Observation Instance

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    "uuid": "4fcad04a4a224601875df64ceef48e26",
    "title": "Auchencorth Moss Atmospheric Observatory (AU): Annual half-hourly meteorology since 1995, Near Edinburgh, UK - Version 2",
    "abstract": "This version 2 dataset includes annual files of half-hourly meteorological observations made at Auchencorth Moss Atmospheric Observatory, near Edinburgh, UK.   \r\n\r\nThe site was setup in 1995 to measure meteorology, trace gases, aerosols and their fluxes. It is (55ᵒ47’36” N, 3°14’41” W) an ombrotrophic peatland with an extensive fetch at an elevation of 270 m, lying 18 km SSW of Edinburgh, and can be categorised as a transitional lowland raised bog. The site is grazed with < 1 sheep per hectare.\r\nDuring 2000s the site activity has increased and was established in 2006 as EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Program, Level 2/3) supersite for the UK. Long term monitoring is led by NERC CEH with contributions from other organisations/research institutes including Ricardo AEA, BureauVeritas, NPL, the University of Birmingham and University of Edinburgh. In April 2014 the site was awarded WMO GAW regional station (World Meteorological Orgamisation Global Atmospheric Watch). In 2017 the site joined the ICOS network (Integrated Carbon Observation System).\r\nThe meteorological measurements were initially made to assist with interpretation of the fluxes and as such weren't installed with the intention of providing WMO standard measurements but since 2014 we have been moving towards these standards as well as enhancing instrumentation.\r\nFrom 1995 to 2023 the dataset includes the following parameters at half hourly intervals, although not every variable is available for the whole period:\r\n-T_upper_Avg - initially used to estimate senisble heat fluxes, fine wire type-E thermocouple.\r\n-T_lower_Avg - initially used to estimate senisble heat fluxes, fine wire type-E thermocouple.\r\n-T_RHT_Avg - Temperature measured by a Vailsala relative humidity and temperature probe.\r\n-RH_RHT_Avg - Relative humidity measured by a Vailsala relative humidity and temperature probe.\r\n-P_Avg - atmospheric pressure at the sites elevation.\r\n-Tot_Solar_Avg - Total solar radiation measured by a Skye SKS1110.\r\n-PAR_Avg - Photosynthetically Averaged Radiation measured by a Skye SKP215.\r\n-NetRad_Avg - Net radiation, Kipp & Zonen NrLite.\r\n-Rainfall - tipping bucket rainfall.\r\n-SoilTavg - Average soil temperature from four type-E thermocouple probes.\r\n-Soil Heat Flux - calculated from two measurements of soil heat flux with Hukseflux HFP01 plates, corrected to surface flux using the standard formula.\r\n-Cs = Bd(Cd+fSWC.Cw)\r\n-SC = DTs.Cs.d/Dtime\r\n-SHF = Plate Average + SC\r\n-DTs = change in average soil temperature from start to end of measurement period (first and last two minutes); d = plate depth 0.2 m; Bd = soil bulk density, 100 kg m-3; cd = Specific Heat Dry Soil, 840J kg-1 K-1; fSWC = fractional soil water content, measured or 0.9; cw = Specific Capacilty Heat of Water, 4190 J kg-1 K-1; Dtime = measurement period, 1800 s\r\n-Soil Moisture - soil water content measured with TDR probes, campbell CS616\r\n-WindSpd (measured) - measured by a Gill R3 then Windmaster sonic anemometer at 3.6 m\r\n-WindSpd 10 m - for most of the time period this is estimated from the turbulence measurements and 3.6 m windspeed but from 22/06/2016 a Gill Windsonic 2D anemeometer measures at 10 m\r\n-Wind Dir - measured by the sonic anemometer at 3.6 m\r\n-snow_depth_Avg - Campbell Scientific SR50A-L Sonic Ranging Sensor\r\n-Present Weather - Vaisala FD12P Present Weather Sensor\r\n-1 hr Past Weather - Vaisala FD12P Present Weather Sensor\r\n-Visibility - Vaisala FD12P Present Weather Sensor\r\n-Evaporation - to be estimated from the water-vapour flux measurements\r\n\r\nIn September 2025 the 1995-2023 data were revised to correct some errors in the original submission. These revised data are labelled version 2 and supercede the previous data.\r\n The key changes are:\r\n-\tSimplified data set with no fully gap-filled time series or modelled evaporation\r\n-\tSoil heat flux changed to measured average without storage correction (this is very uncertain on peat and caused spurious noise in the data)\r\n-\tWater table depth now reported in m, below the surface to match ICOS standards. Positive values indicate depth below the surface while negative values are above the surface\r\n\r\nIn November 2021 the site was officially labelled as an ICOS ecosystem station (https://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/stations/ES_UK-AMo) as part of this process the meteorological instruments and their data processing system were modified to comply with ICOS requirements. From 2024 the data submitted to CEDA is modified to align with this system. For continuity data from the same sensors are submitted but there are some modifications:\r\n\r\n•\tAir Temperature average (TA_4_1_1, oC); from Rotronic HC2S3 temperature/humidity probe in unventilated shield \r\n•\tRelative Humidity average (RH_4_1_1, %); from Rotronic HC2S3 temperature/humidity probe in unventilated shield \r\n•\tPressure average (PA_4_1_1, kPa); barometric pressure at the site's altitude from Vaisala PTB110\r\n•\tTotal incident solar radiation average (RG_4_1_0, Wm-2); Skye SKS1110 thermopile pyranometer\r\n•\tPhotosynthetically Active Radiation average (PPFD_IN_4_1_1, umolm-2s-1); Skye SKP215 thermopile sensor\r\n•\tNet radiation (RN_5_1_1, Wm-2); Kipp & Zonen NRLite2, compact sensor gives single output\r\n•\tRainfall (P_13_1_1, mm); ARG314 Tipping bucket measurement\r\n•\tSoil temperature average, (TS, oC), Campbell Scientific Type-E thermocouple averaging probes or average of readings from Campbell Scientific CS616 soil moisture sensors\r\n•\tSoil Heat Flux (G, Wm-2), average of flux monitoring plates at several locations, Hukseflux HFP01-SC\r\n•\tSoil water content (same as soil moisture) (SWC, %); average of TDR probes, Campbell CS616 at several locations\r\n•\tWind speed 10 m (WS_6_1_1, ms-1); Gill Windsonic 2D sonic anemometer installed at 10 m\r\n•\tWind direction (WD_6_1_1, oN); Gill Windsonic 2D sonic anemometer installed at 10 m\r\n•\tSnow depth (D_SNOW, m) sonic snow depth sensor, Campbell Scientifc SR50AH\r\n•\twater table depth, (WTD, m); Druck PCR 1830, distance to water table from the average surface level (negative above the surface)\r\n•\tPresent_Weather (WMO4680 Code – Biral VPF50 gapfilled with Vaisala FD12P PWS\r\n•\t1 hour Past Weather (1_hr_Past_Weather, WMO4680 Code) - Biral VPF50 gapfilled with Vaisala FD12P PWS\r\n•\tVisibility (Visibility, m) Optical measurement from Biral VPF50 gapfilled with Vaisala FD12P PWS scaled so to match the maximum from the Biral sensor",
    "keywords": "Auchencorth Moss, Meteorology, Temperature, Rainfall, Wind Speed, ICOS, ICOS-UK",
    "publicationState": "published",
    "dataPublishedTime": "2025-09-23T12:01:31",
    "doiPublishedTime": null,
    "updateFrequency": "annually",
    "status": "ongoing",
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