, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1166, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1167, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1168, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1169, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1170, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1171, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1172, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1173, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1174, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1175, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1176, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1177, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1178, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44530, "uuid": "962a49e9127746018605ea617f596ba7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Enhanced Vegetation Index v2 (EVI2)", "abstract": "EVI2 (Jiang et al., 2008) is computed using the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. While the majority of EVI2 data falls within the range of -1 to +1, some values may exceed +1. These are typically associated with areas of high vegetation productivity (slightly exceeding +1), while some larger values may be associated with cloud, water or bright landscape features, such as buildings.\r\n\r\nEVI2 can be considered complementary to NDVI for understanding variation in vegetation greenness. However, compared to NDVI, EVI2 reduces atmospheric influences and adjusts for background canopy effects. It is also less prone to saturation in regions of high vegetation productivity. \r\n\r\nEVI2 = 2.5 * (NIR - RED) / (NIR +2.4 * RED + 1)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 EVI2 (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = 2.5 * (B07 – B03) / (B07 +2.4 * B03 + 1)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1179, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44338, "uuid": "9ae429e3026f4903a338f6baa0a11035", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) v2", "abstract": "NDWI is used to identify water bodies and detect changes in their extent. It is calculated as the ratio of the green and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Positive index values generally indicate the presence of water, with higher values corresponding to water bodies.\r\n\r\nNDWI = (GREEN – NIR) / (GREEN + NIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDWI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B02 – B07) / (B02 + B07)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B03, B08\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1180, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44330, "uuid": "ebe60d6b1128424aa7caed45a45c585f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Burn Ratio (NBR) v2", "abstract": "NBR enables identification of burned areas and can also provide an indication of burn severity. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands, with lower values indicating burned areas. Burn severity can be assessed by subtracting post-fire NBR from pre-fire NBR.\r\n\r\nNBR = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NBR (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 - B10) / (B07 + B10)\r\n\r\nEquivalent Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B12\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1181, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44334, "uuid": "4122d70648354bd9ac7eef525c829d02", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) v2", "abstract": "NDMI can be used to assess vegetation moisture content, and is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands. It is commonly used to assess water stress in plants. Positive values tend to correspond to vegetated surfaces, with the value increasing towards 1 as moisture content and vegetation density increase.\r\n\r\nNDMI = (NIR – SWIR) / (NIR + SWIR)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDMI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B09) / (B07 + B09)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B11\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44315, "uuid": "ebb1bd2603cc4efc8ce1d745d03932b5", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-2 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) v2", "abstract": "NDVI is a widely used index that quantifies vegetation greenness and can provide an indication of vegetation health and vegetation density. It is calculated as the ratio between the near-infrared (NIR) and red bands. Positive values generally correspond to vegetation, with higher values reflecting healthy, dense vegetation.\r\n\r\nNDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)\r\n\r\nSentinel-2 NDVI (Defra/JNCC ARD bands) = (B07 – B03) / (B07 + B03)\r\n\r\nEquivalent ESA Sentinel-2 bands: B08, B04\r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nThe dataset contains NDVI, NDMI, NDWI, NBR and EVI2 indices derived from Defra and JNCC Sentinel-2 ARD. Index files have been generated for Sentinel-2 granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. Note that new unmasked index files (v2) have superseded the previous masked index files (v1). Masked files will no longer be produced. Users can mask the new index files if required using the cloud and topographic shadow masks provided with the ARD, or masks of their choice. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" } }, { "ob_id": 1182, "relationType": "IsDerivedFrom", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44534, "uuid": "500d38196eb044278747c2f2a5e93da0", "short_code": "ob", "title": "JNCC Sentinel-1 indices Analysis Ready Data (ARD) VH/VV Cross Ratio", "abstract": "The VH/VV Sentinel-1 cross ratio highlights volume scattering and can be used to infer structural information about a landscape and provide insights into vegetation water content (Vreugdenhil et al., 2018). Computing the ratio helps to reduce measurement geometry, topography and calibration effects which may be present in the separate Sentinel-1 VH and VV polarisation bands (Meyer, 2019). This ratio can be used to monitor vegetation structure and growth and has been shown to correspond to NDVI for certain crops (Vreugdenhil et al., 2020).\r\n\r\nThe VH/VV cross ratio is calculated using the Defra and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) VH (band 2) and VV (band 1) ARD bands. Prior to completing the VH/VV calculation, the VV and VH polarisations are converted from decibels (as they are provided in the Defra and JNCC Sentinel-1 ARD) to a linear scale. \r\n\r\nData are provided in EPSG: 27700 OSGB36 / British National Grid, with a pixel size of 10m, and data is pixel-aligned to the source ARD file. No-data pixels are set to a value of -9999. Pixels with values of 50 or higher, or -50 or lower, were assigned the no-data value.\r\n\r\nThese data have been created by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) as part of the “Earth observation-based habitat change detection” project. This project is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) programme. The project seeks to facilitate the effective uptake and use of Earth Observation data by producing data and tools for investigating and detecting parcel-level change in habitats and habitat condition. \r\n\r\nVH/VV files have been generated for Sentinel-1A ascending orbit granules covering England and Scotland for the period from 2015 to 2025. \r\n\r\nContains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2015-2025" }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 30193, "uuid": "05cea0662aa54aa2b7e2c5811e09431f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "Defra and JNCC Sentinel-1 Analysis Ready Data (ARD)", "abstract": "These data have been created by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in order to cost effectively provide high quality, Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for a wide range of applications. The dataset contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-1 data processed into a normalised radar backscatter product on a linear scale in dB. Products acquired from ESA are Ground-Range Detected (GRD) Interferometric Wide-swath (IW) in the dual VV+VH polarisation (DV) mode, where both VV and VH polarisations are collected. Defra and JNCC data were processed on separate platforms using a common specification to produce complementary outputs up to and including the acquisition date 23/06/2023. Data acquired after that date were processed on a single platform to the same specification.\r\n\r\nSentinel-1 scenes processed before July 2021 have had a strip of data clipped from their northern edge to remove an artefact caused by a deprecated processing method. Details can be found in the lineage statement of the metadata for all affected scenes." } }, { "ob_id": 1183, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44586, "uuid": "c0cd9756b5234f1881c375fb6bb94245", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily weather observation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on a 24 hour time scale. The measurements of sunshine duration, concrete state, snow depth, fresh snow depth, and days of snow, hail, thunder and gail were attained by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK operated and transmitted within DLY3208, NCM, AWSDLY and SYNOP messages. The data span from 1887 to 2024. For details of observations see the relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record for the various message types.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily weather observations within the full MIDAS collection." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42335, "uuid": "8070d47e1b7340468fa7cf654dee938b", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily weather observation data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK daily weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on a 24 hour time scale. The measurements of sunshine duration, concrete state, snow depth, fresh snow depth, and days of snow, hail, thunder and gail were attained by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK operated and transmitted within DLY3208, NCM, AWSDLY and SYNOP messages. The data span from 1887 to 2023. For details of observations see the relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record for the various message types.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily weather observations within the full MIDAS collection." } }, { "ob_id": 1184, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44585, "uuid": "bed3b1f2ce0c4ba780927e9fac04f696", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK mean wind data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK mean wind data contain the mean wind speed and direction, and the direction, speed and time of the maximum gust, all during 1 or more hours, ending at the stated time and date. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, HWNDAUTO and HWND6910. The data spans from 1949 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nFor further details on observing practice, including measurement accuracies for the message types, see relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record (e.g. section 3.3 details the wind network in the UK, section 5.5 covers wind measurements in general and section 4 details message type information).\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42331, "uuid": "91cb9985a6c2453d99084bde4ff5f314", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK mean wind data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK mean wind data contain the mean wind speed and direction, and the direction, speed and time of the maximum gust, all during 1 or more hours, ending at the stated time and date. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, HWNDAUTO and HWND6910. The data spans from 1949 to 2023.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nFor further details on observing practice, including measurement accuracies for the message types, see relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record (e.g. section 3.3 details the wind network in the UK, section 5.5 covers wind measurements in general and section 4 details message type information).\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." } }, { "ob_id": 1185, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44584, "uuid": "99173f6a802147aeba430d96d2bb3099", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly weather observation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nFor details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42332, "uuid": "c50776e4903942cdb329589da70b83fe", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly weather observation data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2023.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nFor details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data." } }, { "ob_id": 1186, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44583, "uuid": "c75ca7291a5048739010380dce6ebc99", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly rainfall data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly rainfall data contain the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also contains precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours are not stored. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW and SSER. The data spans from 1915 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42334, "uuid": "6c619c67138843b8839a5788ac749e12", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly rainfall data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK hourly rainfall data contain the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also contains precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours are not stored. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW and SSER. The data spans from 1915 to 2023.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset." } }, { "ob_id": 1187, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44582, "uuid": "9244f715ecfd4e74b0b6200de55e1b1a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily temperature data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily temperature data contain maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM, DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to 2024. For details on measurement techniques, including calibration information and changes in measurements, see section 5.2 of the MIDAS User Guide linked to from this record. Soil temperature data may be found in the UK soil temperature datasets linked from this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily temperature observations within the full MIDAS collection." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42336, "uuid": "b7c6295b72c54fa9bcd8308fea2727e7", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily temperature data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK daily temperature data contain maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM, DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to 2023. For details on measurement techniques, including calibration information and changes in measurements, see section 5.2 of the MIDAS User Guide linked to from this record. Soil temperature data may be found in the UK soil temperature datasets linked from this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily temperature observations within the full MIDAS collection." } }, { "ob_id": 1188, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44581, "uuid": "8ddfd4dd5af443f9ad382cd77366d877", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily rainfall data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily rainfall data contain rainfall accumulation and precipitation amounts over a 24 hour period. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSDLY, DLY3208 and SSER. The data spans from 1853 to 2024. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see section 5.6 and the relevant message type information in the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version (202407) of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset. Currently this represents approximately 13% of available daily rainfall observations within the full MIDAS collection." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42337, "uuid": "8606115371e44b079e25d479cfec465c", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily rainfall data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK daily rainfall data contain rainfall accumulation and precipitation amounts over a 24 hour period. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSDLY, DLY3208 and SSER. The data spans from 1853 to 2023. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see section 5.6 and the relevant message type information in the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version (202308) of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset. Currently this represents approximately 13% of available daily rainfall observations within the full MIDAS collection." } }, { "ob_id": 1189, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44580, "uuid": "406b7689394542919d682e46afb7c819", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK soil temperature data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK soil temperature data contain daily and hourly values of soil temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 centimetres. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 messages. The data spans from 1900 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nAt many stations temperatures below the surface are measured at various depths. The depths used today are 5, 10, 20, 30 and 100cm, although measurements are not necessarily made at all these depths at a station and exceptionally measurements may be made at other depths. When imperial units were in general use, typically before 1961, the normal depths of measurement were 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 inches.\r\n\r\nLiquid-in-glass soil thermometers at a depth of 20 cm or less are unsheathed and have a bend in the stem between the bulb and the lowest graduation. At greater depths the thermometer is suspended in a steel tube and has its bulb encased in wax.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42330, "uuid": "a6bb3e8def544b5790d4b05a6f37f901", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK soil temperature data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK soil temperature data contain daily and hourly values of soil temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 centimetres. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 messages. The data spans from 1900 to 2023.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nAt many stations temperatures below the surface are measured at various depths. The depths used today are 5, 10, 20, 30 and 100cm, although measurements are not necessarily made at all these depths at a station and exceptionally measurements may be made at other depths. When imperial units were in general use, typically before 1961, the normal depths of measurement were 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 inches.\r\n\r\nLiquid-in-glass soil thermometers at a depth of 20 cm or less are unsheathed and have a bend in the stem between the bulb and the lowest graduation. At greater depths the thermometer is suspended in a steel tube and has its bulb encased in wax.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." } }, { "ob_id": 1190, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44579, "uuid": "76e54f87291c4cd98c793e37524dc98e", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly solar radiation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light. \r\n\r\nFor details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 42333, "uuid": "0afba628c2f4462da68b0a81ebf1ff4c", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly solar radiation data, v202407", "abstract": "The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light. \r\n\r\nFor details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2023.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." } }, { "ob_id": 1191, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44529, "uuid": "b8be3f3993e54d309fddf61ea5d3674f", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (LST_cci): Monthly Multisensor Infra-Red (IR) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) land surface temperature (LST) time series level 3 supercollated (L3S) global product (1995-2024), version 3.00", "abstract": "This dataset contains land surface temperatures (LSTs) and their uncertainty estimates from multiple Infra-Red (IR) instruments on Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) sun-synchronous (a.k.a. polar orbiting) satellites. Satellite land surface temperatures are skin temperatures, which means, for example, the temperature of the ground surface in bare soil areas, the temperature of the canopy over forests, and a mix of the soil and leaf temperature over sparse vegetation. The skin temperature is an important variable when considering surface fluxes of, for instance, heat and water.\r\n\r\nDaytime and night-time temperatures are provided in separate files corresponding to 10:00 and 22:00 local solar time. Per pixel uncertainty estimates are given in two forms, first, an estimate of the total uncertainty for the pixel and second, a breakdown of the uncertainty into components by correlation length. Also provided in the files, on a per pixel basis, are the observation time, the satellite viewing and solar geometry angles, a quality flag, and land cover class.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is comprised of LSTs from a series of instruments with a common heritage: the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2); the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR); the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer on Sentinel 3B (SLSTRB); and data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer on Earth Observation System - Terra (MODIS Terra) to fill the gap between AATSR and SLSTR. So, the instruments contributing to the time series are: ATSR-2 from June 1995 to May 2002; AATSR from June 2002 to March 2012; MODIS Terra from April 2012 to November 2018; and SLSTRB from December 2018 to December 2024. Inter-instrument biases are accounted for by cross-calibration with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments on Meteorological Operational (METOP) satellites. For consistency, a common algorithm is used for LST retrieval for all instruments. Furthermore, an adjustment is made to the LSTs to account for the half-hour difference between satellite equator crossing times. For consistency through the time series, coverage is restricted to the narrowest instrument swath width.\r\n\r\nThe dataset coverage is near global over the land surface. During the period covered by ATSR-2, small regions were not covered due to downlinking constraints (most noticeably a track extending southwards across central Asia through India – further details can be found on the ATSR project webpages at https://artefacts.ceda.ac.uk/frozen_sites/www.atsr.rl.ac.uk/documentation/docs/userguide/index.shtml).\r\n\r\nLSTs are provided on a global equal angle grid at a resolution of 0.01° longitude and 0.01° latitude. Full Earth coverage is achieved in 3 days. Furthermore, LSTs are not produced where clouds are present since under these circumstances the IR radiometer observes the cloud top which is usually much colder than the surface. In this dataset, data has been averaged to a monthly grid. A separate daily product is also available.\r\n\r\nDataset coverage starts on 1st June 1995 and currently ends on 31st December 2024. There are two gaps of several months in the dataset: no data were acquired from ATSR-2 between 23 December 1995 and 27 June 1996 due to a scan mirror anomaly; and the ERS-2 gyro failed in January 2001, data quality was less good between 17th Jan 2001 and 5th July 2001 and are not used in this dataset. Also, there is a twelve day gap in the dataset due to Envisat mission extension orbital manoeuvres from 21st October 2010 to 1st November 2010. There are minor interruptions (1-10 days) during satellite/instrument maintenance periods or instrument anomalies.\r\n\r\nThis version of the dataset (Version 3.00) extends the temporal coverage by four years to the end of 2024. The temporal coverage of the monthly product will be further extended at 6 monthly intervals through the Copernicus Climate Change Service. Other changes in Version 3.00 include a change from SLSTR on Sentinel 3A to SLSTR on Sentinel 3B; the correction for time differences between the sensors is calculated in brightness temperature space using radiative transfer simulations; and the ATSR-2 and AATSR data are from the fourth reprocessing of these datasets.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced by the University of Leicester (UoL) and LSTs were retrieved using a Generalised Split Window retrieval algorithm and data were processed in the UoL processing chain.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced as part of the ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative which strives to improve satellite datasets to Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) standards." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 37126, "uuid": "785ef9d3965442669bff899540747e28", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (LST_cci): Monthly Multisensor Infra-Red (IR) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) land surface temperature (LST) time series level 3 supercollated (L3S) global product (1995-2020), version 2.00", "abstract": "This dataset contains monthly-averaged land surface temperatures (LSTs) and their uncertainty estimates from multiple Infra-Red (IR) instruments on Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) sun-synchronous (a.k.a. polar orbiting) satellites. Satellite land surface temperatures are skin temperatures, which means, for example, the temperature of the ground surface in bare soil areas, the temperature of the canopy over forests, and a mix of the soil and leaf temperature over sparse vegetation. The skin temperature is an important variable when considering surface fluxes of, for instance, heat and water.\r\n\r\nDaytime and night-time temperatures are provided in separate files corresponding to 10:30 and 22:30 local solar time. Per pixel uncertainty estimates are given in two forms, first, an estimate of the total uncertainty for the pixel and second, a breakdown of the uncertainty into components by correlation length. Also provided in the files, on a per pixel basis, are the observation time, the satellite viewing and solar geometry angles, a quality flag, and land cover class.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is comprised of LSTs from a series of instruments with a common heritage: the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2), the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer on Sentinel 3A (SLSTRA); and data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer on Earth Observation System - Terra (MODIS Terra) to fill the gap between AATSR and SLSTR. So, the instruments contributing to the time series are: ATSR-2 from August 1995 to July 2002; AATSR from August 2002 to March 2012; MODIS Terra from April 2012 to July 2016; and SLSTRA from August 2016 to December 2020. Inter-instrument biases are accounted for by cross-calibration with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments on Meteorological Operational (METOP) satellites. For consistency, a common algorithm is used for LST retrieval for all instruments. Furthermore, an adjustment is made to the LSTs to account for the half-hour difference between satellite equator crossing times. For consistency through the time series, coverage is restricted to the narrowest instrument swath width.\r\n\r\nThe dataset coverage is near global over the land surface. During the period covered by ATSR-2, small regions were not covered due to downlinking constraints (most noticeably a track extending southwards across central Asia through India – further details can be found on the ATSR project webpages at http://www.atsr.rl.ac.uk/dataproducts/availability/coverage/atsr-2/index.shtml).\r\n\r\nLSTs are provided on a global equal angle grid at a resolution of 0.01° longitude and 0.01° latitude. Full Earth coverage is achieved in 3 days so the daily files have gaps where the surface is not covered by the satellite swath on that day. Furthermore, LSTs are not produced where clouds are present since under these circumstances the IR radiometer observes the cloud top which is usually much colder than the surface.\r\n\r\nDataset coverage starts on 1st August 1995 and ends on 31st December 2020. There are two gaps of several months in the dataset: no data were acquired from ATSR-2 between 23 December 1995 and 30 June 1996 due to a scan mirror anomaly; and the ERS-2 gyro failed in January 2001, data quality was less good between 17th Jan 2001 and 5th July 2001 and are not used in this dataset. Also, there is a twelve day gap in the dataset due to Envisat mission extension orbital manoeuvres from 21st October 2010 to 1st November 2010. There are minor interruptions (1-10 days) during satellite/instrument maintenance periods or instrument anomalies. \r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced by the University of Leicester (UoL) and LSTs were retrieved using the (UoL) LST retrieval algorithm and data were processed in the UoL processing chain.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced as part of the ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative which strives to improve satellite datasets to Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) standards." } }, { "ob_id": 1192, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44528, "uuid": "e67b02b814bf4a78b9ec90b4259f0741", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (LST_cci): Daily multisensor Infra-Red (IR) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) land surface temperature (LST) time series level 3 supercollated (L3S) global product (1995-2024), version 3.00", "abstract": "This dataset contains land surface temperatures (LSTs) and their uncertainty estimates from multiple Infra-Red (IR) instruments on Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) sun-synchronous (a.k.a. polar orbiting) satellites. Satellite land surface temperatures are skin temperatures, which means, for example, the temperature of the ground surface in bare soil areas, the temperature of the canopy over forests, and a mix of the soil and leaf temperature over sparse vegetation. The skin temperature is an important variable when considering surface fluxes of, for instance, heat and water.\r\n\r\nDaytime and night-time temperatures are provided in separate files corresponding to 10:00 and 22:00 local solar time. Per pixel uncertainty estimates are given in two forms, first, an estimate of the total uncertainty for the pixel and second, a breakdown of the uncertainty into components by correlation length. Also provided in the files, on a per pixel basis, are the observation time, the satellite viewing and solar geometry angles, a quality flag, and land cover class.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is comprised of LSTs from a series of instruments with a common heritage: the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2); the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer on Sentinel 3B (SLSTRB); and data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer on Earth Observation System - Terra (MODIS Terra), to fill the gap between AATSR and SLSTR. So, the instruments contributing to the time series are: ATSR-2 from June 1995 to May 2002; AATSR from June 2002 to March 2012; MODIS Terra from April 2012 to November 2018; and SLSTRB from December 2018 to December 2024. Inter-instrument biases are accounted for by cross-calibration with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments on Meteorological Operational (METOP) satellites. For consistency, a common algorithm is used for LST retrieval for all instruments. Furthermore, an adjustment is made to the LSTs to account for the half-hour difference between satellite equator crossing times. For consistency through the time series, coverage is restricted to the narrowest instrument swath width.\r\n\r\nThe dataset coverage is near global over the land surface. During the period covered by ATSR-2, small regions were not covered due to downlinking constraints (most noticeably a track extending southwards across central Asia through India – further details can be found on the ATSR project webpages at https://artefacts.ceda.ac.uk/frozen_sites/www.atsr.rl.ac.uk/documentation/docs/userguide/index.shtml).\r\n\r\nLSTs are provided on a global equal angle grid at a resolution of 0.01° longitude and 0.01° latitude. Full Earth coverage is achieved in 3 days so the daily files have gaps where the surface is not covered by the satellite swath on that day. Furthermore, LSTs are not produced where clouds are present since under these circumstances the IR radiometer observes the cloud top which is usually much colder than the surface.\r\n\r\nDataset coverage starts on 1st June 1995 and currently ends on 31st December 2024. There are two gaps of several months in the dataset: no data were acquired from ATSR-2 between 23 December 1995 and 27 June 1996 due to a scan mirror anomaly; and the ERS-2 gyro failed in January 2001, data quality was less good between 17th Jan 2001 and 5th July 2001 and are not used in this dataset. Also, there is a twelve day gap in the dataset due to Envisat mission extension orbital manoeuvres from 21st October 2010 to 1st November 2010. There are minor interruptions (1-10 days) during satellite/instrument maintenance periods or instrument anomalies.\r\n\r\nThis version of the dataset (Version 3.00) extends the temporal coverage by four years to the end of 2024. This dataset provides a daily product, and a separate monthly averaged product also exists. The temporal coverage of the monthly product will be further extended at 6 monthly intervals through the Copernicus Climate Change Service. Other changes in Version 3.00 include: SLSTR on Sentinel 3A is no longer used, instead data from SLSTR on Sentinel 3B is used from November 2018; the correction for time differences between the sensors is calculated in brightness temperature space using radiative transfer simulations; and the ATSR-2 and AATSR data are from the fourth reprocessing of these datasets.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced by the University of Leicester (UoL) and LSTs were retrieved using a Generalised Split Window retrieval algorithm and data were processed in the UoL processing chain.\r\nThe dataset was produced as part of the ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative which strives to improve satellite datasets to Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) standards." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 33370, "uuid": "ef8ce37b6af24469a2a4bdc31d3db27d", "short_code": "ob", "title": "ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (LST_cci): Multisensor Infra-Red (IR) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) land surface temperature (LST) time series level 3 supercollated (L3S) global product (1995-2020), version 2.00", "abstract": "This dataset contains land surface temperatures (LSTs) and their uncertainty estimates from multiple Infra-Red (IR) instruments on Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) sun-synchronous (a.k.a. polar orbiting) satellites. Satellite land surface temperatures are skin temperatures, which means, for example, the temperature of the ground surface in bare soil areas, the temperature of the canopy over forests, and a mix of the soil and leaf temperature over sparse vegetation. The skin temperature is an important variable when considering surface fluxes of, for instance, heat and water.\r\n\r\nDaytime and night-time temperatures are provided in separate files corresponding to 10:30 and 22:30 local solar time. Per pixel uncertainty estimates are given in two forms, first, an estimate of the total uncertainty for the pixel and second, a breakdown of the uncertainty into components by correlation length. Also provided in the files, on a per pixel basis, are the observation time, the satellite viewing and solar geometry angles, a quality flag, and land cover class.\r\n\r\nThe dataset is comprised of LSTs from a series of instruments with a common heritage: the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2), the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer on Sentinel 3A (SLSTRA); and data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer on Earth Observation System - Terra (MODIS Terra) to fill the gap between AATSR and SLSTR. So, the instruments contributing to the time series are: ATSR-2 from August 1995 to July 2002; AATSR from August 2002 to March 2012; MODIS Terra from April 2012 to July 2016; and SLSTRA from August 2016 to December 2020. Inter-instrument biases are accounted for by cross-calibration with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments on Meteorological Operational (METOP) satellites. For consistency, a common algorithm is used for LST retrieval for all instruments. Furthermore, an adjustment is made to the LSTs to account for the half-hour difference between satellite equator crossing times. For consistency through the time series, coverage is restricted to the narrowest instrument swath width.\r\n\r\nThe dataset coverage is near global over the land surface. During the period covered by ATSR-2, small regions were not covered due to downlinking constraints (most noticeably a track extending southwards across central Asia through India – further details can be found on the ATSR project webpages at http://www.atsr.rl.ac.uk/dataproducts/availability/coverage/atsr-2/index.shtml).\r\n\r\nLSTs are provided on a global equal angle grid at a resolution of 0.01° longitude and 0.01° latitude. Full Earth coverage is achieved in 3 days so the daily files have gaps where the surface is not covered by the satellite swath on that day. Furthermore, LSTs are not produced where clouds are present since under these circumstances the IR radiometer observes the cloud top which is usually much colder than the surface.\r\n\r\nDataset coverage starts on 1st August 1995 and ends on 31st December 2020. There are two gaps of several months in the dataset: no data were acquired from ATSR-2 between 23 December 1995 and 30 June 1996 due to a scan mirror anomaly; and the ERS-2 gyro failed in January 2001, data quality was less good between 17th Jan 2001 and 5th July 2001 and are not used in this dataset. Also, there is a twelve day gap in the dataset due to Envisat mission extension orbital manoeuvres from 21st October 2010 to 1st November 2010. There are minor interruptions (1-10 days) during satellite/instrument maintenance periods or instrument anomalies. \r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced by the University of Leicester (UoL) and LSTs were retrieved using the (UoL) LST retrieval algorithm and data were processed in the UoL processing chain.\r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced as part of the ESA Land Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative which strives to improve satellite datasets to Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) standards." } }, { "ob_id": 1193, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44579, "uuid": "76e54f87291c4cd98c793e37524dc98e", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly solar radiation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light. \r\n\r\nFor details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1194, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44580, "uuid": "406b7689394542919d682e46afb7c819", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK soil temperature data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK soil temperature data contain daily and hourly values of soil temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 centimetres. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 messages. The data spans from 1900 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nAt many stations temperatures below the surface are measured at various depths. The depths used today are 5, 10, 20, 30 and 100cm, although measurements are not necessarily made at all these depths at a station and exceptionally measurements may be made at other depths. When imperial units were in general use, typically before 1961, the normal depths of measurement were 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 inches.\r\n\r\nLiquid-in-glass soil thermometers at a depth of 20 cm or less are unsheathed and have a bend in the stem between the bulb and the lowest graduation. At greater depths the thermometer is suspended in a steel tube and has its bulb encased in wax.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1195, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44581, "uuid": "8ddfd4dd5af443f9ad382cd77366d877", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily rainfall data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily rainfall data contain rainfall accumulation and precipitation amounts over a 24 hour period. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSDLY, DLY3208 and SSER. The data spans from 1853 to 2024. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see section 5.6 and the relevant message type information in the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version (202407) of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset. Currently this represents approximately 13% of available daily rainfall observations within the full MIDAS collection." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1196, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44582, "uuid": "9244f715ecfd4e74b0b6200de55e1b1a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily temperature data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily temperature data contain maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM, DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to 2024. For details on measurement techniques, including calibration information and changes in measurements, see section 5.2 of the MIDAS User Guide linked to from this record. Soil temperature data may be found in the UK soil temperature datasets linked from this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily temperature observations within the full MIDAS collection." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1197, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44583, "uuid": "c75ca7291a5048739010380dce6ebc99", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly rainfall data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly rainfall data contain the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also contains precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours are not stored. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW and SSER. The data spans from 1915 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1198, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44584, "uuid": "99173f6a802147aeba430d96d2bb3099", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly weather observation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nFor details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1199, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44585, "uuid": "bed3b1f2ce0c4ba780927e9fac04f696", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK mean wind data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK mean wind data contain the mean wind speed and direction, and the direction, speed and time of the maximum gust, all during 1 or more hours, ending at the stated time and date. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, HWNDAUTO and HWND6910. The data spans from 1949 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nFor further details on observing practice, including measurement accuracies for the message types, see relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record (e.g. section 3.3 details the wind network in the UK, section 5.5 covers wind measurements in general and section 4 details message type information).\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1200, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44586, "uuid": "c0cd9756b5234f1881c375fb6bb94245", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily weather observation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on a 24 hour time scale. The measurements of sunshine duration, concrete state, snow depth, fresh snow depth, and days of snow, hail, thunder and gail were attained by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK operated and transmitted within DLY3208, NCM, AWSDLY and SYNOP messages. The data span from 1887 to 2024. For details of observations see the relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record for the various message types.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily weather observations within the full MIDAS collection." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." } }, { "ob_id": 1201, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44586, "uuid": "c0cd9756b5234f1881c375fb6bb94245", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily weather observation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on a 24 hour time scale. The measurements of sunshine duration, concrete state, snow depth, fresh snow depth, and days of snow, hail, thunder and gail were attained by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK operated and transmitted within DLY3208, NCM, AWSDLY and SYNOP messages. The data span from 1887 to 2024. For details of observations see the relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record for the various message types.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily weather observations within the full MIDAS collection." } }, { "ob_id": 1202, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44585, "uuid": "bed3b1f2ce0c4ba780927e9fac04f696", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK mean wind data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK mean wind data contain the mean wind speed and direction, and the direction, speed and time of the maximum gust, all during 1 or more hours, ending at the stated time and date. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, HWNDAUTO and HWND6910. The data spans from 1949 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nFor further details on observing practice, including measurement accuracies for the message types, see relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record (e.g. section 3.3 details the wind network in the UK, section 5.5 covers wind measurements in general and section 4 details message type information).\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." } }, { "ob_id": 1203, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44584, "uuid": "99173f6a802147aeba430d96d2bb3099", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly weather observation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nFor details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data." } }, { "ob_id": 1204, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44583, "uuid": "c75ca7291a5048739010380dce6ebc99", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly rainfall data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly rainfall data contain the rainfall amount (and duration from tilting syphon gauges) during the hour (or hours) ending at the specified time. The data also contains precipitation amounts, however precipitation measured over 24 hours are not stored. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSHRLY, DLY3208, SREW and SSER. The data spans from 1915 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset." } }, { "ob_id": 1205, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44579, "uuid": "76e54f87291c4cd98c793e37524dc98e", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK hourly solar radiation data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK hourly solar radiation data contain the amount of solar irradiance received during the hour ending at the specified time. All sites report 'global' radiation amounts. This is also known as 'total sky radiation' as it includes both direct solar irradiance and 'diffuse' irradiance as a result of light scattering. Some sites also provide separate diffuse and direct irradiation amounts, depending on the instrumentation at the site. For these the sun's path is tracked with two pyrometers - one where the path to the sun is blocked by a suitable disc to allow the scattered sunlight to be measured to give the diffuse measurement, while the other has a tube pointing at the sun to measure direct solar irradiance whilst blanking out scattered sun light. \r\n\r\nFor details about the different measurements made and the limited number of sites making them please see the MIDAS Solar Irradiance table linked to in the online resources section of this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThe data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: SYNOP, HCM, AWSHRLY, MODLERAD, ESAWRADT and DRADR35 messages. The data spans from 1947 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." } }, { "ob_id": 1206, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44580, "uuid": "406b7689394542919d682e46afb7c819", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK soil temperature data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK soil temperature data contain daily and hourly values of soil temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 centimetres. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 messages. The data spans from 1900 to 2024.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nAt many stations temperatures below the surface are measured at various depths. The depths used today are 5, 10, 20, 30 and 100cm, although measurements are not necessarily made at all these depths at a station and exceptionally measurements may be made at other depths. When imperial units were in general use, typically before 1961, the normal depths of measurement were 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 inches.\r\n\r\nLiquid-in-glass soil thermometers at a depth of 20 cm or less are unsheathed and have a bend in the stem between the bulb and the lowest graduation. At greater depths the thermometer is suspended in a steel tube and has its bulb encased in wax.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record." } }, { "ob_id": 1207, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44581, "uuid": "8ddfd4dd5af443f9ad382cd77366d877", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily rainfall data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily rainfall data contain rainfall accumulation and precipitation amounts over a 24 hour period. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSDLY, DLY3208 and SSER. The data spans from 1853 to 2024. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see section 5.6 and the relevant message type information in the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version (202407) of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset. Currently this represents approximately 13% of available daily rainfall observations within the full MIDAS collection." } }, { "ob_id": 1208, "relationType": "IsSupplementedBy", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44207, "uuid": "f02cc6ddd92f45b18b9ab6ab544df7d9", "short_code": "ob", "title": "HadUK-Grid Gridded Climate Observations on a 1km grid over the UK, v1.3.1.ceda (1836-2024)", "abstract": "HadUK-Grid is a collection of gridded climate variables derived from the network of UK land surface observations. The data have been interpolated from meteorological station data onto a uniform grid to provide complete and consistent coverage across the UK. The datasets cover the UK at 1 km x 1 km resolution. These 1 km x 1 km data have been used to provide a range of other resolutions and across countries, administrative regions and river basins to allow for comparison to data from UKCP18 climate projections. The dataset spans the period from 1836 to 2024, but the start time is dependent on climate variable and temporal resolution. \r\n\r\nThe gridded data are produced for daily, monthly, seasonal and annual timescales, as well as long term averages for a set of climatological reference periods. Variables include air temperature (maximum, minimum and mean), precipitation, sunshine, mean sea level pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, vapour pressure, days of snow lying, and days of ground frost.\r\n\r\nThis data set supersedes the previous versions of this dataset which also superseded UKCP09 gridded observations. Subsequent versions may be released in due course and will follow the version numbering as outlined by Hollis et al. (2019, see linked documentation).\r\n\r\nThe changes for v1.3.1.ceda HadUK-Grid datasets are as follows:\r\n \r\nChanges to the dataset\r\n* Added data for calendar year 2024\r\n* Extended the daily temperature grids back to 1931\r\n\r\nChanges to the input data\r\n* Incorporated additional daily rainfall data for 60 sites in Scotland, 1922-45\r\n* Incorporated additional monthly rainfall data for two sites - Westonbirt (1880-1951) & Ackworth School (1852-53)\r\n* Fixed a 1-day offset for sunshine duration values for six stations between 1971 and 1993\r\n* Corrected the daily rainfall data for Macclesfield, 1958-60 (the values had been stored in the wrong units)\r\n* Improved the quality control of the most recent three months of rainfall data (Oct-Dec 2024)\r\n* Removed Corpach from the wind speed grids (the station is poorly modelled - this only affects 14 months)\r\n* Reviewed the quality control flags that had been applied automatically to historical air and grass minimum temperature data. In many cases it was possible to remove the flags and this has allowed us to incorporate additional data into the grids for 1961-1997 for these variables.\r\n* Improved the business logic relating to data completeness. This affects monthly wind speed and has allowed us to re-introduce some of the data that were excluded in the previous release.\r\n\r\n* Net changes to the input station data:\r\n - Total of 131314637 observations\r\n - 126821432 (96.6%) unchanged \r\n - 105327 (0.08%) modified for this version\r\n - 4387878 (3.34%) added in this version\r\n - 44224 (0.03%) deleted from this version\r\n \r\nThe primary purpose of these data are to facilitate monitoring of UK climate and research into climate change, impacts and adaptation. The datasets have been created by the Met Office with financial support from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) in order to support the Public Weather Service Customer Group (PWSCG), the Hadley Centre Climate Programme, and the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) project. The output from a number of data recovery activities relating to 19th and early 20th Century data have been used in the creation of this dataset, these activities were supported by: the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; the Natural Environment Research Council project \"Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK\"; the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme; The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Public Engagement programme; the National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the NERC GloSAT project; and the contribution of many thousands of public volunteers. The dataset is provided under Open Government Licence." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 44582, "uuid": "9244f715ecfd4e74b0b6200de55e1b1a", "short_code": "ob", "title": "MIDAS Open: UK daily temperature data, v202507", "abstract": "The UK daily temperature data contain maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM, DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to 2024. For details on measurement techniques, including calibration information and changes in measurements, see section 5.2 of the MIDAS User Guide linked to from this record. Soil temperature data may be found in the UK soil temperature datasets linked from this record.\r\n\r\nThis version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024.\r\n\r\nThis dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily temperature observations within the full MIDAS collection." } }, { "ob_id": 1209, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44650, "uuid": "05fba4c5b8fe4daea8ff751026daf438", "short_code": "ob", "title": "The GEBCO_2025 Grid - a continuous terrain model for oceans and land at 15 arc-second intervals", "abstract": "The GEBCO_2025 Grid is a global continuous terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. In regions largely outside of the Arctic and Southern Ocean areas, the grid uses as a base Version 2.7 of the SRTM15_plus data set (Tozer et al., 2019). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. Included on top of this base grid are gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Regional Centers of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2025 Grid represents all data within the 2025 compilation. The compilation of the GEBCO_2025 Grid was carried out at the Seabed 2030 Global Center, hosted at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. Outside of Polar regions, the Regional Centers provide their data sets as sparse grids i.e. only grid cells that contain data are populated. These data sets were included on to the base using a 'remove-restore' blending procedure. This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the base grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing base grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the new and base data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. The data sets supplied in the form of complete grids (primarily areas north of 60N and south of 50S) were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software. The GEBCO_2025 Grid has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all. Funded by the Nippon Foundation, the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers include the Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany; Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand; Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University, USA; Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - jointly hosted at Stockholm University, Sweden and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire, USA." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43489, "uuid": "5ec6949356de45c2a3b3565d297a80fa", "short_code": "ob", "title": "The GEBCO_2024 Grid - a continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land", "abstract": "The GEBCO_2024 Grid is a global continuous terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. In regions largely outside of the Arctic Ocean area, the grid uses as a base Version 2.6 of the SRTM15_plus data set (Tozer et al, 2019). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. Included on top of this base grid are gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Regional Centers of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2024 Grid represents all data within the 2024 compilation. The compilation of the GEBCO_2024 Grid was carried out at the Seabed 2030 Global Center, hosted at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. Outside of Polar regions, the Regional Centers provide their data sets as sparse grids i.e. only grid cells that contain data are populated. These data sets were included on to the base using a ‘remove-restore’ blending procedure. This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the base grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing base grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the new and base data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. The data sets supplied in the form of complete grids (primarily areas north of 60N and south of 50S) were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software. The GEBCO_2024 Grid has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all. Funded by the Nippon Foundation, the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers include the Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany; Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand; Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University, USA; Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - jointly hosted at Stockholm University, Sweden and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire, USA." } }, { "ob_id": 1210, "relationType": "IsNewVersionOf", "subjectObservation": { "ob_id": 44650, "uuid": "05fba4c5b8fe4daea8ff751026daf438", "short_code": "ob", "title": "The GEBCO_2025 Grid - a continuous terrain model for oceans and land at 15 arc-second intervals", "abstract": "The GEBCO_2025 Grid is a global continuous terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. In regions largely outside of the Arctic and Southern Ocean areas, the grid uses as a base Version 2.7 of the SRTM15_plus data set (Tozer et al., 2019). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. Included on top of this base grid are gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Regional Centers of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2025 Grid represents all data within the 2025 compilation. The compilation of the GEBCO_2025 Grid was carried out at the Seabed 2030 Global Center, hosted at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. Outside of Polar regions, the Regional Centers provide their data sets as sparse grids i.e. only grid cells that contain data are populated. These data sets were included on to the base using a 'remove-restore' blending procedure. This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the base grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing base grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the new and base data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. The data sets supplied in the form of complete grids (primarily areas north of 60N and south of 50S) were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software. The GEBCO_2025 Grid has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all. Funded by the Nippon Foundation, the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers include the Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany; Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand; Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University, USA; Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - jointly hosted at Stockholm University, Sweden and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire, USA." }, "objectObservation": { "ob_id": 43504, "uuid": "591c8f9d03ea45ce9053a8d67d65eb56", "short_code": "ob", "title": "The GEBCO_2024 Grid Collection - a continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land", "abstract": "The GEBCO_2024 Grid Collection is a global continuous terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. The GEBCO_2024 Grid Collection comprises the following data types: the standard grid (ice surface elevation), the standard grid including sub-ice topography information for Greenland and Antarctica, and the Type Identifier Grid (TID). The Type Identifier Grid indicates the type of source data that the corresponding grid cell in the bathymetric grid is based on. The GEBCO_2024 Grid Collection also comprises all available data formats, including ESRI ASCII raster, GeoTIFF, and NetCDF. This data collection also contains the published and citable GEBCO_2024 grid (standard grid of ice surface elevation) available in NetCDF format. In regions largely outside of the Arctic Ocean area, the GEBCO_2024 grid uses as a base Version 2.6 of the SRTM15_plus data set (Tozer et al, 2019). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. Included on top of this base grid are gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Regional Centers of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2024 Grid represents all data within the 2024 compilation. The compilation of the GEBCO_2024 Grid was carried out at the Seabed 2030 Global Center, hosted at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. Outside of Polar regions, the Regional Centers provide their data sets as sparse grids i.e. only grid cells that contain data are populated. These data sets were included on to the base using a ‘remove-restore’ blending procedure. This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the base grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing base grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the new and base data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. The data sets supplied in the form of complete grids (primarily areas north of 60N and south of 50S) were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software. The GEBCO_2024 Grid has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all. Funded by the Nippon Foundation, the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers include the Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany; Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand; Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University, USA; Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - jointly hosted at Stockholm University, Sweden and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire, USA." } } ] }