Project List

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            "ob_id": 4,
            "uuid": "fab53ee460e05f1b68e23657f4b6c5f4",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Met Office",
            "abstract": "The Met Office is the UK national meteorological service and one of the world's leading providers of environmental and weather-related services. Their solutions and services meet the needs of many communities of interest, from the general public, government and schools, through broadcasters and online media, to civil aviation and almost every other industry sector - in the UK and around the world. The Met Office headquarters are located in Exeter, UK. The Met Office makes a number of datasets available to the academic research community under the NERC - Met Office agreement. For further details of these datasets see the links to this record.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Met Office",
            "status": "ongoing",
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                {
                    "ob_id": 555,
                    "uuid": "f46cfa4784fb454e105f336981f1a82b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) System",
                    "abstract": "All forecasts, of whatever type, are ultimately based on the predictions from the Met Office suite of sophisticated atmospheric and oceanic models, run on their powerful supercomputer. This form of forecasting is known as numerical weather prediction (NWP). Numerical weather prediction (NWP) is the process of obtaining an objective forecast of the future state of the atmosphere by running a computer model. The Met Office Unified Model is run operationally, in a number of configurations, for weather forecasting at the Met Office."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 4405,
                    "uuid": "818e96fb071e65f0be661f45f0cf9a7a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office's MetDB system",
                    "abstract": "Since the early days of this century the Met Office has been responsible for maintaining the public memory of the weather. All meteorological observations made in the UK and over neighbouring sea areas have been carefully recorded and placed in an archive where they may be accessed today by those with an interest in the weather and where they will also be available to those in future generations. The MetDB database holds data including surface and upper air observations and some satellite data. These data are from a number of different message types covering data from land and ship surface data measurements through to upper air observations from wind profilers, radiosonde ascents and aircraft measurements and also satellite measurements. Data stored by the BADC in the MetDB database extends back to 2009."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5736,
                    "uuid": "ced06d1e5a8eacb69bf0029bf5f0e17a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office NIMROD Database",
                    "abstract": "The Met Office run the NIMROD system as a short-term forcasting tool, primarily used for collating observational data such as rain radar data from across Europe"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6095,
                    "uuid": "9540632d4581e44d748f4a25aa45d30c",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Wind Profiler data (1998-onwards)",
                    "abstract": "As part its Operational Upper Air Network the Met Office has a number of atmospheric wind profiling radars deployed around the British Isles. The network has been in operation since 1998 with wind profilers deployed at various sites over the years, including: Camborne (Cornwall), Dunkeswell (Devon) and Wattisham (Suffolk). A fourth profiler was formerly co-located with the NERC MST wind profiling radar at Capel Dewi, near Aberystwyth, before being relocatd to  South Uist and finally re-deployed on the Isle of Man. A fifth profiler was installed on South Uist in 2005. This is an Stratophere-Tropopshere (ST) radar operating at 64 Mhz, giving greater height coverage than the other UHF radars in the network. A sixth radar was installed at the Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire in December 2009. Data from NERC's MST radar (operating at 46.5 MHz) is also used by the Met Office to complement its own network - those data are also available at the BADC."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6300,
                    "uuid": "ae9d95078716251c53c396cf5b24941e",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office FAAM campaigns",
                    "abstract": "Met Office FAAM campaigns. These are funded solely by the Met Office rather than NERC/Met Office.\r\nThey include\r\nMARVAL - Maritime Validation - Met Office Defence flying off south coast"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11721,
                    "uuid": "41a90aee4ec7dfa1990a4922b929ae8b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Cyclone database Project",
                    "abstract": "Accurate prediction of severe weather events is a key Met Office goal. As cyclonic systems are responsible for the vast majority of these events, accurate cyclone prediction is also high priority. Although huge strides have been made in numerical weather prediction (NWP) in recent years, cyclonic systems continue to pose problems for numerical models.\r\nThree ‘exceptional’ depressions in the Christmas periods of 1997 and 1999, and another in early December 1999 were all poorly forecast by most of the world’s operational models, indicating that there is plenty of scope for improvement. The rationale for constructing a cyclone database (previously called the ‘Frontal Wave Database’) is described in\r\ndetail in Hewson (1998b). The main motivation was the identification and representation of systematic model biases in new formats which, from most practical perspectives, represent a notable improvement on more traditional r.m.s. error based statistics. Several other possible uses have arisen in the intervening period as covered in the project report linked from this record.\r\nEvidently improved knowledge of cyclone forecast characteristics will be valuable not only to the NWP community, but also to forecasting, in part because operational practice now involves using ‘Field Modification’ software to prepare forecast charts (Carroll, 1997), which can be used to correct for known biases.\r\nThe purpose of this report is to describe changes to the project since Hewson (1998b) (section 1.1), to outline the processing stages used to update the database (section 1.2), to describe database structure and list the current set of stored diagnostics (section 2), to pinpoint major problems encountered during the project (section 3), and indeed overall\r\nto provide sufficient information for interested parties to comprehend what the database includes and how it can be utilised. Figures from a limited initial analysis of the data are presented in section 4 of the project report."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12429,
                    "uuid": "9124ac0ba62d4c87990e0d5cd5c38f92",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office LIDARNET system",
                    "abstract": "Met Office operate a network of ceilometers from which they obtain both cloud base and backscatter information."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12695,
                    "uuid": "b0826e4a18934b9b8da28e3a505135dc",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) GPS system",
                    "abstract": "The Met Office operate a network of GPS receivers from which integrated water vapours data are collected over the UK as part of their operational forecasting system"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13005,
                    "uuid": "22f365d2006843c3b95ab89fe3fe0d24",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Upper Air Observations",
                    "abstract": "The Met Office operate a number of networks undertaking upper air observations including ceilometer, radiosonde and wind profiler networks"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13847,
                    "uuid": "15b9a832e8964cd89048b0005d3fc9bf",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Modelling",
                    "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19356,
                    "uuid": "640ebc68a38a4c44915fe4807b8dd00e",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Met. Research Flight (MRF) C-130 Sorties",
                    "abstract": "The Met. Research Flight (MRF) was a Met Office facility, which operated a well instrumented C-130 Hercules (also referred to as Mk.2 Hercules) aircraft for research purposes. The C-130 was in service from 1972 to 2001 and flew over 1800 research sorties. The large capacity and long endurance of this platform made it ideal for atmospheric research in the areas of cloud physics, atmospheric radiation, atmospheric chemistry, satellite activities, mesoscale meteorology and boundary layer studies."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1186,
                    "uuid": "245df050d57a500c183b88df509f5f5a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS)",
                    "abstract": "Since the early days of this century the Met Office has been responsible for maintaining the public memory of the weather. All meteorological observations made in the UK and over neighbouring sea areas have been carefully recorded and placed in an archive where they may be accessed today by those with an interest in the weather and where they will also be available to those in future generations. The current climate database is MIDAS (Met Office Integrated Data Archive System) which has a relational structure. The MIDAS database contains the following general types of meteorological data: surface observations over land areas of the UK as far back as the digital record extends, a selection of global surface observations for the last 20 years, global surface marine observations from national and international sources as far back as the digital record extends, radiosonde observations over the UK, and at overseas stations operated by the Met Office, as far back as the digital record extends, a selection of global radiosonde observations for the last 10 years."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13164,
                    "uuid": "ce252c81a7bd4717834055e31716b265",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Observations and Climate",
                    "abstract": "The Met Office Hadley Centre is one of the UK's foremost climate change research centres.\r\n\r\nThe Hadley Centre produces world-class guidance on the science of climate change and provide a focus in the UK for the scientific issues associated with climate science.\r\n\r\nLargely co-funded by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Defra (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the centre provides in-depth information to, and advise, the Government on climate science issues.\r\n\r\nAs one of the world's leading centres for climate science research, the Hadley Centre scientists make significant contributions to peer-reviewed literature and to a variety of climate science reports, including the Assessment Report of the IPCC. The Hadley Centre climate projections were the basis for the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change."
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            "uuid": "ab4ca8d019d148f78afba1cd20872bdd",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3)",
            "abstract": "The OP3 project aims to quantify the emissions of trace gases from tropical forest, and study their contribution to the formation of oxidants and secondary particulate matter in a nearly undisturbed South-East Asian tropical environment. This will lead to better understanding of the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale composition, chemistry and climate. Measurement campaigns will take place at the Danum Valley Field Centre in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo integrating ground-based, aircraft and satellite observations.\r\n\r\nWithin OP3 the CEH Biogeochemistry Science Programme is combining its expertise in the measurement of biosphere/ atmosphere exchange processes with the air chemistry expertise of eight UK Universities (Lancaster, Manchester, Leicester, East Anglia, Cambridge, Leeds, York and Edinburgh).\r\n\r\nCEH scientists contribute to OP3 through the measurement of emissions and deposition of biological particles, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen compounds (such as ammonia, nitrogen oxides and aerosol ammonium nitrate), greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide) and ozone, both above and within the tree canopy.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster) with 23 co-investigators from eight institutions including a team of CEH scientists. OP3 funded by a NERC Consortium Grant runs between 2007-2010, with measurement campaigns planned between spring and autumn of 2008. ",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                    "ob_id": 154,
                    "uuid": "180b40e73cc6910bda5e6a6cd9518e88",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-3) Project",
                    "abstract": "OP3-3 was the  ground field campaign that took place at Danum Valley from 21st June - 27th July 2008"
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                    "ob_id": 227,
                    "uuid": "883ddef4f7f4caf974e117cf3b69a4b0",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "OP3-2-ACES",
                    "abstract": "OP3-2-aces was the ground field campaign from  10th May - 12th based at the Sabahmas Estate oil plantation, which was part of the APPRAISE funded ACES project."
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                    "uuid": "f1de8b892d4093efb05caaba735a03c7",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-1) Project",
                    "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-1) Project was the first ground field campaign that took place at Danum Valley from 6th April - 4th May 2008"
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                    "title": "OP3 Project: Airborne and Ground-based Meteorological Instruments Records as part of the Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest",
                    "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-Danum-08) is a 3-year Consortium Grant of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), beginning 1 October 2007.\r\n\r\nThe OP3-Danum-08 consortium consists of 23 PIs and co-PIs from eight UK institutions (seven Universities and one NERC laboratory), plus partners from the Malaysian Meteorological Department, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Yayasan Sabah and USA. The project will utillize the NERC Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements reaserch aircraft ( FAAM) and a Global Atmosheric Watch station , with 100m research tower, in an undisturbed rainforest in Sabah Malaysia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the OP3-Danum-08 project are (i) to understand how emissions of reactive trace gases from a tropical rain forest mediate the production and processing of oxidants and particles in the troposphere, and (ii) to better understand the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale atmospheric composition, chemistry and climate.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe field campaign phase of the project consists of 2 separate ground-based measurement periods at the Danum Valley Research centre (7th April - 4th May 2008 and 21st June - 27th July 2008). The second of these campaigns will involve concurrent observations above the ground based site aboard the FAAM BAe 146 aircraft, a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). There was also a ground based measurement period from 10th May - 12th June based at the Sabahmas Estate oil plantation, which was part of the APPRAISE funded ACES project. Data from all 4 parts of the project can be found in the OP3 archive.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster)"
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            "uuid": "f1de8b892d4093efb05caaba735a03c7",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-1) Project",
            "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-1) Project was the first ground field campaign that took place at Danum Valley from 6th April - 4th May 2008",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 50,
                "uuid": "ab4ca8d019d148f78afba1cd20872bdd",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3)",
                "abstract": "The OP3 project aims to quantify the emissions of trace gases from tropical forest, and study their contribution to the formation of oxidants and secondary particulate matter in a nearly undisturbed South-East Asian tropical environment. This will lead to better understanding of the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale composition, chemistry and climate. Measurement campaigns will take place at the Danum Valley Field Centre in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo integrating ground-based, aircraft and satellite observations.\r\n\r\nWithin OP3 the CEH Biogeochemistry Science Programme is combining its expertise in the measurement of biosphere/ atmosphere exchange processes with the air chemistry expertise of eight UK Universities (Lancaster, Manchester, Leicester, East Anglia, Cambridge, Leeds, York and Edinburgh).\r\n\r\nCEH scientists contribute to OP3 through the measurement of emissions and deposition of biological particles, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen compounds (such as ammonia, nitrogen oxides and aerosol ammonium nitrate), greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide) and ozone, both above and within the tree canopy.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster) with 23 co-investigators from eight institutions including a team of CEH scientists. OP3 funded by a NERC Consortium Grant runs between 2007-2010, with measurement campaigns planned between spring and autumn of 2008. "
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "OP3 Project: Airborne and Ground-based Meteorological Instruments Records as part of the Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest",
                    "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-Danum-08) is a 3-year Consortium Grant of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), beginning 1 October 2007.\r\n\r\nThe OP3-Danum-08 consortium consists of 23 PIs and co-PIs from eight UK institutions (seven Universities and one NERC laboratory), plus partners from the Malaysian Meteorological Department, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Yayasan Sabah and USA. The project will utillize the NERC Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements reaserch aircraft ( FAAM) and a Global Atmosheric Watch station , with 100m research tower, in an undisturbed rainforest in Sabah Malaysia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the OP3-Danum-08 project are (i) to understand how emissions of reactive trace gases from a tropical rain forest mediate the production and processing of oxidants and particles in the troposphere, and (ii) to better understand the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale atmospheric composition, chemistry and climate.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe field campaign phase of the project consists of 2 separate ground-based measurement periods at the Danum Valley Research centre (7th April - 4th May 2008 and 21st June - 27th July 2008). The second of these campaigns will involve concurrent observations above the ground based site aboard the FAAM BAe 146 aircraft, a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). There was also a ground based measurement period from 10th May - 12th June based at the Sabahmas Estate oil plantation, which was part of the APPRAISE funded ACES project. Data from all 4 parts of the project can be found in the OP3 archive.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster)"
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            "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-3) Project",
            "abstract": "OP3-3 was the  ground field campaign that took place at Danum Valley from 21st June - 27th July 2008",
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                "uuid": "ab4ca8d019d148f78afba1cd20872bdd",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3)",
                "abstract": "The OP3 project aims to quantify the emissions of trace gases from tropical forest, and study their contribution to the formation of oxidants and secondary particulate matter in a nearly undisturbed South-East Asian tropical environment. This will lead to better understanding of the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale composition, chemistry and climate. Measurement campaigns will take place at the Danum Valley Field Centre in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo integrating ground-based, aircraft and satellite observations.\r\n\r\nWithin OP3 the CEH Biogeochemistry Science Programme is combining its expertise in the measurement of biosphere/ atmosphere exchange processes with the air chemistry expertise of eight UK Universities (Lancaster, Manchester, Leicester, East Anglia, Cambridge, Leeds, York and Edinburgh).\r\n\r\nCEH scientists contribute to OP3 through the measurement of emissions and deposition of biological particles, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen compounds (such as ammonia, nitrogen oxides and aerosol ammonium nitrate), greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide) and ozone, both above and within the tree canopy.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster) with 23 co-investigators from eight institutions including a team of CEH scientists. OP3 funded by a NERC Consortium Grant runs between 2007-2010, with measurement campaigns planned between spring and autumn of 2008. "
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                    "title": "OP3 Project: Airborne and Ground-based Meteorological Instruments Records as part of the Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest",
                    "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-Danum-08) is a 3-year Consortium Grant of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), beginning 1 October 2007.\r\n\r\nThe OP3-Danum-08 consortium consists of 23 PIs and co-PIs from eight UK institutions (seven Universities and one NERC laboratory), plus partners from the Malaysian Meteorological Department, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Yayasan Sabah and USA. The project will utillize the NERC Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements reaserch aircraft ( FAAM) and a Global Atmosheric Watch station , with 100m research tower, in an undisturbed rainforest in Sabah Malaysia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the OP3-Danum-08 project are (i) to understand how emissions of reactive trace gases from a tropical rain forest mediate the production and processing of oxidants and particles in the troposphere, and (ii) to better understand the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale atmospheric composition, chemistry and climate.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe field campaign phase of the project consists of 2 separate ground-based measurement periods at the Danum Valley Research centre (7th April - 4th May 2008 and 21st June - 27th July 2008). The second of these campaigns will involve concurrent observations above the ground based site aboard the FAAM BAe 146 aircraft, a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). There was also a ground based measurement period from 10th May - 12th June based at the Sabahmas Estate oil plantation, which was part of the APPRAISE funded ACES project. Data from all 4 parts of the project can be found in the OP3 archive.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster)"
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                    "title": "OP3 Project: Airborne and Ground-based Meteorological Instruments Records as part of the Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest",
                    "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-Danum-08) is a 3-year Consortium Grant of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), beginning 1 October 2007.\r\n\r\nThe OP3-Danum-08 consortium consists of 23 PIs and co-PIs from eight UK institutions (seven Universities and one NERC laboratory), plus partners from the Malaysian Meteorological Department, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Yayasan Sabah and USA. The project will utillize the NERC Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements reaserch aircraft ( FAAM) and a Global Atmosheric Watch station , with 100m research tower, in an undisturbed rainforest in Sabah Malaysia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the OP3-Danum-08 project are (i) to understand how emissions of reactive trace gases from a tropical rain forest mediate the production and processing of oxidants and particles in the troposphere, and (ii) to better understand the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale atmospheric composition, chemistry and climate.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe field campaign phase of the project consists of 2 separate ground-based measurement periods at the Danum Valley Research centre (7th April - 4th May 2008 and 21st June - 27th July 2008). The second of these campaigns will involve concurrent observations above the ground based site aboard the FAAM BAe 146 aircraft, a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). There was also a ground based measurement period from 10th May - 12th June based at the Sabahmas Estate oil plantation, which was part of the APPRAISE funded ACES project. Data from all 4 parts of the project can be found in the OP3 archive.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster)"
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        {
            "ob_id": 233,
            "uuid": "c5b2ab7f5d6957854ead3859905f6e62",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "OP3-aircraft",
            "abstract": "This activity refers to concurrent observations above the ground based site aboard the FAAM BAe 146 aircraft, a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). OP3-aircaft activity took palce from 21st June to 27th July 2008",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                {
                    "ob_id": 47,
                    "uuid": "9279c7e807a2ef0eb78a03c3821e62c4",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "OP3 Project: Airborne and Ground-based Meteorological Instruments Records as part of the Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest",
                    "abstract": "Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes above a South-East Asian tropical rain forest (OP3-Danum-08) is a 3-year Consortium Grant of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), beginning 1 October 2007.\r\n\r\nThe OP3-Danum-08 consortium consists of 23 PIs and co-PIs from eight UK institutions (seven Universities and one NERC laboratory), plus partners from the Malaysian Meteorological Department, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Yayasan Sabah and USA. The project will utillize the NERC Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements reaserch aircraft ( FAAM) and a Global Atmosheric Watch station , with 100m research tower, in an undisturbed rainforest in Sabah Malaysia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of the OP3-Danum-08 project are (i) to understand how emissions of reactive trace gases from a tropical rain forest mediate the production and processing of oxidants and particles in the troposphere, and (ii) to better understand the impact of these processes on local, regional and global scale atmospheric composition, chemistry and climate.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe field campaign phase of the project consists of 2 separate ground-based measurement periods at the Danum Valley Research centre (7th April - 4th May 2008 and 21st June - 27th July 2008). The second of these campaigns will involve concurrent observations above the ground based site aboard the FAAM BAe 146 aircraft, a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). There was also a ground based measurement period from 10th May - 12th June based at the Sabahmas Estate oil plantation, which was part of the APPRAISE funded ACES project. Data from all 4 parts of the project can be found in the OP3 archive.\r\n\r\nThe OP3 project is led by Professor Nick Hewitt (University of Lancaster)"
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            "ob_id": 340,
            "uuid": "d046d5756eec046305e55e381d81b7e7",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO)",
            "abstract": "A US-led international project to study trade wind cumulus clouds in the Caribbean. The main objective was to characterise and understand the properties of trade wind cumulus at all scales, with particular emphasis on understanding the warm rain process and determining its importance. The field campaign took place near Antigua and Barbuda from the 17th of November 2004 to the 24th of January 2005. The UK participation to RICO involved ground-based measurements and the use of the FAAM aircraft based at Antigua, from the 5th to the 28th of January 2005.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "RICO, FAAM, Precipitation, Wind, CLouds",
            "status": "completed",
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                    "uuid": "93b710753c2da8e02b19518bd0dce2a6",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) Project",
                    "abstract": "The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) was a US-led international project to study trade wind cumulus clouds in the Caribbean. The main objective was to characterise and understand the properties of trade wind cumulus at all scales, with particular emphasis on understanding the warm rain process and determining its importance. The field campaign took place near Antigua and Barbuda from the 17th of November 2004 to the 24th of January 2005. The UK participation to RICO involved ground-based measurements and the use of the FAAM aircraft based at Antigua, from the 5th to the 28th of January 2005."
                }
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            "uuid": "5b9dbe341d2fb169922d36e7c0cf8805",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "The World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3)",
            "abstract": "In response to a proposed activity of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), PCMDI volunteered to collect model output contributed by leading modelling centres around the world. Climate model output from simulations of the past, present and future climate was collected by PCMDI mostly during the years 2005 and 2006, and this archived data constitutes phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). In part, the WGCM organized this activity to enable those outside the major modelling centres to perform research of relevance to climate scientists preparing the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC was established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Program to assess scientific information on climate change. The IPCC publishes reports that summarize the state of the science.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "CMIP, IPCC, WCRP",
            "status": "",
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                    "uuid": "b46c58786d3e5a3f985043166aeb862d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) combines a number of climate simulations from the pre-industrial period until the end of the 21st Century, and satellite data, to investigate the evolution and distribution of short-lived, chemically-active climate forcing agents, and ozone changes, for a range of scenarios."
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                    "title": "The World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model dataset",
                    "abstract": "Under the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the Working Group on Cloupled Modelling (WGCM) established the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) as a standard experimental protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). CMIP provides a community-based infrastructure in support of climate model diagnosis, validation, intercomparison, documentation and data access. This framework enables a diverse community of scientists to analyze GCMs in a systematic fashion, a process which serves to facilitate model improvement.\r\n\r\nThe Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) archives much of the CMIP data. Part of the CMIP archive constitutes phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), a collection of climate model output from simulations of the past, present and future climate.\r\n\r\nThis unprecedented collection of recent model output is officially known as the \"WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset\". It is meant to serve the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Working Group 1, which focuses on the physical climate system -- atmosphere, land surface, ocean and sea ice -- and the choice of variables archived reflects this focus. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Program to assess scientific information on climate change. The IPCC publishes reports that summarize the state of the science.\r\n\r\nThe research based on this dataset provided much of the new material underlying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)."
                }
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                310,
                311
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            "ob_id": 456,
            "uuid": "4dc6e00a11f3c86bee4161b14470199f",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
            "abstract": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s mission is to pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 3618,
                    "uuid": "02c2212b02f8b8ce709f6b62503d124c",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NASA Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)",
                    "abstract": "The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment was designed around three Earth-orbiting satellites: the NASA Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), and two NOAA satellites. The data from these satellites were used to study the radiation budget, which represents the balance between incoming energy from the Sun and outgoing thermal (longwave) and reflected (shortwave) energy from the Earth. The Earth's radiation budget is the primary indicator of global climate change. The absorbed shortwave radiation (incident minus reflected) fuels the earth's climate and biosphere systems. The longwave radiation represents the exhaust heat emitted to space. It can be used to estimate the insulating effect of the atmosphere (the greenhouse effect). It was also a useful indicator of cloud amount and activity. Consequently the ERBE has helped scientists worldwide better understand how clouds and aerosols, as well as some chemical compounds in the atmosphere (greenhouse gases), affect the Earth's daily and long-term weather (the Earth's climate). In addition, the ERBE data has helped scientists better understand how the amount of energy emitted by the Earth varies from day to night. These diurnal changes are also very important aspects of our daily weather and climate.\r\n\r\nIn the 1970's, NASA recognised the importance of the radiation budget and its effects on the Earth's climate. Langley Research Centre was charged with developing a new generation of instrumentation to make accurate regional and global measurements of the components of the radiation budget. The Goddard Space Flight Centre built the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) on which the first ERBE instruments were launched by the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984. ERBE instruments were also launched on two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather monitoring satellites; NOAA 9 and NOAA 10, in 1984 and 1986.\r\n\r\nThe ERBE instrument aboard ERBS, launched from the Space Shuttle Challenger in October 1984 (STS-41G), had the main aim of providing accurate measurements of incoming solar energy and shortwave and longwave radiation reflected or emitted from the Earth back into space. The other goals of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are:\r\n\r\n-to understand the radiation balance between the Sun, Earth, atmosphere and space which drives our weather and climate system.\r\n-to establish an accurate, long-term baseline dataset for studying climate system changes.\r\n\r\nAll of the initial goals were meet, and the ERBE instrument continues to provide valuable data. Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data are fundamental to the development of realistic climate models and for studying natural and anthropogenic perturbations of the climate system.\r\n\r\nThis CD-ROM contains data and colour images from scanning radiometers on the three ERBE satellites and for combined satellite cases. The CD-ROM is written using the ISO-9660 standard. Monthly average values are included for the time periods during which the scanners were operational."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1633,
                    "uuid": "aad511cec6c8ba768096d4c0db885045",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NASA Mission to Planet Earth program (MTPE)",
                    "abstract": "NASA's Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) is dedicated to understanding the total Earth system and the effects of natural and human-induced changes on the global environment. The MTPE Enterprise is pioneering the new discipline of Earth system science, with a near-term emphasis on global climate change. Space-based and in situ capabilities presently being used or developed yield new scientific understanding and practical benefits to the Nation."
                }
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                    "ob_id": 453,
                    "uuid": "80cbbbead55a6e83e9646ecacf9ffb5e",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) - CD-ROM's (version 7): Global Total Column Ozone Measurements",
                    "abstract": "The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) is an instrument built and operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The instrument uses backscattered ultraviolet radiance to infer total column ozone measurements. The data consists of daily gridded averages of total ozone covering the entire globe. The original Nimbus-7 TOMS operated from November 1978 until May 1993. Meteor-3 TOMS was launched in August 1991 and operated until December 1994. These CDs contain the total ozone and UV radiance data."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 4099,
                    "uuid": "647386c0a0fcd1db244e14fbb689e9be",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI): Global Daily Gridded Averaged of Total Column Ozone, Aerosol and Reflectivity Images",
                    "abstract": "The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) is an instrument built and operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The instrument uses backscattered ultraviolet radiance to infer total column ozone measurements. The data consists of daily gridded averages of total ozone covering the entire globe. The original Nimbus-7 TOMS operated from November 1978 until May 1993. Meteor-3 TOMS was launched in August 1991 and operated until December 1994.\r\n\r\nAfter a gap of one and a half years, two new TOMS instruments began operation in 1996: Earth-Probe TOMS was launched on 2nd July 1996 and started to produce data on 25th July. ADEOS TOMS was launched on 17th August 1996 and started producing data on 11th September. The satellites were originally placed in different orbits, giving complete global coverage with the ADEOS data, while Earth-Probe had complete coverage at the poles with an increased ability to measure UV-absorbing aerosols in the troposphere. ADEOS failed in June 1997 and Earth-Probe was subsequently placed in a higher orbit to give global coverage.\r\n\r\nOn Saturday, december 2, 2006, contact with Earth Probe was lost. There has been no communication with the spacecraft since. The spacecraft is intact and Earth-oriented which mean that it is still operational and maintaining attitude. On Wednesday December 6, the spacecraft was commanded to go to SAFE mode, in which it points at the sun, which will maintain power indefinitely. The spacecraft is now sun-pointing, indicating that the receiver and processor are working. Earth Probe has been operating on its backup transmitter since 1998 when the primary failed. The operations team tried to switching to the zenith antenna in hopes that the problem was the nadir antenna, but still no signal was received. This likely means that the transmitter has failed. At this point the probability of recovering looks poor but the Earth Probe team is still trying.\r\n\r\nBefore contact was lost with Earth Probe, there were calibration problems with EP TOMS and so in the view of the good performance of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the AURA spacecraft, OMI data of ozone are now available for the entire OMI mission beginning with August 17, 2004 through the most recent data.\r\n\r\nIn addition to ozone data, OMI data for aerosol and reflectivity are available from August 17, 2004; images are available from here.\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5900,
                    "uuid": "4be22f465e970f2ef8423bcaf3272bf6",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement II (SAM II): Polar Arctic and Antarctic Aerosol Extinction Profiles",
                    "abstract": "The SAM II instrument, aboard the Earth-orbiting Nimbus 7 spacecraft, was designed to measure solar irradiance attenuated by aerosol particles in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere.  The scientific objective of the SAM II experiment was to develop a stratospheric aerosol database for the polar regions by measuring and mapping vertical profiles of the atmospheric extinction due to aerosols.  This database allows for studies of aerosol changes due to seasonal and short-term meteorological variations, atmospheric chemistry, cloud microphysics, and volcanic activity and other perturbations. The results obtained are useful in a number of applications, particularly the evaluation of any potential climatic effect caused by stratospheric aerosols.\r\n\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains 14 years of polar Arctic and Antarctic aerosol extinction profiles, atmospheric temperature and pressure data obtained from the Stratospheric Aerosol Instrument II (SAM II) on the NIMBUS 7 satellite. "
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6593,
                    "uuid": "de74f2c86a51acc13b45806d85646512",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Limb Infra-red Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) Instrument: Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Concentration of Ozone, Water Vapour, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Nitric Acid",
                    "abstract": "Infrared radiances from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) instrument, mounted on the Nimbus-7 satellite, were stored on a Radiance Archive Tape (RAT). RAT data was used to derive a series of products, two of which are held here. Firstly, the LIMS Inverted Profile Archival Tape (LAIPAT). This dataset contains radiances (from RAT), which are used to derive daily inverted profiles of temperature, and mixing ratios, water vapour, nitric acid, and nitrogen dioxide. Profiles are geolocated. Secondly, the LIMS Map Archival Tape (LAMAT). This dataset is processed to create daily maps in the form of Fourier coefficients for each parameter at 18 pressure levels (from 0.05 to 100 mbar). Data are organised into 38 4 deg. latitude bands. Data for the daily maps are interpolated to the two synoptic time (0000 GMT for night and 1200 GMT for day). Also included is the day/night combined (averaged) data. This dataset is public. Please note that a major reprocessing of the Nimbus 7 LIMS data has recently been completed. The purpose of this activity is to take advantage of the changes in the spectral line parameters that have occurred since the original archived version was created and to generate a data version that is compatible with the UARS data sets. Improvements in the algorithm have also been made. More information is available from the LIMS homepage at http://lims.gats-inc.com/ and version 6 data can be downloaded from GES DAAC."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                339,
                340
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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        {
            "ob_id": 474,
            "uuid": "8cc08263bbbc12e098c3294df8b1bcf0",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEX)",
            "abstract": "IASI, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, was launched on METOP, a European meteorological polar-orbiting satellite, in October 2006. (Delayed from April 2006). Funded by EUMETSAT, the Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEX) used the FAAM BAe146 aircraft in validation studies of IASI radiative transfer and some level 2 products.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": " JAIVEX, FAAM, Meteorology",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
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                    "ob_id": 471,
                    "uuid": "cb6893d2503e061a1d194915dc65bde8",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric measurements (FAAM) - Joint Airborne IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) Validation Experiment (JAIVEX) Measurements",
                    "abstract": "The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument was launched on the METOP satellite in October 2006 (delayed from April 2006). The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Eumetsat) is providing funds for the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement (FAAM) aircraft BAe146 to be involved in validation of IASI radiative transfer and some level 2 products. Flights were flown over oceans to coincide with METOP satellite overpasses. Further flights were flown low level over specific land calibration sites to characterise land surface emissivity. There were co-incident flights with other platforms including US ER-2 or Proteus aircraft and French high altitude balloon. This dataset contains FAAM flight tracks and flight summaries, it does not, however, contain data collected by IASI on the Metop satellite."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                354,
                355,
                9075
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                1330
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        {
            "ob_id": 555,
            "uuid": "f46cfa4784fb454e105f336981f1a82b",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Met Office Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) System",
            "abstract": "All forecasts, of whatever type, are ultimately based on the predictions from the Met Office suite of sophisticated atmospheric and oceanic models, run on their powerful supercomputer. This form of forecasting is known as numerical weather prediction (NWP). Numerical weather prediction (NWP) is the process of obtaining an objective forecast of the future state of the atmosphere by running a computer model. The Met Office Unified Model is run operationally, in a number of configurations, for weather forecasting at the Met Office.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Numerical Weather Prediction, NWP, Met Office, model, forecast",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 4,
                "uuid": "fab53ee460e05f1b68e23657f4b6c5f4",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Met Office",
                "abstract": "The Met Office is the UK national meteorological service and one of the world's leading providers of environmental and weather-related services. Their solutions and services meet the needs of many communities of interest, from the general public, government and schools, through broadcasters and online media, to civil aviation and almost every other industry sector - in the UK and around the world. The Met Office headquarters are located in Exeter, UK. The Met Office makes a number of datasets available to the academic research community under the NERC - Met Office agreement. For further details of these datasets see the links to this record."
            },
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 3939,
                    "uuid": "41f061e11217e549a498971725e90520",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Output from the Global Atmospheric Part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM)",
                    "abstract": "This dataset contains operational NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) output from the global atmospheric part of the Met Office global atmospheric Unified Model.\r\n\r\nThe Met Office Unified Model is the numerical modelling system developed and used at the Met Office (it is run operationally for weather forecasting). It is 'seamless' in that different configurations of the same model are used across all time and space scales.\r\n\r\nThis model can produce several datasets of which CEDA holds the following:\r\n\r\n    Met Office Global Atmospheric Model data\r\n    Met Office North Atlantic/European (NAE) Mesoscale Model data \r\n\r\nThe Met Office Global Atmospheric Model has 25 km resolution with 70 vertical levels. It Covers the entire globe and 144 hours in the future twice a day. The Global model provides boundary information for the NAE model, for which additional shorter runs (48 hours) are produced twice a day. The model is kept close to the real atmosphere using hybrid 4D-Var data assimilation of observations. 17km resolution with 70 vertical levels is now also available.\r\n\r\nAnalyses and first forecast steps are stored to give a time resolution of 1 hour up to 6 hours after each analysis timestep.\r\n\r\nThe NWP global output archive starts on 1 January 2012, and is ongoing. "
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14567,
                    "uuid": "4d6f884bf7cf46df8950b1b570fe8453",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "NWP-Euro: Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) output from the European Atmospheric High Resolution Model; part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM)",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains model data from the Met Office Unified Model (UM) operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) European high resolution model.  This is a regional downscaled configuration of the Unified Model, covering a European domain, with hourly forecast data covering the period T+1 to T+54 hours. With a resolution of approximately 0.04 degrees it is able to produce selected hourly data covering the first 48 hours at surface level and at standard pressure levels four times a day. The model’s initial state is kept close to the real atmosphere by starting from a downscaled global starting condition.\r\n\r\nThis archive currently holds data from April 2016 onwards but data will be back populated for earlier years."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 552,
                    "uuid": "b0e740cdd68b13f6462f6d5d1a68092e",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office Cyclone database",
                    "abstract": "Data from the Met Office's Cyclone Database, consisting of flat files from the database covering 2000-2005 with associated charts. The database holds lists of cyclones, their types and structural information about each cyclone and associated features as derived from analysis of the UK Met Office Unified Model.\r\n\r\nAccurate prediction of severe weather events is a key Met Office goal. As cyclonic systems are responsible for the vast majority of these events, accurate cyclone prediction is also high priority. Although huge strides have been made in numerical weather prediction (NWP) in recent years, cyclonic systems continue to pose problems for numerical models.\r\n\r\nThree \"exceptional\" depressions in the Christmas periods of 1997 and 1999, and another in early December 1999 were all poorly forecast by most of the world's operational models, indicating that there is plenty of scope for improvement. The rationale for constructing a cyclone database (previously called the \"Frontal Wave Database\") is described in detail in Hewson (1998b). The main motivation was the identification and representation of systematic model biases in new formats which, from most practical perspectives, represent a notable improvement on more traditional r.m.s. error based statistics. Evidently improved knowledge of cyclone forecast characteristics will be valuable not only to the NWP community, but also to forecasting, in part because operational practice now involves using \"Field Modification\" software to prepare forecast charts (Carroll, 1997), which can be used to correct for known biases."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14570,
                    "uuid": "e4ac04e7fa2541278ad4ad06fb4fd5f3",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "NWP-Global: Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) output from the UK Met Office Global Atmospheric Unified Model (UM)",
                    "abstract": "A global configuration of the Met Office Unified Model provides the most accurate short range deterministic forecast by any national meteorological service covering a six day period. With a resolution of approximately 0.234 x 0.153 degrees, it is able to produce selected hourly data covering the first 48 hours at surface level and at standard pressure levels twice a day. The model’s initial state is kept close to the real atmosphere using hybrid 4D-Var data assimilation.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains model data from the Met Office Unified Model (UM) operational Global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model. The archive currently holds data from April 2016 onwards but data will be back populated for earlier years."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14571,
                    "uuid": "78f23c539d304591b137cf986b69a525",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "NWP-UKV: Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) output from the UK Met Office UK Atmospheric High Resolution Unified Model (UM)",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains model data from the Met Office Unified Model (UM) operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) UK high resolution model.  \r\n\r\nA post processed regional downscaled configuration of the Unified Model, covering the UK and Ireland, is used with hourly forecast data covering the period T+0 to T+120 hours. With a resolution of approximately 0.018 degrees it is able to produce hourly data at surface level and at standard pressure levels up to eight times a day. The model’s initial state is kept close to the real atmosphere using incremental 3D-Var data assimilation.\r\n\r\nThis archive currently holds data from April 2016 onwards but data will be back populated for earlier years."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 7215,
                    "uuid": "104e586395d1cc4af88f5b69d5501745",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office Unified Model (UM) Operational Output (October 2000 - January 2012)",
                    "abstract": "The Unified Model is the name given to the suite of atmospheric and oceanic numerical modelling software developed and used at the Met Office. The formulation of the model supports global and regional domains and is applicable to a wide range of temporal and spatial scales that allow it to be used for both numerical weather prediction and climate modelling as well as a variety of related research activities. The Unified Model was introduced into operational service in 1991. Since then, both its formulation and capabilities have been substantially enhanced.\r\n\r\nData from the operational NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) output from the Met Office Unified Model. These data are from both the Global and the North Atlantic European (NAE) part of the model. The NAE model runs on a grid centred around the UK. Analyses and intermediate forecast steps are stored to give an hourly time resolution for 6 hours following each analysis time-step. This archive only holds data to January 2012. A new NWP archive is being populated with data from January 2012. The dataset starts on 23 October 2000, and is ongoing. Around 1.6Gb of data are stored for each day.\r\n\r\nAnalysis fields at 0,6,12,18Z are stored, along with all of the forecast fields from 1-6 hours from each analysis time.\r\n\r\nMesoscale : lb[a,f][m,p]yyyymmddhh_STASHCODE_fh.pp\r\n\r\nGlobal: ag[a,f][m,p]yyyymmddhh_STASHCODE_fh.pp\r\n\r\nwhere yyyymmddhh is the year, month,day and assimilation time, STASHCODE is the STASHMASTER parameter code, fh is the forecast timestep (from the assimilation time), and pp indicates that the files are in binary \"pp\" format.\r\n\r\nThe directory structure has also been changed to bring it in line with the BADC ECMWF holdings. The mesoscale files and global data are now stored under:\r\n/badc/ukmo-um/data/meso/lb/a[m,p] for the analysis fields\r\n/badc/ukmo-um/data/meso/lb/f[m,p] for the forecast fields\r\n/badc/ukmo-um/data/global/ag/a[m,p] for the analysis fields\r\n/badc/ukmo-um/data/global/ag/f[m,p] for the forecast fields\r\nPre-2004 data are still available in the old format under /badc/ukmo-um/data/mesocale/[sm,mm] and /badc/ukmo-um/data/global/[mg,sg], although these will be phased out as the data are archived in the newer format.\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1872,
                    "uuid": "267264a0036052fe71f5f25e384f0339",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) Charts Collection 1999 to present.",
                    "abstract": "UK Met Office charts analyses pertaining to Mean Surface Level Pressure and 24 hour Weather Frontal Forecasting for the UK and Western Europe (see chart samples below). The charts have been produced by two systems at the Met Office and so are provided in two distinct datasets within this collection. The first set was delivered by the Met Office's GPCS Commercial Suite and covers the period 7th June 1999 to 24th June 2014. At this point the Met Office turned off that service and switched to providing images produced by the Met Office's SWIFT system using VisualWeather. These later data cover the period 30th June 2015 to present, though initially with some data gaps."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1042,
                    "uuid": "220f1c04ffe39af29233b78c2cf2699a",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Output from the North Atlantic European (NAE) Part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM)",
                    "abstract": "Data from the operational NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) output from the North Atlantic European (NAE) part of the Met Office Unified Model. The NAE model runs on a grid centred around the UK. Analyses and first forecast steps are stored to give an hourly resolution for 6 hours following each analysis time-step. This archive currently holds data from January 2012 onwards but data will be back populated for earlier years."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 3811,
                    "uuid": "aa1dc1294d8235e7b62a4fc62b3ff3d6",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Output Runs from the Met Office Limited Area Model for Africa (Africa-LAM)",
                    "abstract": "The Africa LAM Dataset is a collection of data outputs from a high resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Limited Area Model over Africa (the Africa LAM), developed by the Met Office. Data is available for the period 2010 to September 2013. Data covering the period Jan 2010 to mid-March 2011 are from the 20km 38L model configuration while data from mid-March 2011 to 11th September 2013 are higher resolution from the 12km 70L model configuration. This dataset is access restricted to the academic research community only."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 7579,
                    "uuid": "292da1ccfebd650f6d123e53270016a8",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Output from the  UK Variable (UKV) Resolution Part of the Met Office Unified Model (UM)",
                    "abstract": "Data from the operational NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) output from the Variable resolution UK (UKV) part of the Met Office Unified Model. This latest configuration of the UM model has a high resolution inner domain (1.5 km grid boxes) over the area of forecast interest, separated from a coarser grid (4 km) near the boundaries by a variable resolution transition zone. This variable resolution approach allows the boundaries to be moved further away from the region of interest, reducing unwanted boundary effects on the forecasts. The UKV model is kept close to observations using 3D-Var data assimilation every 3 hours. This archive is currently being populated at the BADC."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 4348,
                    "uuid": "f0095ccfd57aa3c62b64d3e406ab1f73",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office Stratospheric Assimilated Data",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contain data concerning stratospheric temperature, geopotential height and wind components produced by the Stratospheric Data Assimilation System at the UK Met Office.\r\n\r\nThe data assimilation system is a development of the scheme used at the Met Office for operational weather forecasting, which has been extended to cover the stratosphere. The primary product is a daily analysis (at 1200 UTC) which is produced using operational observations only. For short periods of particular interest the analyses are available at 6-hourly intervals. Assimilation experiments using UARS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) data in addition to operational meteorological observations have been carried out for limited periods.\r\n\r\nThese data consist of 3-dimensional gridpoint analyses of temperature, geopotential height and wind components fields at 2.5 x 3.75 degree resolution from the ground to 0.3 hPa (for the period from 17th October 1991 (UARS day 36) to 2006-03-13) and on a smaller grid size 0.5625 degree x 0.375 degree on 27 (or 26 depending on variable) pressure levels, (note, this does not apply for the UARS versions of the data files), for the period 2006-03-03 to present day."
                }
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        {
            "ob_id": 559,
            "uuid": "d777d2f7906259c07dbb72f1b19a10b6",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Program",
            "abstract": "The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a major component of NASA's Earth-Sun System Missions. The mission includes a series of satellites, a science component, and a data system supporting a coordinated series of polar-orbiting and low inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans. EOS is enabling an improved understanding of the Earth as an integrated system. The EOS Project Science Office (EOSPSO) is committed to bringing program information and resources to program scientists and the general public alike.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 19678,
                    "uuid": "c84774a88f554bfcad15bf25079ce3e4",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III)",
                    "abstract": "SAGE III was successfully launched onboard a Meteor-3M spacecraft on December 10, 2001 at 17:18:57 UTC from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The satellite is in a sun-synchronous orbit with an ascending node time of about 9 AM. Routine measurement operations began in March 2002. The Meteor-3M mission, along with the SAGE III mission, was terminated on March 6, 2006, because of a power supply system failure resulting in loss of communication with the satellite.\r\n\r\nThe Meteor-3M spacecraft is an advanced model of the Meteor spacecraft that was developed over 30 years ago. The payload includes SAGE III and other instruments designed to measure temperature and humidity profiles, clouds, surface properties, and high energy particles in the upper atmosphere. Please see the SAGE III Instrument page for further technical details.\r\n\r\nSAGE III's role in the EOS program is to provide global, long-term measurements of key components of the Earth's atmosphere. The most important of these are the vertical distribution of aerosols and ozone from the upper troposphere through the stratosphere.\r\n\r\nIn addition, SAGE III also provides unique measurements of temperature in the stratosphere and mesosphere and profiles of trace gases such as water vapor and nitrogen dioxide that play significant roles in atmospheric radiative and chemical processes.\r\n\r\nThe primary scientific objective of the three SAGE III missions is to obtain high quality, global measurements of key components of atmospheric composition (See Table of Measurements) and their long-term variability.\r\n\r\nThese measurements are vital inputs to the global scientific community for improved understanding of climate, climate change, and human-induced ozone trends.\r\n\r\nThe specific measurement objectives of SAGE III provide 1 km vertical resolution profiles of: aerosols and clouds at seven wavelengths from the mid-troposphere into the stratosphere and where appropriate, the mesosphere; O3 from the mid-troposphere to 85 km; H2O from the planetary boundary layer to 50 km; NO2 from the tropopause to 45 km; NO3 from 20 to 55 km; OClO from 15 to 25 km; and, O2 from the mid-troposphere to 70 km."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19710,
                    "uuid": "94d45555fd634aa6a03884e7a27a27e7",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II)",
                    "abstract": "The SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II) sensor was launched into a 57 degree inclination orbit aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) in October 1984. During each sunrise and sunset encountered by the orbiting spacecraft, the instrument used the solar occultation technique to measure attenuated solar radiation through the Earth's limb in seven channels centered at wavelengths ranging from 0.385 to 1.02 micrometers and to measure stratospheric aerosols, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor. \r\n\r\nThe data SAGE II collected were integral to confirming human-driven changes to ozone, and thus contributed to the 1987 Montreal Protocol that banned certain harmful chemicals. SAGE II observations helped to confirm that ozone ceased decreasing in response to this action.\r\n\r\nMajor results from SAGE II include illustrations of the stratospheric impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, identification of a negative global trend in lower stratospheric ozone during the 1980s, and quantitative verification of the positive water vapor feedback in current climate models.\r\n"
                }
            ],
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                394,
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        {
            "ob_id": 569,
            "uuid": "7d646eef1d9516163db470044457371f",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NEON Infra-Red Camera",
            "abstract": "This project was a trial to test the operation of the NEON Infra-Red camera mounted on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft. The camera was used to detect the contrast between a runway and surrounding grass areas.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NEON, FAAM",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 566,
                    "uuid": "d0c9d0a55ac606763558ff03baba16a6",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "NEON infra-red camera test data on deployment aboard the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft",
                    "abstract": "This project was a trial to test the operation of the NEON Infra-Red camera mounted on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAE-146 aircraft. The camera was used to detect the contrast between a runway and surrounding grass areas."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                405,
                406,
                9089
            ],
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            "uuid": "8254273ca7985d4c3d447aa8cf317488",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Greenland Flow Distortion EXperiment (GFDex)",
            "abstract": "The Greenland Flow Distortion experiment (GFDex) is an international fieldwork and modelling-based project to investigate the role that Greenland plays in distorting atmospheric flow over and around it: affecting local and remote weather systems and, via air-sea interaction processes, the coupled climate system.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NE/C003365/1",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 640,
                    "uuid": "77a24c3705599d03825ce9005a8610f8",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Greenland Flow Distortion EXperiment (GFDex): In-situ Observations of High-impact Weather Systems and Their Associated Air-sea Fluxes in the Coastal Seas of Greenland",
                    "abstract": "The Greenland Flow Distortion EXperiment, based in Keflavik, Iceland, took place during February 2007. Its aim was to improve the understanding and ability to predict interactions between the atmospheric circulation and the topography of Greenland, both locally and downstream over Western Europe. Hitherto rare in situ observations of high-impact weather systems and their associated air-sea fluxes in the coastal seas of Greenland, were obtained and will be used to improve the numerical modelling and prediction of these weather systems, and thus improve the quality of the atmospheric forcing fields that are essential for accurate atmosphere-ocean coupling and the thermohaline circulation. These measurements will also be used to improve the numerical modelling and prediction of high-impact weather systems over Europe through the use of targeted observations upstream in sensitive areas of the flow.\r\n\r\nThis project investigates the role of Greenland in defining the structure and the predictability of both local and downstream weather systems, through a programme of aircraft-based observation and numerical modelling. The Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment (GFDex) will provide some of the first detailed in situ observations of the intense atmospheric forcing events that are thought to be important in modifying the ocean in this area (but are presently poorly understood): namely tip jets, barrier winds and mesoscale cyclones. Tip jets form at the southern tip of Greenland, at Cape Farewell, through the forcing of flow over and around the topography. Barrier winds occur when the large-scale flow is piled up against the southeast coast of Greenland, forcing winds parallel to the coast. While located off this southeast coast is an area of frequent mesoscale cyclogenesis. GFDex will also investigate Greenlands role in atmospheric flow predictability by carrying out upstream observations that are targeted at investigating the sensitivity of the downstream flow to the details of the upstream flow and at improving subsequent forecasts over Europe. Greenlands flow distortion can trigger large-scale atmospheric Rossby waves which influence weather systems thousands of kilometres away and several days later. These waves are by nature predictable, so by adapting our observing strategy to target specific areas, improvements in subsequent forecasts over the United Kingdom are possible.\r\n\r\nNumerical modelling experiments after the field campaign will be used to assess any improvements from the additional targeted observations. While further numerical modelling studies of the high impact local weather systems will be evaluated and refined using the aircraft-based observations. This will increase our understanding of these systems and, through comparisons with other observations and data sets, provide accurate fields of air-sea heat and moisture fluxes for driving ocean and climate models."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                434,
                435,
                9069
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            "ob_id": 718,
            "uuid": "8bd58aa942197d06df223197af1ba8fc",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS)",
            "abstract": "CHABLIS was a NERC-AFI funded project, aimed at studying the chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer in greater detail, and for a longer duration, than has previously been attempted. Field measurements were carried out at the British Antarctic Survey station, Halley, at the Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab). Year-round measurements began in February 2004, with a focus on NOy partitioning, air-snow exchange, and a spring-time halogen/ozone depletion intensive. A summer campaign focusing on oxidants ran during January/February 2005, after which CHABLIS fieldwork ended. \r\n",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "CHABLIS, NERC, Antarctic, boundary layer",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 715,
                    "uuid": "6a5cf2c6e142975e71ff340e0c41777d",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS):  Meteorological and Atmospheric Chemistry Field Measurements",
                    "abstract": "Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS) is a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) funded project, aimed at studying the chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer in greater detail, and for a longer duration, than has previously been attempted. \r\n\r\nFieldwork was carried out at the new Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab) at Halley station . The team from UK universities and the British Antarctic Survey brought to the project a suite of state-of-the-art instruments and models and a track record of successfully running major campaigns together in remote locations. The field campaign started during the austral summer in January 2004 and continued throughout the winter culminating with an intensive study during the summer of 04/05.\r\nMajor foci for CHABLIS included detailed studies of seasonal oxidant chemistry, annual variation in the boundary layer NOy budget and elucidating air/snow transfer processes.\r\nThe dataset includes mixing ratios (Ozone, CO, HCHO, NO2, and HONO), accumulation and isotope (Na, K, Mg, Ca, F, CH4, Cl, and NO3) concentrations of snow, and meteorological measurements (relative humidity, visibility, dew point, wind speed, and wind direction). Access to this dataset is now public."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                470,
                471
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                2082,
                52482,
                52484,
                52485,
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                54811
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        {
            "ob_id": 816,
            "uuid": "9b1a1c246c54665f35c98aebd8cf94c2",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Cloud and Water Vapour Experiment for Model Comparisons at Chilbolton (CWAVE)",
            "abstract": "CWAVE was a measurement campaign at the CCLRC-Chilbolton Observatory; it supported activities associated with two EC FP5 projects, CLOUDMAP2 and CLOUDNET. A wide range of satellite and ground based instruments measured a variety of atmospheric properties ranging from cloud parameters to water vapour. In addition the measurements coincided with the results from a reduced resolution Unified Model (UM) run by the Met Office. Access to such a data set allowed unprecedented comparisons between observed and modelled data. The core observing period was 16th June to 11th July 2003.\r\n\r\nThe Aims of CWAVE were:\r\n\r\n-Validation and inter-comparison of cloud and water vapour measurements from satellite, with remotely sensed ground based measurements of cloud parameters and water vapour.\r\n-Comparison of measured cloud parameters and water vapour, with results from high resolution Unified Model (UM) run by the Met Office.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "CWAVE, radar, lidar, satellite, model",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                50
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 813,
                    "uuid": "a67433b396a6320311836086760e43e5",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Cloud and Water Vapour Experiment (CWAVE) radar, lidar, satellite and model data for the Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire, UK",
                    "abstract": "CWAVE was a measurement campaign at the CCLRC-Chilbolton Observatory; it supported activities associated with two EC FP5 projects, CLOUDMAP2 and CLOUDNET. A wide range of satellite and ground based instruments measured a variety of atmospheric properties ranging from cloud parameters to water vapour. In addition the measurements coincided with the results from a reduced resolution Unified Model (UM) run by the Met Office. Access to such a data set allowed unprecedented comparisons between observed and modelled data. The core observing period was 16th June to 11th July 2003.\r\n\r\nThe Aims of CWAVE were:\r\n\r\n-Validation and inter-comparison of cloud and water vapour measurements from satellite, with remotely sensed ground based measurements of cloud parameters and water vapour.\r\n-Comparison of measured cloud parameters and water vapour, with results from high resolution Unified Model (UM) run by the Met Office."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                545,
                546
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                2699
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            "ob_id": 859,
            "uuid": "1fa693b3eb9d1dbd1bdebe81cd4c05d3",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Climateprediction.net",
            "abstract": "The core institutions behind the climateprediction.net project are the University of Oxford, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and The Open University, all based in UK and contributions to the projct come from governmental and academic institutions, and associated commercial organisations.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "climateprediciton.net, climate, simulation",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                11
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 856,
                    "uuid": "3378c4a2059de4ca03dc397f057305fd",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Climateprediction.net: collection of simulation outputs",
                    "abstract": "The Climateprediction.net project is harnessing the spare CPU cycles of tens of thousands of individual users' PCs to run a massive ensemble of climate simulations using the Met Office's Unified Model. A multi-thousand member ensemble of simulation results from the perturbed physics climate sensitivity experiment is available for research purposes."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                578,
                579
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 868,
            "uuid": "152babd9550d869a896ae26f37452154",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "CWVC  -  Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate - NERC Research Programme",
            "abstract": "The Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate programme was a five-year NERC directed mode research programme. Its overall aim was to improve our understanding of the physical processes responsible for the distribution of humidity and clouds, and their influences on climate. Projects were selected for funding through three rounds of awards, in January 1999, December 2000 and September 2001. One CWVC project, namely \"The Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Mixed Phase Clouds\", is based on an airborne campaign using the FAAM aircraft.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NERC, CWVC",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
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            "imageDetails": [
                18
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 865,
                    "uuid": "80399b9b1c56d454becef232d51b0fdf",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "HITRAN (high-resolution transmission) molecular absorption database, part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) program",
                    "abstract": "The aim of HITRAN (high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database) was to characterise the amount and wavelength-dependence of absorption by water vapour and other atmospheric species. It was part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) program. The dataset contains spectral line parameters derived from laboratory measurements on pure water vapour, and mixtures of water vapour and air. The measurements were made at STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Molecular Spectroscopy Facility, and the line fitting was carried out by the Department of Meteorology at the University of Reading. The spectral line parameters are displayed in HITRAN format. Water vapour lines were fitted to the laboratory data in the spectral range 5037 to 5585 cm-1. These data are public."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 2755,
                    "uuid": "f32672c33ad46d34b07657818b5bd184",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Data from the Egrett Microphysics Experiment, with Radiation, Lidar and Dynamics campaigns (EMERALD-1 and EMERALD-2), part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) programme",
                    "abstract": "The EMERALD projects were airborne measurement campaigns designed to study dynamical, microphysical and infra-red radiative properties of cirrus clouds, using both in-situ and remote measurement techniques. The dataset contains static air temperature, static air pressure, relative humidity, water vapour mixing ratio, and ozone mixing ratio. These data are part of the NERC Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) programme."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6292,
                    "uuid": "7a712f5db671ce7b072837b947e62f4a",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Chilbolton Advanced Meteorological Radar (CAMRa) data, part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) programme",
                    "abstract": "These data are part of the NERC Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) programme. With a diameter of 25 metres the 3 GHz CAMRa at Chilbolton Observatory (UK) is the largest steerable meteorological radar in the world. Polarisation and Doppler data are stored in netCDF format for 30 March 1999, 9 June 2000, 20 October 2000, 21 November 2000, and 28 February 2001. Quicklook images are also available."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6758,
                    "uuid": "cf7ae349d16c067cd00d3d2d910bee89",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Global Cloud and Aerosol Dataset Produced by the Global Retrieval of ATSR Cloud Parameters and Evaluation (GRAPE) Project as part of the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) Programme",
                    "abstract": "The aim of the GRAPE project was to produce a global cloud and aerosol dataset using a state-of-the-art physical retrieval of the entire duration of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2 (ATSR-2) mission (aboard ERS-2). This dataset will be compared and contrasted with existing climatologies (based on different instruments and very different retrieval algorithms). The GRAPE project was initially funded through the Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate (CWVC) Programme, a five-year NERC directed research programme. The dataset has been developed further within the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and now includes data from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR). The GRAPE dataset contains cloud optical depth, aerosol optical depth (cloud free), cloud phase, cloud particle size, cloud top pressure, cloud fraction and cloud ice/water path along with associated error measurements. "
                }
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                593,
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        {
            "ob_id": 875,
            "uuid": "d5422d54d519ed056cc17e97037732b8",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory Measurements",
            "abstract": "Measurements conducted at Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO)\r\n\r\nThe CVAO (16° 51' 49 N, 24° 52' 02 W), exists to advance understanding of climatically-significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data context for field campaigns.  Measurements of O3, CO, NO, NO2, NOy and VOCs  began at the site in October 2006. Chemical characterisation of aerosol measurements and flask sampling of greenhouse gases began in November 2006, halocarbon measurements in May 2007, and physical measurements of aerosol in June 2008.  On-line measurements of greenhouse gases began in October 2008.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 876,
                "uuid": "5dec0065e8375e1600ee91f4599f782d",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Observations",
                "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Obervations division is responsible for the provision and support of scientific observational facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK, Chilbolton, Aberystwyth and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and a ground-based instrumentation pool available for use in field campaigns. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation of NCAS. To access the data from NCAS Observations select the appropriate dataset collection."
            },
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                    "ob_id": 872,
                    "uuid": "81693aad69409100b1b9a247b9ae75d5",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Continuous Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory Observations",
                    "abstract": "Data from observations made at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) which exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data.\r\n\r\nThe observatory is based on Calhau Island of São Vicente Cape Verde at 16.848N, 24.871W, in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution.\r\n\r\nThe dataset collection contains mixing ratio measurements of Ozone, CO, ethane, propane, iso-butane, acetylene, iso-pentane, and halocarbons. Meteorological measurements (wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, rainfall) and aerosol concentrations are also contained in the data set. \r\n\r\nThe Cape Verde Observatory was previously used during the SOLAS (Surface Ocean / Lower Atmosphere Study) project, from which the present day continuous observations have evolved. As such the earlier SOLAS measurements are also included within this collection. Additionally, back trajectory plots for the site are also within this collection."
                }
            ],
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                602
            ],
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                55540,
                55542,
                2871,
                103918,
                103919,
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        {
            "ob_id": 876,
            "uuid": "5dec0065e8375e1600ee91f4599f782d",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Observations",
            "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Obervations division is responsible for the provision and support of scientific observational facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK, Chilbolton, Aberystwyth and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and a ground-based instrumentation pool available for use in field campaigns. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation of NCAS. To access the data from NCAS Observations select the appropriate dataset collection.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "AMF, CFARR, MST, MSTRF, CVAO, IAO, WAO, BT Tower",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 11686,
                "uuid": "cc0a4a51d7234d3c88efbc03919beab2",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS)",
                "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) is a world leader in atmospheric science, undertaking research programmes on:\r\n* The science of climate change, including modelling and predictions\r\n* Atmospheric composition, including air quality\r\n* Weather, including hazardous weather\r\n* Technologies for observing and modelling the atmosphere \r\n\r\nAdditionally, NCAS provides scientific facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a ground-based instrumentation pool, access to computer models and facilities for storing and accessing data. In a nutshell, NCAS provides the UK academic community and the Natural Environment Research Council with national capability in atmospheric science.\r\n\r\nThe Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation on NCAS"
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5785,
                    "uuid": "07d2ebf9e4fb15ab35211208ddd2205a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM)",
                    "abstract": "The FAAM is a large atmospheric research BAE-146 aircraft, run jointly by the NERC and the UK Met Office. It has been in operation since March 2004 and is at the scientists' disposal through a scheme of project selection.   FAAM is the result of a collaboration between the Met Office(TM) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and has been established as part of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) to provide an aircraft measurement platform for use by all the UK atmospheric research community on campaigns throughout the world. The modified BAE 146 aircraft is owned by BAE Systems and operated for them by Directflight. The Home Base is at Cranfield University, Bedfordshire."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12057,
                    "uuid": "01784d343c441f4e86064cd772fcb8a2",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO)",
                    "abstract": "WAO is a coastal site located on the North Norfolk coastline near Weybourne. Over the last ten years the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO) has become established as a world class facility at which fundamental research, background monitoring and teaching have all been successfully carried forward. WAO has been the focus of many international experiments designed to look into the chemistry of the free troposphere and the planetary boundary layer. \r\n\r\nThe Observatory is located at 52°57'01.5\"N 1°07'19\"E\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19826,
                    "uuid": "4167905d118740019af899af6496e6b0",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "The Emissions around the M25 motorway (EM25)",
                    "abstract": "The Emissions around the M25 motorway (EM25) campaign took place over the megacity of London in the United Kingdom in June 2009 with the aim of characterising trace gas and aerosol composition and properties entering and emitted from the urban region. It featured two mobile platforms, the UK BAe-146 Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft and a ground-based mobile lidar van, both travelling in circuits around London, roughly following the path of the M25 motorway circling the city."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 3464,
                    "uuid": "493185a4f967ee2a34516d9c5da9331e",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR)",
                    "abstract": "The STFC facility at Chilbolton, Hampshire (51.1445N, 1.4270W) is the site of several observation systems for meteorological studies. The main system is the 3 GHz Doppler radar (CAMRa). A supporting 94 GHz radar (Galileo) has been located close to the main dish to allow dual frequency studies of precipitating particles. The system is complemented by a 905 nm Vaisala CT75K lidar, a 355nm UV Raman Lidar, multiple raingauge and meteorological sensors. This dataset also holds attenuation time-series data from vertically polarised links from South Wonston to Sparsholt. Sparsholt meteorological sensor and raingauge data is also archived. Cloud camera data from the Chilbolton site is available for examining weather patterns."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 25347,
                    "uuid": "ac9d6db250b4437fabd4bb67d8e8b606",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "BT Tower: Long term atmospheric chemistry monitoring",
                    "abstract": "The UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) carries out long-term atmospheric chemistry modelling from the 190 m tall BT Tower in central London, UK (51°31′17.4″N, 0°8′20.04″W). The telecommunications tower is surrounded by a built up urban environment with a mean building height of 8.8 ± 3.0 m within 1 - 10 km of the tower and 5.6 ± 1.8 m for suburban London beyond this. The area surrounding the tower is dominated by roads and commercial residential buildings, but also includes some urban parkland and pervious ground. The footprint of the tower (e.g. the area from which 90% of the air measured is calculated to originate from) is 5-20 km depending on weather conditions.\r\n\r\nNCAS undertook to continue these long-term measurements following the National Environment Research Council (NERC) funded ClearfLo (Clean Air for London) Project which also utilised the site for composition monitoring using a suite of instrument from NCAS and other institutes."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5407,
                    "uuid": "4afb58c7bc065928378a16415e69081a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCAS-AMF: Long term observations at Cardington, Bedfordshire",
                    "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's (NERC) National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) undertake a number of long term measurements by a suite of instruments to support ongoing atmospheric research at a variety of locations. These include a long-term observation mode of instruments from the NCAS Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) when not deployed on specific field campaign duties for other projects. One such long-term deployment covers the NCAS mobile wind profiler deployed at the Met Office's Cardington site in Bedfordshire. This complements other long-term wind profilers in the UK, incuding the NERC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar located near Absersystwyth, mid-Wales  - an alternative site also used for the NCAS AMF mobile wind profiler for long-term observations."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 25330,
                    "uuid": "bda9d9df0f6d4fed86102c2479ce0a93",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NERC MST Radar Facility (MSTRF)",
                    "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) Radar Facility at Capel Dewi, near Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Mid-Wales (52.42°N, 4.01°W), is an atmospheric observatory site of several observation systems for meteorological studies, managed and operated by the RAL Space department of the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory on behalf of the UK's environmental science community. The facility operates a range of instruments and hosts additional instrumentation from other institutes.\r\n\r\nThe principal instrument is the NERC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) Radar, the UK's most powerful and most versatile wind-profiling instrument from which wind data are operationally assimilated by a number of European meteorological services (including the UK's Met Office) for the purposes of numerical weather prediction. The MSTRF also operates a number of auxiliary instruments, including those for measuring surface wind, temperature, pressure, humidity, and rainfall at the site as well as surface wind speed and direction at the nearby Fron Goch site and a noctilucent cloud camera located at the Chilbolton Observatory in Hampshire (to allow images of such clouds to be seen at similar latitudes as the MSTRF site).\r\n\r\nHosted instrumentation has varied over time, but has included or continues to include instruments operated by the University of Manchester Centre for Atmospheric Science, the Met Office, the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) and the RAL SPace department of the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.\r\n\r\nThe facility makes its main data products open-access (i.e. freely available) through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) to all registered users, and may additionally assist users to access, to analyse, and to interpret the data as well as producing bespoke data products. Enquiries for further information about additional support form the facility should be addresses directly to the facility manager. Data from other instruments hosted by the site may be available under alternative access conditions and may not necessarily be available through CEDA."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 25342,
                    "uuid": "03349c8b2c6c456c9a07c1b828f8b1dc",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCAS-AMF: Long term observations at the Capel Dewi Atmospheric Observatory, Mid-Wales",
                    "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's (NERC) National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) undertake a number of long term measurements by a suite of instruments to support ongoing atmospheric research at a variety of locations. These include a long-term observation mode of instruments from the NCAS Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) when not deployed on specific field campaign duties for other projects.\r\n\r\nOne such long-term deployment covers the NCAS AMF mobile wind profiler deployed at the NERC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar facility located near Aberystwyth, mid-Wales. This complements other long-term wind profilers in the UK, and also an alternative long-term observation site for this instrument at the Met Office's Cardington site in Bedfordshire."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 875,
                    "uuid": "d5422d54d519ed056cc17e97037732b8",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory Measurements",
                    "abstract": "Measurements conducted at Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO)\r\n\r\nThe CVAO (16° 51' 49 N, 24° 52' 02 W), exists to advance understanding of climatically-significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data context for field campaigns.  Measurements of O3, CO, NO, NO2, NOy and VOCs  began at the site in October 2006. Chemical characterisation of aerosol measurements and flask sampling of greenhouse gases began in November 2006, halocarbon measurements in May 2007, and physical measurements of aerosol in June 2008.  On-line measurements of greenhouse gases began in October 2008."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 31951,
                    "uuid": "13723bd3594c432b98f77508041cb495",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCAS-AMF: Long term observations at Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR), Hampshire",
                    "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's (NERC) National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) undertake a number of long term measurements by a suite of instruments to support ongoing atmospheric research at a variety of locations. These include a long-term observation mode of instruments from the NCAS Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) when not deployed on specific field campaign duties for other projects. One such long-term deployment covers the NCAS x-band radar deployed at the Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR), Hampshire, UK."
                }
            ],
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                13
            ],
            "observationCollection": [],
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                604
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                103829,
                103830
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        {
            "ob_id": 877,
            "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
            "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 718,
                    "uuid": "8bd58aa942197d06df223197af1ba8fc",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS)",
                    "abstract": "CHABLIS was a NERC-AFI funded project, aimed at studying the chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer in greater detail, and for a longer duration, than has previously been attempted. Field measurements were carried out at the British Antarctic Survey station, Halley, at the Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab). Year-round measurements began in February 2004, with a focus on NOy partitioning, air-snow exchange, and a spring-time halogen/ozone depletion intensive. A summer campaign focusing on oxidants ran during January/February 2005, after which CHABLIS fieldwork ended. \r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 868,
                    "uuid": "152babd9550d869a896ae26f37452154",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "CWVC  -  Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate - NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "The Clouds, Water Vapour and Climate programme was a five-year NERC directed mode research programme. Its overall aim was to improve our understanding of the physical processes responsible for the distribution of humidity and clouds, and their influences on climate. Projects were selected for funding through three rounds of awards, in January 1999, December 2000 and September 2001. One CWVC project, namely \"The Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Mixed Phase Clouds\", is based on an airborne campaign using the FAAM aircraft."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1292,
                    "uuid": "831435ae52c634f3e85f84d18024d00b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "RAPID-WATCH",
                    "abstract": "RAPID-WATCH builds on RAPID to deliver a decade-long (2004-2014) time series of observations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). RAPID-WATCH aims to deliver a robust and scientifically credible assessment of the risk to the climate of UK and Europe arising from a rapid change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The programme also assessed the need for a long-term observing system that could detect major MOC changes, narrow uncertainty in projections of future change, and possibly be the start of an 'early warning' prediction system.\r\n\r\nThe observations were used with data from other sources to:\r\n\r\n    * determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC,\r\n    * assess the risk of rapid climate change due to changes in the MOC, and\r\n    * investigate the potential for predicting the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe objectives were:\r\n\r\n   1.To deliver a decade-long time series of calibrated and quality-controlled measurements of the Atlantic MOC from the RAPID-WATCH arrays.\r\n   2.To exploit the data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and elsewhere to determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC, assess the risk of rapid climate change, and investigate the potential for predictions of the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe RAPID-WATCH arrays are the existing 26 deg N MOC observing system array and the WAVE array that monitors the Deep Western Boundary Current. These measurements will continue to span the period 2004-2014. \r\nThe second objective was addressed through studies designed to answer four questions:\r\n\r\n   1.How can we exploit data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays to obtain estimates of the MOC and related variables?\r\n   2.What do the observations from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and other sources tell us about the nature and causes of recent changes in the Atlantic Ocean?\r\n   3.What are the implications of RAPID-WATCH array data and other recent observations for estimates of the risk due to rapid change in the MOC?\r\n   4.Could we use RAPID-WATCH and other observations to help predict future changes in the MOC and climate?\r\n\r\n5 modelling projects have been funded under RAPID_WATCH.\r\n\r\nThis work will be carried out in collaboration with the Hadley Centre in the UK, and through international partnerships.\r\n\r\nDr Meric Srokosz is the Science Co-ordinator for the programme and Dr Val Byfield is the Deputy Science Co-ordinator. Dr. Craig Wallace is the Knowledge Transfer co-ordinator. They have established a Rapid Climate Change project office at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1341,
                    "uuid": "ae2203ccbca9b6d5b28b35e66b2bcd05",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NERC Research Mode 2010 Projects",
                    "abstract": "Data generated from NERC Research Mode 2010 funding programme and stored for long-term archiving at the BADC."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1415,
                    "uuid": "90b2af2013055387246c3be5095f1272",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Coastal Air Pollution (CAP)",
                    "abstract": "The Coastal Air Pollution field campaigns in 2009 and 2010 (CAP-2009 and CAP-2010 respectively) sought to investigate the impact of local meteorology on coastal air quality and the structure and evolution of the coastal boundary layer. \r\n\r\nThe field campaigns were led by Dr. Claire Reeves (University of East Anglia) consisting of 20 hours of flight time from the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAE-146 aircraft coinciding with pollution measurements from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO) and the Facility for Ground based Atmospheric Measurement's (FGAM) 1290 Mhz mobile wind profiler, deployed at WAO. The 20 flight hours were over 5 flights: flight B480 21/09/09; flight B485 06/11/09; flight B492 01/12/09; flight B493 04/12/09; and, flight B514 04/03/10. The FAAM flights were made available as part of the 2009 Direct Access call for available remaining flight hours on the aircraft. \r\n\r\nThe objectives were to: \r\na) characterise the chemical composition of the air above and around WAO (Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory) in various meteorological conditions to determine how representative the observations at WAO are of the coastal region and of the air-mass origin (especially in the case of maritime/Arctic air); \r\nb) determine the local flow patterns that can be established around WAO that may influence the redistribution of pollutants and to aid future identification of such patterns with the more limited vertical data that is routinely collected at WAO; \r\nc) identify patterns that decouple polluted layers from the surface; \r\nd) characterise the off-shore pollution sources (ship emissions, emissions from off-shore gas platforms) that impact measurements at WAO under maritime conditions; and, \r\ne) provide test cases for the one-dimensional MISTRA model of vertical profiles of trace components in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere, especially providing information about vertical exchange."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1655,
                    "uuid": "41bda41acf140eb5bf8501d1bef09271",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NERC Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) prototype H2O",
                    "abstract": "Prototype water vapour profiles from the MLS data, retrieved at the University of Edinburgh. Data generally cover wider altitude range than \"official\" MLS version 4 retrievals and are available at a higher vertical resolution. Coverage is from September 1991 to April 1993. This project was funded by NERC."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5042,
                    "uuid": "41d10de2c45d1e77ae383c069366418a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Surface Ocean / Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS)",
                    "abstract": "UK SOLAS was the UK's contribution to the International SOLAS project.\r\n\r\nThe Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international project involving more than 20 nations. Its central goal is to achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change.\r\n\r\nThis understanding is vital to the construction of Earth System models.\r\n\r\nThe programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), ran for six years. It focuses on processes in and the interaction between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere in the North Atlantic region.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS aims\r\n\r\n    To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges\r\n    To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere\r\n    To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system\r\n\r\nThe outputs will improve our ability to predict climate change, giving insights into natural marine production and the fate of important trace gases. They will show whether these processes are sensitive to other environmental factors. This information is needed by climate modellers and policy makers.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS has brought together scientists, with the skills to address these aims, from numerous research centres and universities. It worked closely with NERC's Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST) programme.\r\n\r\nFieldwork included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic. Ongoing measurements were made aboard the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront. Time series measurements were made at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) L4 station. Additional atmospheric data came from a series of collaborative aircraft campaigns. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX)  and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). \r\n\r\nNERC provided funding for 19 projects. CEDA holds data from DODO, Rhamble, SLATEA and Cape Verde measurements."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6712,
                    "uuid": "8fe9a4214e272b07f6560a4dfab3d4b0",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Aerosol and Chemical Transport in Tropical Convection (ACTIVE)",
                    "abstract": "NERC-funded consortium project combining field measurements and a range of modelling tools at different scales to address questions related to the composition of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Two airborne campaigns based in Darwin, Australia will unfold in November-December 2005 (pre-monsoon convection) and January-February 2006 (monsoon convection)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11172,
                    "uuid": "c4a5f247b06510a4ce7bed80dac14e71",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Universities Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM)",
                    "abstract": "The Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) is a National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) facility consisting of a distributed set of ground-based and specialised airborne (FAAM) instruments in the UK that are designed to make measurements of small-scale and meso-scale physical and chemical features in the atmosphere.\r\nA major goal of UFAM is to provide an infrastructure that promotes collaboration amongst the atmospheric science research community, particularly across the NCAS Composition and NCAS Weather science areas. The African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) project, the aerosol and chemical transport in tropical convection (ACTIVE) project, the Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP), and the Tropospheric ORganic CHemistry Experiment (TORCH) are examples of collaborative field campaigns using UFAM instruments."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11686,
                    "uuid": "cc0a4a51d7234d3c88efbc03919beab2",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS)",
                    "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) is a world leader in atmospheric science, undertaking research programmes on:\r\n* The science of climate change, including modelling and predictions\r\n* Atmospheric composition, including air quality\r\n* Weather, including hazardous weather\r\n* Technologies for observing and modelling the atmosphere \r\n\r\nAdditionally, NCAS provides scientific facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a ground-based instrumentation pool, access to computer models and facilities for storing and accessing data. In a nutshell, NCAS provides the UK academic community and the Natural Environment Research Council with national capability in atmospheric science.\r\n\r\nThe Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation on NCAS"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11687,
                    "uuid": "b46fbc668f6547fda79f2899046c29a9",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics",
                    "abstract": "The Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET+) represents the Dynamic Earth and Geohazards research group within the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)'s Theme 6 during NCEO phase 1. NCEO phase 1 was is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). NCEO phase 2 no longer has the theme 6 within its remit, though COMT+ continues within NERC.\r\n\r\nCOMET+ involves scientists from the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, University of Leeds, University of Bristol, University oSf Glasgow, University of Reading, and University College London. We aim to combine satellite observations of Earth's surface movements, topography and gas release with terrestrial observations and modelling to advance understanding of the earthquake cycle, continental deformation and volcanic eruptions, and to quantify seismic and volcanic hazards."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11991,
                    "uuid": "68e8b5b9feee0ea5d99002b489c87041",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "BORTAS: Quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites",
                    "abstract": "BORTAS was a NERC Response mode project which aims to investigate the connection between the composition and the distribution of biomass burning outflow, ozone production and loss within the outflow, and the resulting perturbation to oxidant chemistry in the troposphere. The BORTAS team will sample biomass burning outflow over the North Atlantic in summer 2011 the using FAAM BAe-146 aircraft and then describe the observed chemistry within plumes and quantify the impact of boreal fires on the North Atlantic region using a nested 3-D chemistry transport model."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11989,
                    "uuid": "209f7723fc8917841f11b7e538599d91",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Co-ordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) project",
                    "abstract": "The NERC Co-ordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) project was a collaborative initiative with NASA's Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) programme to study the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) over the Pacific Ocean and South East Asia. \r\n\r\nCoordinated flights of the FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146 aircraft, deployed in Guam in Jan/Feb 2014, and NASA's Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) made corresponding in situ measurements in the TTL over the West Pacific. These aircraft measurements were interpreted in conjunction with ground-based and balloon-based measurements of very short-lived halogen species and ozone, using a complementary group of regional high resolution models, global composition models and a global cirrus model to address fundamental questions related to atmospheric composition, radiation and transport."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1650,
                    "uuid": "1c985a8ab9639f06c8e74c52d562a9c9",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST)",
                    "abstract": "The Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST) programme assimilated scientists' knowledge of the Earth as an integrated system. Its aim was to substantially improve predictions of global environmental change.\r\n\r\nHuman activities are altering the atmosphere and oceans, transforming ecosystems, and changing the climate over and above natural variation. To predict how the complex interactions and feedbacks between different components of the Earth System will respond to our growing influence, they need to be considered together.\r\n\r\nThe programme had three main themes:\r\n\r\n-The contemporary carbon cycle and its interactions with climate and atmospheric chemistry.\r\n-The natural regulation of atmospheric composition on glacial-interglacial and longer time scales.\r\n-The implications of global environmental changes for the sustainable use of resources.\r\n\r\nQUEST helped to accelerate development of the next generation of environmental-change models, and provided a focal point for UK work, forging collaborations and synergies between worldwide experts in Earth System research and modelling."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11986,
                    "uuid": "7197d0e7d2d2298491f735e75b5dc21c",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Aerosol-Cloud Interactions - A Directed Programme to Reduce Uncertainty in Forcing through a Targeted Laboratory and Modelling Programme (ACID-PRUF)",
                    "abstract": "ACID-PRUF was a three year NERC directed programme that investigated the complex interaction of aerosols and clouds. The overall aims of ACID-PRUF were to reduce the uncertainty in the radiative forcing associated with the aerosol indirect effects though a targeted laboratory and modelling programme. \r\nA programme of research is proposed here to \r\ni) directly investigate these processes in the laboratory, \r\nii) evaluate the sensitivity of climate relevant parameters to the studied processes, \r\niii) interpret the laboratory studies with detailed model investigations and \r\niv) to incorporate and test new descriptions of the studied processes in cloud-scale and, where possible, global scale models. \r\n\r\nThis research programme was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council. The Lead Grant Reference number for this project is NE/I020121/1."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12148,
                    "uuid": "407621ad08204f96a68708ceaf8cac2e",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "High accuracy line intensities for carbon dioxide",
                    "abstract": "This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with the grant reference - NE/J010316/1 - led by Professor Jonathan Tennyson (University College London).  \r\n\r\nAll CO2 remote sensing activity, from both the ground and space, relies on monitoring how CO2 absorbs light. All this monitoring is therefore heavily dependent on understanding the absorption properties of the CO2 molecule which is usually obtained by measurements performed in the laboratory. In particular the accurate knowledge of the strength of individual absorption lines is crucial to determining how much CO2 is present and allowing the atmospheric data to be interpreted. Without high accuracy values for line intensities, reliable CO2 retrievals are simply not possible. Particularly with their emphasis on variation of CO2 concentrations with time, current missions and proposed missions require CO2 line intensities to be determined to significantly better than 1% accuracy if they are to fulfill their stated goals: intensities accurate to better than 0.5% are really required. Current line intensities measured in the laboratory simply do not gives this level of accuracy: most are accurate to about 5% with a few high quality measurements being good to 1 - 3%. Hence current CO2 retrievals values are limited by the available laboratory data. \r\n\r\nThe aim of this project was to provide an accurate theoretical solution to the problem of CO2 line intensities based on the application of high accuracy, first principles quantum mechanical calculations for the intensities and experimental data for the line positions. The resulting new lists of CO2 transition intensities were made widely available and, in particular, used to inform atmospheric databases which are used for the majority of atmospheric applications of molecular spectroscopy.\r\n\r\nThe main objectives of the project were to determine a complete set of high accuracy line intensities for the CO2 molecule for use in atmospheric studies. With the following specific objectives:\r\n\r\n1. Develop a theoretical model to compute a high accuracy dipole moments for asymmetric geometries of CO2.\r\n\r\n2. Compute dipole moments as a function of geometry and fit them to give a high accuracy dipole moment surface.\r\n\r\n3. Develop a model for and calculate high accuracy vibration-rotation wavefunctions and hence transition intensities\r\nfor CO2.\r\n\r\n4. Compare our results with laboratory data, particularly ultrahigh accuracy studies currently being performed in NIST.\r\n\r\n5. Generate a comprehensive linelist of CO2 transitions.\r\n\r\n6. Distribute our CO2 linelist widely via the web and via data compilations such as HITRAN, GEISA and BADC."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1275,
                    "uuid": "6e314ec2b77cfda3bcb6be8627119ce2",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UK Universities' Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP)",
                    "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) support fundamental research in all areas of atmospheric science carried out by the university based research community. UGAMP (UK Universities' Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme) funded by NERC, helped to strengthen the role of the UK universities in the vital area of numerical modelling of the large scale atmosphere.\r\n\r\nUGAMP has allowed UK university groups to lead developments in many areas of atmospheric science such as storm-tracks, monsoons and ozone loss, and to play an important part in international scientific programmes. By establishing close working relationships with two of the World's leading weather centres, ECMWF and the UK Meteorological Office, UGAMP has been able to take full advantage of their modelling developments and has enjoyed the additional benefit of access to the best available atmospheric data sets. UGAMP continues to deliver excellence in research, excellence in technical support and excellence in training for young scientists.\r\n\r\nUGAMP has close links to many UK and International organisations, including:\r\n\r\nUnited Kingdom Meteorological Office\r\nEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\r\nBritish Antarctic Survey\r\nBritish Atmospheric Data Centre\r\nCentre for Ecology and Hydrology\r\nEnvironmental Science Systems Centre (formerly NUTIS)\r\nUpper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere Ozone Scientific Research Programme (UTLS)\r\nClimatic Research Unit\r\nLeeds University , School of Chemistry\r\nLeicester University , Earth Observation Science group\r\nSouthampton Oceanography Centre\r\nLawrence Livermore National Laboratory\r\nMétéo France"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 2402,
                    "uuid": "52c9a18952a1267389e751b0c1a7bdc4",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "The URGENT thematic programme was set up to integrate urban ecological and environmental research. It gathers together research projects related to Soil, Water, Ecology and Air Sciences. Data issued by the latter are archived at BADC. These mainly include ground based measurements in the vicinity of urban areas but also observations from aircraft, lab measurements and model results. Recorded parameters include atmospheric chemicals and aerosols, photolysis rates and meteorological variables. The largest atmospheric science related project is the PUMA consortium, which also has links with many of the other \"Air\" projects."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12144,
                    "uuid": "6c93ff856bda41d99342702593ec6053",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "The organization of tropical rainfall",
                    "abstract": "This project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) with the grant reference - NE/I021012/1 - and was led by Dr Christopher Holloway (University of Reading). \r\n\r\nTropical cloud systems and rainfall help drive the global circulation of the atmosphere, transferring heat from near the Earth's surface upward for many kilometres. These convective systems can be found in groups of many different sizes, from isolated showers and thunderstorms to equatorial waves to tropical cyclones to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), an eastward-propagating weather system composed of superclusters of convection several thousand kilometres across which dominates tropical weather variability on weekly to monthly time scales. Global numerical weather forecast and climate models still do not adequately simulate these organized storm clusters and, as a result, have too little (or incorrect) variability of tropical rainfall. Improvement of the representation of organized tropical convection, and therefore the accuracy of weather forecasts, would greatly improve the lives of billions of people who rely on rainfall for agriculture in the tropics and subtropics; better forecasts of strong storms and flooding would also save countless lives and reduce property damage. Furthermore, these processes may change in the future as the climate changes due to human activities, so an improvement of the ability of global models to simulate organized convection will lead to better predictions of possible climate change scenarios over the whole globe.     \r\n\r\nGlobal weather and climate models divide the Earth into grid boxes about 100 km across. These boxes are too large to directly simulate the motions responsible for small-scale rainstorms, instead estimating total rainfall based on average conditions in the box. This simplified rain estimation, necessary because of limited computer resources,  ignores the interaction of isolated rain showers with each other and regional weather conditions.     \r\n\r\nAn exciting new research area is the study of organized convection in high-resolution idealized models. These models, with constant sea surface temperatures and constant sunlight, can now be run on domains several thousand kilometres across and with grid boxes of only a few kilometres long, allowing convection to be represented explicitly. These models are beginning to provide insight into processes that lead to spontaneous growth of convective clusters which can ultimately grow to a single large cluster accounting for all of the rainfall in the domain. These processes act over a wide range of spatial scales which are not fully resolved in global models.    \r\n\r\nHowever, the processes which lead to organized convection in idealized models are still not well understood, and it is not known whether they are also important for organizing tropical convection in nature. This project exploited a large archive of high-resolution model runs, forecast analyses, and observations from satellites to make more direct comparisons between idealized cases and observed phenomena. Ultimately, this endeavour had the potential to lead to improvements in the way that global models, especially the UK Met Office Unified Model, simulate tropical rainfall and with it global weather and climate.     \r\n\r\nThis project benefited from collaborations with University of Reading, the Met Office and with other scientists approaching similar problems using different models.\r\n\r\nThe improvement of global model simulations of tropical rainfall, along with associated cloud fields and atmospheric heating, is key to reducing uncertainty in predictions of high-impact weather and climate change. Global models still fail to produce realistic large-scale clusters of tropical clouds and rainfall, which are fundamental to predicting variability on weekly and monthly timescales and have major effects on phenomena such as tropical cyclones, El Nino, and the Asian monsoon, as well as the entire global circulation. Recent high-resolution simulations for idealized conditions over tropical oceans have shown spontaneous self-aggregation of convection, with likely causes including feedbacks between convection, moisture and clouds, and radiation, as well as between convection and surface fluxes.     \r\n\r\nThis project aimed to clearly identify processes important for self-aggregation of convection in idealized models and then to test whether these processes, or different processes, are active in convective organization in nature. The second part of this goal was an open question in the field, and this fellowship has the potential to connect a rapidly expanding theoretical research area with ongoing efforts to improve the understanding and prediction of tropical variability.  The focus on the Unified Model benefited weather and climate prediction in the UK by exchanging ideas with Met Office scientists who were directly involved in testing and improving the model.    \r\n\r\nThe specific objectives of this project, with increasing priority downwards, were to address the following three questions:    \r\n1. What processes are responsible for convective self-aggregation in idealized models?   \r\n2. To what extent are these idealized model processes important for convective organization in nature as represented by observations, forecast analyses, and high-resolution model case studies, particularly in conditions resembling those of idealized models? What processes lead to the simplest cases of convective organization observed?   \r\n3. How do more complex features of nature, such as equatorially-trapped waves, land-sea contrast, and extratropical features, interact with more idealized mechanisms for convective organization?     \r\n\r\nAddressing these specific objectives allowed for the improvement of numerical weather and climate prediction by contributing new ideas for the development of both high-resolution models with explicit convection and lower resolution models with parameterized convection."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13421,
                    "uuid": "b63d8bf649614122995052535652f5bc",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NERC Arctic-International Polar Year (IPY 2007-2008)",
                    "abstract": "International Polar Year (IPY 2007-2008) was an international effort to research the Polar Regions. This concentrated burst of polar science and exploration helped to shed new light on the impact that the Polar Regions will have on our climate and the consequences for humanity.\r\n\r\nThis was the biggest internationally co-ordinated research effort for 50 years. Around 50,000 scientists, students and support staff from over 60 nations were involved in more than 200 Arctic and Antarctic projects.\r\n\r\nBackground & objectives\r\n\r\nThe International Polar Year themes were:\r\n\r\n    To determine the present environmental status of the polar regions by quantifying their spatial and temporal variability.\r\n    To quantify, and understand, past and present environmental and human change in the Polar Regions in order to improve predictions.\r\n    To advance our understanding of polar - global interactions by studying teleconnections on all scales.\r\n    To investigate the unknowns at the frontiers of science in the Polar Regions.\r\n    To use the unique vantage point of the polar regions to develop and enhance observatories studying the Earth's inner core, the Earth's magnetic field, geospace, the Sun and beyond.\r\n    To investigate the cultural, historical, and social processes that shape the resilience and sustainability of circumpolar human societies, and to identify their unique contributions to global cultural diversity and citizenship.\r\n\r\nNERC's Arctic-IPY funding was focused and directed to IPY programmes in which the UK community could make a significant contribution and which would enhance the delivery of NERC strategic priorities. Consortium proposals which foster the development of strong links between UK Arctic scientists were sought and strong international links were essential."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19089,
                    "uuid": "45c07d898be045cfbc5e0ec2076e3ada",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Rapid Climate Change (RAPID)",
                    "abstract": "Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) was a £20 million, six-year (2001-2007) programme for the Natural Environment Research Council. The programme aimed to improve the ability to quantify the probability and magnitude of future rapid change in climate, with a main (but not exclusive) focus on the role of the Atlantic Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation.\r\n\r\nThe specific scientific objectives of the RAPID programme were agreed by the Rapid Climate Change Steering Committee and are detailed in the RAPID Science Plan.\r\n\r\nApproximately £11M were awarded to proposals that were submitted in response to the RAPID First round of funding. Of this about £5M was committed to design a system to continuously monitor the strength and structure of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This design effort was being matched by comparative funding from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) for collaborative projects reviewed jointly with the NERC proposals. This monitoring effort continued in the NERC-funded follow-on programme RAPID-WATCH 2008-20014.\r\n\r\nA 2nd and last round of funding was completed in 2005 with two parallel Announcements of Opportunity. A total of 5 bids were funded under the Joint International AO, with the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the Research Council of Norway, and 11 bids under the RAPID 2nd \"Science\" AO. \r\n\r\nDr Meric Srokosz was the Science Co-ordinator for the programme and Dr Val Byfield was the Deputy Science Co-ordinator, having taken over from Dr Christine Gommenginger from 1 April 2005. In autumn 2005 Dr. Craig Wallace joined the team as Knowledge Transfer co-ordinator."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19273,
                    "uuid": "da17dab196f74d64af3ccbc35624027b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds (MAC)",
                    "abstract": "Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds (MAC) is an active NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) funded project (NE/K01305X/1).\r\n\r\n The largest uncertainties in future climate predictions highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC 2007) arise from our lack of knowledge of the interaction of clouds with solar and terrestrial radiation (Dufresene & Bony, 2008). In Antarctica clouds play a major role in determining the continent's ice sheet radiation budget, its surface mass balance and ozone climatology. However in spite of this there are few in situ measurements of cloud properties, aerosol numbers, Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) or Ice Nuclei (IN) with the main focus being on remote sensing data sets (see the review by Bromwich et al 2012). As a result the skill in climate and forecast models at high latitudes is significantly poorer than at mid latitudes. In this project a more representative of the Antarctic continent's coastal region was used. It is in this coastal region that clouds will have the biggest impact on the climate as in the interior of the continent the total cloud cover is less (Lachlan-Cope 2010) and those clouds that exist are more tenuous. To achieve this flights were conducted from the Halley research station.\r\n \r\nObjectives\r\n\r\n1.To investigate the nature of Ice Nuclei (IN) and Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) in coastal Antarctic and to identify the dominant mechanisms responsible for the glaciation of clouds in this region. \r\n2.To test whether the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the Met Office Large Eddy Cloud Resolving Model (LEM) are able to reproduce the observed cloud microphysics and the surface radiation balance below cloud. \r\n3.To develop new cloud parameterisations for this region."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19807,
                    "uuid": "64beeb303ba9440cb63e854352be8d7d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Digitisation of Solar glass plate images",
                    "abstract": "Digital Images of the Solar Disc and Limb 1903 -1942: The asset created are a set of high resolution digital images of the solar disc in Ca II K light and H-alpha light which were taken daily at the Cambridge Solar Observatory between 1903 and 1942. The images are currently available on glass plates held by the UK Solar System Data Centre in its archive at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. This secures and improves accessibility to a valuable environmental data resource.\r\n\r\nNERC Reference: NE/L013002/1"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19812,
                    "uuid": "34f3219ef1fb4116a977c4d8fea4212f",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "RAPID-AMOC: Monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation",
                    "abstract": "RAPID-AMOC (2014-2018) builds on the RAPID (2001-2007) and RAPID-WATCH (2008-2014) programmes and will extend the time series of the strength and structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to 16 years.\r\n\r\nObserving and understanding the changes in the AMOC is critically important for identifying the mechanisms of decadal climate variability and change, and for interannual-to-decadal climate prediction. Sustained observations are also necessary for assessing the possibility of future abrupt change in the AMOC similar to those seen in palaeoclimate records.\r\n\r\nThe RAPID array at 26°N is key to this effort. The array of instruments across the Atlantic from Morocco to Florida measure temperature, salinity and current velocities from the near surface to the sea floor. The array data is combined with observations from the Florida current and satellite measurements of surface winds to calculate the overturning circulation: northward flow in the upper layer, and southward flow in the deep ocean.\r\n\r\nThe 26°N array was first deployed in April 2004 as part of the RAPID Programme. Measurements continued during RAPID-WATCH to yield a 10-year time series of continuous AMOC measurements. Both RAPID and RAPID-WATCH also included other research projects, which used ocean model simulations and analysis of RAPID and other observations to increase scientific understanding of the AMOC and its role in Earth's climate.\r\n\r\nObservations from the array have already revolutionised understanding of AMOC variability and documented its variability on seasonal to interannual timescales. The first few years of observations, demonstrated the feasibility of AMOC measurement, provided new insights into the seasonal cycle, and allowed apparent trends in previous historical 'snapshots' to be seen in the context of natural variability.\r\n\r\nMore recently, from autumn 2009 to spring 2010 the observations revealed a substantial weakening of the AMOC. A second weakening event occurred in late 2010. These events coincided with record low states of the North Atlantic Oscillation, and cold winter conditions over Europe. These anomalies would not have been detected without the presence of the array.\r\nThe possible role of the AMOC anomalies in the cold winter of 2009/10 and 2010/11 is now a topic of active research. Anomalies of this magnitude are not seen in state-of-the-art climate models, calling into question the reliability of these models to serve as guides for future behaviour of the AMOC.\r\n\r\nThe value of the array is likely to increase further as the length of the record increases, a more robust picture of the year-to-year variations of the AMOC develops, and perhaps further surprises emerge.\r\n\r\nThe programme's overall aim is to determine the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and its links to climate and to the ocean carbon sink, on interannual-to-decadal time scales.\r\n\r\nThis will be achieved through the continued support of the 26°N array and by supporting use of the data in three key areas:\r\n1) Application of array data for improved ocean state estimation;\r\n2) Use of array data to understand the role of the AMOC in climate variability and predictability;\r\n3) Addition of biogeochemical sensors to the array and use to constrain biogeochemical fluxes."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19921,
                    "uuid": "039fa6aef65d4adf96f064188bbf7a00",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Brazil-UK Network for Investigation of Amazonian Atmospheric Composition and Impacts on Climate (BUNIAACIC)",
                    "abstract": "The Brazil-UK Network for Investigation of Amazonian Atmospheric Composition and Impacts on Climate  (BUNIAACIC) collaboration was a NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) funded project (NE/I030178/1)\r\n\r\nThis project aimed to develop a coherent strategy for UK studies of atmospheric composition and impacts in the Amazon. \r\n\r\nA network of Brazilian and UK atmospheric researchers were established to scope potential collaborative opportunities by exploiting and extending the infrastructural framework of the FAPESP AEROCLIMA Thematic Grant. An early secondment of CAS staff to São Paulo followed by a broad kick-off workshop were used to initiate the scoping study. Potential UK activities at various stages of development were drawn into a broader strategy of International collaboration and opportunities for further consortium scale activities were developed. A UK office for collaboration on Amazonian atmospheric research was established at the University of Manchester. \r\n\r\nThe long-term particulate monitoring programme within AEROCLIMA was expanded to include online aerosol composition measurements at the pristine rainforest site. Secondment of São Paulo staff to CAS ensured adequate training was provided in the operation of the instrumentation, data analysis and quality control. A pump-priming pilot scale intensive deployment of the CAS container laboratory with additional particulate measurement instrumentation were used to i) validate the long-term measurements, ii) quantitatively interpret the impacts of aerosol composition on physical properties of climate relevance in the context of the long-term variability, iii) act as a focal measurement suite around which a broader consortium-scale activity can be developed. \r\n\r\nA strategy for the medium and longer term collaborative efforts were developed based on the initial scoping study and consultation throughout the UK research community. This strategy was consolidated into a White Paper outlining the Brazil-UK collaborative opportunities and recommended participation of UK groups in Amazonian atmospheric research."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 20068,
                    "uuid": "6ee6e0a3f57c4ca79e8cbc0daaafe76f",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Global Coordination of Atmospheric Electricity Measurements (GloCAEM)",
                    "abstract": "It is well established that Earth has a \"Global atmospheric Electric Circuit\" (GEC), through which charge separation in thunderstorms sustains large scale current flow around the planet. The GEC generates an atmospheric electric field which is present globally, and is typically 100V/m near the surface in fair weather conditions. Measurements of electric field have been shown to include information about global thunderstorm activity, local aerosol concentrations and cloud cover, as well as changes in the space weather environment. Recent work has also suggested that atmospheric electrical changes may be effective as earthquake precursors, as well as being sensitive to release of radioactivity, as evidenced by the Fukushima disaster in 2011. \r\n\r\nThe global nature of the GEC means that in order that truly global signals are considered in understanding the processes within the circuit, many validating measurements must be made at different locations around the world. To date, no genuinely global network of FW atmospheric electricity measurements has ever existed, therefore, given the growing number of groups now involved in atmospheric electricity monitoring, such a proposal is timely. \r\n\r\nThis project brought these experts together to make the first steps towards an effective global network for FW atmospheric electricity monitoring by holding workshops to discuss measurement practises and instrumentation, as well as establish recording and archiving procedures to archive electric field data in a standardised, easily accessible format, then by creating a central data repository. This project was funded in the UK under NERC grant NE/N013689/1."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 24870,
                    "uuid": "483f3dd8aea04cdd8346819d82778f92",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Constraining uncertainties in the permafrost-climate (COUP) feedback",
                    "abstract": "The overall aim of COUP was to use landscape-scale process understanding to constrain uncertainties in Earth System Model (ESM) projections of the permafrost-climate feedback. The following objectives were addressed: 1. Use landscape-scale system understanding to develop JULES (the land surface scheme of the UKESM1 ESM) to include permafrost-climate feedback processes 2. Provide an estimate of the permafrost-climate feedback in the updated UKESM1 ESM 3. Provide high-resolution quantification of potential permafrost-climate feedbacks at sites covering the full range of pan-Eurasian environmental conditions 4. Constrain uncertainties in a new estimate of the permafrost-climate feedback based on a simplified carbon climate framework tuned to a range of ESMs 5. Open-source publication of circumpolar datasets to support ESM development in the wider research community\r\n\r\nAs the global climate warms, thawing permafrost may lead to increased greenhouse gas release from Arctic and Boreal ecosystems. Scientists agree that this permafrost-climate feedback is important to the global climate system, but its magnitude and timing remains poorly understood. The overall aim of COUP was to use detailed understanding of landscape-scale processes to improve global scale climate models. Better predictions of how permafrost areas will respond to a warming climate can help us understand and plan for future global change. In recent years much scientific progress has been made towards understanding the complex responses of permafrost ecosystem to climate warming. Despite this, large challenges remain when it comes to including these processes in global climate models. Permafrost ecosystems are highly variable and studies show that very detailed field investigations are needed to understand complexities. Because global scale models cannot run at such high-resolutions, the propose d an approach was to local landscape-scale field studies and modelling to identify those key variables that should be improved in global models. Field studies and high-resolution modelling was used at field sites covering all pan-Eurasian environmental conditions. The system understanding gained from this was then used to (1) scale key variables so they are useful for global models and (2) improve a new global climate model. In the final step, the improved global climate models was used to quantify the impact of thawing permafrost on the global climate."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 24808,
                    "uuid": "7ed9d8a288814b8b85433b0d3fec0300",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Atmospheric Pollution & Human Health in a Developing Megacity (APHH)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Pollution & Human Health in a Developing Megacity (APHH) programme has two separate streams of activity looking at urban air pollution and its impact on Health in Chinese and Indian Megacities. The programme is a collaboration between NERC, the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the UK and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in China, and the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in India."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 25858,
                    "uuid": "c542c30c380f4604878c7fc3698b2c9f",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Evaluating and modelling the impact of extreme events on South African dryland rivers: Cyclone Dando (January 2012)",
                    "abstract": "In mid January 2012, Cyclone Dando struck southern Africa, leading to widespread heavy rainfall (450-500 mm in 48 hours) and flooding in the Kruger National Park (KNP), eastern South Africa.  This flooding occurred just 12 years after the last major catastrophic flooding in the KNP (Jan/Feb 2000), which also caused dramatic river channel and vegetation changes.  Using data acquired from light aircraft (photographs, LiDAR) together with field surveying and sediment sampling, this study exploited a rare opportunity to investigate the flooding, erosion & sedimentation that occurred during the January 2012 event along three rivers in the KNP. The data obtained was compared with pre-existing data that were collected prior to and following the 2000 flooding in the KNP, and then combined with state-of-the-art computer models to simulate flow characteristics during floods and the longer term response of the rivers to sequences of extreme floods. The aerial, field and modelling results helped to develop new conceptual models of the response of these rivers to extreme events. Such models have practical application, both for river managers in the KNP & farther afield.  Many climate change scenarios predict future increases in the size and frequency of extreme flood events in southern Africa and other dryland regions, and better understanding of the spatial extent of flooding, erosion & sedimentation will contribute to improved flood hazard management & environmental stewardship."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 26553,
                    "uuid": "93f5cefdd5964305a2c92db5efc64318",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Measuring atmospheric marine ice nucleating particles using technologies developed for cryopreservation",
                    "abstract": "NERC Grant titled \"Measuring atmospheric marine ice nucleating particles using technologies developed for cryopreservation\". Grant reference NE/M010473/1"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 26554,
                    "uuid": "fb3577716c0b4e3ca361089f0f2a74c0",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "CURB CO2: Carbon Uptake Revisited - Biases Corrected using Ocean Observations",
                    "abstract": "CURB CO2: Carbon Uptake Revisited - Biases Corrected using Ocean Observations was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded project (NERC Grant NE/P015042/1). The overarching aim of this project was to provide UK and international governments with the best possible impartial information from which they can plan how best to work towards the global warming targets (the 'Paris Agreement') set at the Paris Climate Conference in December 2015.\r\n\r\nWhen we emit carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere through industrial activity, only around half of that CO2 remains in the atmosphere, with the remainder being taken up approximately equally through photosynthesis by plants on land and being absorbed by the oceans. These anthropogenic CO2 'sinks' are essentially saving us from a large part of the global warming that we would otherwise be experiencing. New evidence suggests that our estimates of how this fraction of CO2 that stays in the atmosphere is changing, and will continue to change, may be too high, meaning that there may be more hope that we can prevent atmospheric CO2 concentrations rising too high than was previously thought.\r\n\r\nWhilst we can estimate how much CO2 we are presently emitting, and can measure the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and therefore work out how strong these sinks are (i.e. how much CO2 they are taking out of the atmosphere), we must calculate how this number will change in the future if we are to determine how much CO2 we can emit as a society without exceeding dangerous CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. This project aimed to give us a better understanding of what this future change in the fraction of CO2 staying in the atmosphere is, by correcting a bias we have identified in the models we use to make these projections.\r\n\r\nThis project made projections of how the land and ocean CO2 sinks may change in the future using increasingly comprehensive Earth System Models (which are climate modes which also contain a representation of additional processes such as the carbon cycle). While these models are the best possible tools to simulate future climate change, they are still far from perfect. In the North Atlantic, which is the most intense ocean CO2 sink, these models underestimate how quickly the CO2 absorption is increasing, and have identified what the models are doing wrong. This project extended this work from the North Atlantic to the full ocean, and by correcting for the biases that cause the models to under-predict this change, produced new and improved future estimates of ocean CO2 absorption."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 27196,
                    "uuid": "ae7896a121374cd38eefbf40a7bc7ddd",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Taking forward the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) resolution: Pilot to determine the air quality drivers for Sub-Saharan Africa",
                    "abstract": "This pilot project, AQD-Nairobi, was designed to integrate low and high temporal resolution low-cost air quality (AQ) measurements to determine AQ drivers in Nairobi and be an exemplar scientific study for sub-Saharan Africa."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 997,
                    "uuid": "ed171402ecb8c39456f28630c9467d77",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "Flood Risk from Extreme Events (FREE) is research to predict floods minutes to weeks and seasons to decades ahead.\r\nThe programme uses environmental science to investigate the physical processes involved in generating extreme events, so they can be better forecasted.\r\nThe FREE programme will research what causes and propagates floods, so helping to forecast and quantify flood risk, and inform our society about the likely effects of climate change. The FREE programme started in 2005 and ended in 2010. There have been three rounds of awards, through which 13 projects have been funded."
                },
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                    "ob_id": 4614,
                    "uuid": "e96bd9adc2b672b4232b3478c184f18d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP)",
                    "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. The project consisted of a pilot field campaign in July 2004 and the main field campaign in June, July and August 2005."
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                    "uuid": "073f8569e646194752561c22b6f2785c",
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                    "title": "Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Molecular Spectroscopy Facility (MSF) Data",
                    "abstract": "These data are held by the BADC for the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Molecular Spectroscopy Facility (MSF). MSF provides world-class scientific equipment and support for infrared (IR),visible, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The MSF laboratories are used by many UK and international customers in a wide range of research and development programmes. The data are spectra of various atmospheric gases. These data are public.\r\n\r\nThe data held covers the following areas:\r\n\r\nWater vapour line parameters\r\nMolecular oxygen absorption cross-sections\r\nMolecular oxygen/nitrogen absorption cross-sections\r\nHydrofluorocarbon (HFC) infrared absorption cross-sections\r\nPerfluorocarbon (PFC) infrared absorption cross-sections\r\nComputer software"
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                    "title": "Bolton Experiment: Microwave, Radar link attenuation and Raingauge data",
                    "abstract": "The Bolton Experiment: An Experimental Test of the Use of Microwave Attenuation to improve Rainfall Estimates in Urban Areas, and hence to Enhance Flood Warning\r\n\r\nThe Bolton Experiment was a NERC project with matching funds from industry which took place between 1999 and 2002.It was a collaboration between the University of Essex (Propagation and Remote Sensing group, the University of Salford (Telford Research Institute), and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Radiocommunications Research Unit) and the industrial partners North West Water Plc and Norweb Communications (both companies of United Utilities), the UK Meteorological Office, The Environment Agency and Crown Castle International.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of the study is to test the proposal developed at Essex, in conjunction with RAL, that the difference in attenuation at two microwave frequencies along a given path provides an accurate estimate of path-integrated rainfall rate, and to investigate its application to hydrological studies of urban catchments.\r\n\r\nThe catchment selected for study is the Bolton catchment, in which the town is largely surrounded by hills, and the River Croal is carried in culverts in the town centre. Four microwave links will be set up, three of them dual frequency and one single frequency. In addition to data from microwave links and radar, there will also be data available from a number of telemetered tipping bucket raingauges.\r\n\r\nThe dataset contains microwave, raingauge and radar data. It also contains data analysis to extract information from the link attenuation data on path-averaged rainfall rate, and comparison with the results with those obtained from the raingauges and the radar. The dataset is now public."
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            "title": "Meteorological Institute, Free University Berlin, Germany",
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                    "uuid": "4264875db3d6b70acd34b63781a349d4",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Berlin Stratospheric Data Series: Gridded Northern Hemisphere Strastospheric Data Series Produced by the Meteorological Institute, Free University of Berlin",
                    "abstract": "This is a copy of The Berlin Stratospheric Data Series provided to the BADC by K. Labitzke and her collaborators (2002) as a CD from the Meteorological Institute, Free University Berlin. This data set contains temperature and geopotential height data on the 100, 50, 30, 10 mb pressure surfaces produced at the Meteorological Institute, Free University of Berlin, from radiosonde data and rocket observations. This data series also contains summer, winter and annual trends and variability of the data, climatological monthly mean temperature and geopotential height at 30 mb, and intercomparisons with other data series. There are also sections on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the global signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the stratosphere."
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            "title": "UK-Japan Climate Collaboration (UJCC) project",
            "abstract": "Earth-system modelling data from the UK-Japan Climate Collaboration (UJCC). The project is a joint project between the Hadley Centre (DEFRA) and the NCAS-CGAM (Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling) at the University of Reading.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Ensemble of Earth-system Modelling Data from the UK-Japan Climate Collaboration (UJCC) Project",
                    "abstract": "Earth-system modelling data from the UK-Japan Climate Collaboration (UJCC). The project is a joint project between the Hadley Centre (DEFRA) and the NCAS-CGAM (Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling) at the University of Reading. UJCC makes use of a broad group of models in order to systematically explore the role and value of resolution in climate system research. The dataset comprises of UJCC 30 year simulations from models at resolutions of either (1.25 lat x 1.875 lon) or (0.83 lat x 1.25 lon) with differing degrees of atmosphere-ocean coupling (1 degree ocean or 1/3 degree ocean). The dataset also includes NUGAM (Nihon-UK Global Environmental Model) Atmosphere only simulations and NUGEM Coupled atmosphere and ocean simulations which are both at the same resolution (0.83 lat x 0.56 lon, corresponding to ~60 km in mid-latitudes)."
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            "title": "Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE)",
            "abstract": "SPADE was a NASA aircraft campaign based at NASA Ames during 1992 and 1993.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "SPADE, aircraft, model, stratosphere, photochemistry, aerosols, dynamics",
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE): Airborne Measurements of Meteorological Parameters, Atmospheric Composition and Aerosols",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains data from the Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) which was based at NASA Ames Research Center in California during portions of 1992 and 1993.\r\n\r\nThe data consist of measurements collected onboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft, and selected radiosonde soundings from stations in the region of the experiment. Flights were conducted during October and November of 1992, April and May of 1993, and October of 1993.\r\n\r\nTheory team products come in two forms: as quantities evaluated along flight tracks and as global or hemispheric fields. Meteorological quantities, such as temperature, geopotential, and potential vorticity are available in both forms. They are based on analyses from both the U.S. National Meteorological Center and from the Assimilation Model of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Other quantities, available along flight tracks only, include visible reflectivity, cloud height, UV reflectivity, and total ozone. The first two are derived from GOES imagery, the last two from the Meteor TOMS sensor. Finally, calculations of mixing ratios of selected chemical species using a photochemical steady state model are available along the flight track."
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            "uuid": "ed171402ecb8c39456f28630c9467d77",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) NERC Research Programme",
            "abstract": "Flood Risk from Extreme Events (FREE) is research to predict floods minutes to weeks and seasons to decades ahead.\r\nThe programme uses environmental science to investigate the physical processes involved in generating extreme events, so they can be better forecasted.\r\nThe FREE programme will research what causes and propagates floods, so helping to forecast and quantify flood risk, and inform our society about the likely effects of climate change. The FREE programme started in 2005 and ended in 2010. There have been three rounds of awards, through which 13 projects have been funded.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
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                    "ob_id": 11980,
                    "uuid": "2c711ae8fcf7a676301db6909350b71b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Modelling groundwater flood risk in the Chalk aquifer from future extreme rainfall events",
                    "abstract": "The Modelling groundwater flood risk in the Chalk aquifer from future extreme rainfall events Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002307/1 - Duration April 2007 - April 2010) led by Prof Howard Wheater, Imperial College London. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11978,
                    "uuid": "2d9f6ae2831417fbed2c64e28ee4202d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Changing coastlines: data assimilation for morphodynamic prediction and predictability",
                    "abstract": "The Changing coastlines: data assimilation for morphodynamic prediction and predictability project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002048/1 - Duration January 2007 - October 2010) led by Dr S. Dance, University of Reading. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the British Oceanographic Data Centre."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12009,
                    "uuid": "7170fd8a63c1325dbe5187daf421d788",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Coastal Flooding by Extreme Events (CoFEE)",
                    "abstract": "The Coastal Flooding by Extreme Events (CoFEE) project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002471/1 - Duration April 2007 - May 2010) led by Prof. Jon Williams, University of Plymouth. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the British Oceanographic Data Centre."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11984,
                    "uuid": "8060cf5b80538bf19e8d640a291dec20",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Ensemble Prediction of Innundation Risk and Uncertainty arising from Scour (EPIRUS)",
                    "abstract": "The Ensemble Prediction of Innundation Risk and Uncertainty arising from Scour (EPIRUS) Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002129/1 - Duration January 2007 - January 2011) led by Dr Qingping Zou, University of Plymouth. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the British Oceanographic Data Centre."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11990,
                    "uuid": "ca074e1d672bc301ef336ae7c8691236",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - A data-driven exploratory study of extreme events based on joint probability analysis",
                    "abstract": "The A data-driven exploratory study of extreme events based on joint probability analysis project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 2 - NE/F001037/1 - Duration October 2007 - October 2010) led by Dr Cecilia Svensson, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). Only metadata are expected to be produced."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11973,
                    "uuid": "8b89bca9932b76ec221c2e2525df44cd",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Uncertainty Assessments of Flood Inundation Impacts: Using spatial climate change scenarios to drive ensembles of distributed models for extremes",
                    "abstract": "The Uncertainty Assessments of Flood Inundation Impacts: Using spatial climate change scenarios to drive ensembles of distributed models for extremes Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002242/1 - Duration December 2006 - Septembre 2010) led by Prof Glenn McGregor, King's College London. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11983,
                    "uuid": "a4cbc22ce817cbaccbfb93f1aba48ef1",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - FRACAS: a next generation national Flood Risk Assessment under climate ChAnge Scenarios Project",
                    "abstract": "The FRACAS: a next generation national Flood Risk Assessment under climate ChAnge Scenarios Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002420/1 - Duration January 2007 - March 2011) led by Mr Nick Reynard of the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). The data and metadata from this project will be stored at NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11987,
                    "uuid": "d73969a9c2045e5e8c2ce0aa6d314a8b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Local flood forecasting capability for fluvial and estuarine floods: Use of GridStix for constraining uncertainty in predictive models",
                    "abstract": "The Local flood forecasting capability for fluvial and estuarine floods: Use of GridStix for constraining uncertainty in predictive models Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002439/1 - Duration October 2007 - October 2009) led by Prof Keith Beven, Lancaster University. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11976,
                    "uuid": "5e3e69a0e349b06a0c1980feae269290",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - A hybrid model for predicting the probablity of very extreme rainfall",
                    "abstract": "A hybrid model for predicting the probablity of very extreme rainfall project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 2 - NE/F011822/1 - Duration January 2008 - January 2010) led by Prof Ralf Toumi, Imperial College London."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11982,
                    "uuid": "f22d38abdb2d096c9af7e2312e190230",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Identification of changing precipitation extremes and attribution to atmospheric, oceanic and climatic changes",
                    "abstract": "The Identification of changing precipitation extremes and attribution to atmospheric, oceanic and climatic changes Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002412/1 - Duration February 2007 - January 2009) led by Dr Tim Osborn, University of East Anglia (UEA)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11992,
                    "uuid": "800adcadb0346874a5e1d153fedf29ce",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "FREE - Land Use Management Effects in Extreme Floods",
                    "abstract": "The Land Use Management Effects in Extreme Floods project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 2 - NE/F001134/1 - Duration December 2007 - March 2011) led by Prof PE O'Connell, Newcastle University. The data and metadata from this project will be stored at the BADC."
                }
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                    "ob_id": 5353,
                    "uuid": "108ec79af9ede50c5438d1b4574281da",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE): Historical Rainfall Data and Maps from the Quantifying Flood Risk of Extreme Events using Density Forecasts Based on a New Digital Archive and Weather Ensemble Predictions Project",
                    "abstract": "The Quantifying Flood Risk of Extreme Events using Density Forecasts Based on a New Digital Archive and Weather Ensemble Predictions Project is a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002013/1 - Duration January 2007 - December 2008) led by Dr Patrick McSharry, University of Oxford. The dataset contains a collection of rainfall depth maxima data, dating back to 1860, plus associated description documents and rainfall maps of extreme events across the UK, have been used. All of these products have been digitised from the paper version of the British Rainfall publication, and are now archived at the BADC to enable easy access for future use and the wider community.\r\n\r\nFloods in the UK are often caused by heavy rainfall lasting from minutes to weeks. Efficient management and mitigation of flood risk, especially surface water flooding in urban areas, requires accurate and reliable precipitation forecasts as inputs to flood risk models. Houses in flat areas are particularly at risk and meeting the shortage of houses in the south-east requires building on these areas. To estimate the flood hazard risk in order to try to protect these buildings, accurate rainfall predictions are needed. However, the connection between record rainfall and flooding is highly nonlinear, so that rainfall predictions must also say how likely rainfall is at any time - calculating the probability of rainfall.\r\n\r\nExtreme rainfalls caused devastating floods in Boscastle in 2004 and Lynmouth in 1952, but the causes and pattern of rainfall was different. Therefore, scientists also need to know what pattern of rainfall caused the flooding.\r\n\r\nThis research aims to get good quality predictions of the probability of rainfall by combining advanced methods from statistics, the output from a new supercomputer model of the weather, and a new computer archive of exteme rainfalls going back to 1866 (and up to 1968), provided by a specialist company Hydro-GIS Ltd. It also aims to produce an automatic system for discovering the most likely pattern in the predicted rainfalls. The new prediction system and data will be freely available over the internet for use by the government and universities."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 994,
                    "uuid": "f37b798c177e7de3c07426b4fc619d13",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE): Radiosonde, Wind Profiles Data and Model Output from the Exploitation of new data sources, data assimilation and ensemble techniques for storm and flood forecasting project",
                    "abstract": "The Exploitation of new data sources, data assimilation and ensemble techniques for storm and flood forecasting Project is a NERC Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) Research Programme project (Round 1 - NE/E002137/1 - Duration January 2007 - April 2010) led by Prof AJ Illingworth, University of Reading. This project investigates possible methods of producing ensemble weather forecasts at high-resolution. These ensembles will be used with raingauge and river flow to improve methods of flood forecasting. The dataset includes radiosonde and wind profiles in England and Wales derived using Doppler radar returns from insects. The radial velocity measurements from insects were converted into VAD profiles by fitting a sinusoid to radial velocities at constant range. All measured profiles have been interpolated to the instrument location. \r\nModel output files from experiments assimilating radial winds from insects are also available.\r\n\r\nFloods in the UK are often caused by extreme rainfall events. At present, weather forecasts can give an indication of a threat of severe storms which might cause flash floods, but are unable to say precisely when and where the downpours will occur, due to the complex range of processes and space-time scales involved. The first stage is to predict the air motions leading to convergence and ascent at a certain location where the precipitation will be initiated, then the development of the precipitation needs to be forecast, and hydrological models used to produce accurate, quantitative, probabilistic flood predictions. Data assimilation is a sophisticated mathematical technique that combines observations with model predictions to give an analysis of the current state of the atmosphere. This analysis may be used to initialise a weather forecast. Although precipitation is well observed by weather radar, attempts to assimilate radar data have had little success; by the time the rain develops the forecast model state is too far from the truth and the air motions are inconsistent with the position of the first radar precipitation echo.\r\n\r\nWe propose to overcome this problem by assimilating new types of data from weather radars. These provide information on the evolving humidity fields and air motions in the lower atmosphere so that the model can accurately track the developing storm before precipitation appears. The model used will be a new Met Office model that can be run with a resolution (i.e., grid-spacing) of order 1-4km. This enables storm-cloud motions to be explicitly calculated, rather than treated as a sub-grid-scale effect. Furthermore, current operational forecast models are only updated with observations every few hours; in the new approach the model will be updated much more frequently. This should yield weather forecasts with improved locations (in space-time) for rainfall events.\r\n\r\nInitialisation errors are not the only cause of inaccuracies in storm-scale weather forecasts. Models are often run only for a small region of the world, and the data on the boundaries of this area provided from a larger-scale model. These data are known as lateral boundary conditions. Errors in these lateral boundary conditions and modelling errors also contribute to the errors in the forecast. Even if these errors were reduced, the nonlinear nature of the storm dynamics ensures that there is a limit, beyond which the value of deterministic forecasts becomes questionable. After that point it becomes important to determine the uncertainties in the forecast precipitation, so an ensemble approach is required. (An ensemble is a collection of perturbed forecasts that may be considered as a statistical sample of the forecast probability distribution.)\r\n\r\nThe appropriate construction of a storm-scale ensemble is an open question. We propose a structured approach where perturbations will be designed on the basis of physical insight into convective forcing mechanisms. The resulting probabilistic rainfall forecasts can be interfaced to hydrological models used for flood forecasting. For the first time, this project will allow different scales of application of these methods to be supported: ranging from localised flash flooding of small catchments, through to indicative first-alert forecasting with UK-coverage and forecasting of river discharges to the sea. The project will also assess the impacts of improvements in numerical weather prediction on flood forecast performance.\r\n\r\nIn this project we anticipate fruitful interactions between the different disciplines of observations and measurement, meteorology and hydrology. Radar assimilation software development and ensemble forecasts will take place using Met Office models, so improvements can be implemented operationally very easily. The use of operational radars makes this project well placed to take advantage of data from any extreme events occurring during the period of the study.\r\n\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6269,
                    "uuid": "4edf2c81f19af1bf6183c2db4c1e8eb8",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) The Flood Action Team (FLoAT) project: Aerial images corresponding to the June/July 2007 Flood Events in the UK",
                    "abstract": "The Flood Action Team (FLoAT) project is intended to collate a variety of data collected during the June and July 2007 Flood events in the UK (e.g. Tewkesbury event in 2007). This project is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) - project Ref. R8/H12/69 - through the Flood Risk for Extreme Events (FREE) NERC directed mode programme. Aerial images of the Tewkesbury area, which include the river Severn and the river Avon, were collected during the flood events of summer 2007."
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "CRYOspheric STudies of Atmospheric Trends (CRYOSTAT)",
            "abstract": "CRYOSTAT will undertake the first combined measurements of \"greenhouse\", ozone-depleting, and other gases in contiguous fern-ice profiles, spanning 200 years or more, in both hemispheres. Using linked fern transport and atmospheric chemistry models, histories of global meridian and vertical distributions (troposphere and stratosphere) of the gases will be reconstructed. Sources and sinks, both natural and anthropogenic, will be identified and quantified using novel isotope analyses and trace gas modelling. The trends will be further used to determine changes from pre-industry to present in:\n(a) radiative forcing from greenhouse gases, \n(b) stratospheric ozone, temperature and chemistry, and \n(c) troposphere ozone and photochemical state. Vital improvements in cryophilic and atmospheric modelling capabilities will result. CRYOSTAT will thereby contribute to the scientific underpinning of the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols.  \n\nCRYOSTAT is an evolution of the FIRETRACC/100 project, the data from which is also held at BADC.\n\nThe CRYOSTAT project is funded by the CEC (Project reference EVK2-2001-00116). The Scientific Co-ordinator is Dr William Sturges at the University of East Anglia, UK.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "status": "",
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Combined Measurements of Greenhouse Gases, Ozone-depleting Substances and Related Trace Gases in Contiguous Firn and Ice Profiles as part of the CRYOspheric STudies of Atmospheric Trends (CRYOSTAT) Project",
                    "abstract": "The CRYOspheric STudies of Atmospheric Trends in stratospherically and radiatively important gases (CRYOSTAT) will undertake the first combined measurements of virtually all significant Greenhouse gases (GHGs)(other than water vapour), ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and related trace gases in contiguous firn and ice profiles, spanning as much as 200 years, from both the northern and southern polar ice caps. The dataset contains concentrations of isotopes (CH4, N20, CO, CO2, N20, SF6, CH3Br, halocarbons, and hydrocarbons) in firn, N2O concentrations in ice, ice core density, firn diffusivity, and weather measurements. CRYOSTAT is an evolution of the FIRETRACC/100 project, the data from which is also held at BADC."
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                786,
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            "ob_id": 1078,
            "uuid": "d13ab45d5eb43b79782b4db436596e86",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment (ASHOE) / Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (MAESA)",
            "abstract": "The Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment (ASHOE) is designed to examine the causes of ozone loss in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere and to investigate how the loss is related to polar, mid-latitude, and tropical processes. ASHOE will be conducted in concert with the campaign, Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (MAESA), whose focus is to provide information about stratospheric photochemistry and transport forassessing the potential environmental effects of stratospheric aircraft. These combined objectives will be met by a series of flights of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft from Christchurch, New Zealand, and on transit flights from Moffett Field, California, to Christchurch via Hawaii and Fiji. Flights of the remotely piloted vehicle Perseus, or possibly balloons, to higher altitudes in the tropics and mid-latitudes will also be made. There are several compelling reasons to study processes relating to ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere and tropical lower stratosphere.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "status": "",
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                    "ob_id": 1075,
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment (ASHOE) / Measurement for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (MAESA): In-situ Airborne and Ground-based and Remotely Sensed Atmospheric Measurements",
                    "abstract": "This CD-ROM contains data from the combined experiment: Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment; and Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (ASHOE/MAESA). This experiment was conducted in four phases between March and November 1994 at NASA Ames Research Center, California; Barbers Point, Hawaii; and Christchurch, New Zealand. Most of the data are essentially in their final form, but additional calibrations are being done for some instruments. A second edition incorporating any changes to the datasets is anticipated in mid 1996.\r\n\r\nThe data consist of in situ and remotely sensed measurements collected onboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft (including O3, H2O, N2O, CO2, CH4, CO, H2, SF6 and a wide range of CFCs); radiosonde, ozonesonde, and backscatter sonde balloon measurements; ground-based spectrometer and lidar measurements; and SAGE II satellite measurements. Theory teams provided calculations of: meteorological parameters in the form of partial hemispheric analyses, cross-sections along the ER-2 flight track, interpolations to the ER-2 flight path, and back- trajectories of selected parcels along the ER-2 flight path; photodissociation rates of selected chemical species along the ER-2 flight path; and cloud properties along the ER-2 flight track."
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS)",
            "abstract": "Since the early days of this century the Met Office has been responsible for maintaining the public memory of the weather. All meteorological observations made in the UK and over neighbouring sea areas have been carefully recorded and placed in an archive where they may be accessed today by those with an interest in the weather and where they will also be available to those in future generations. The current climate database is MIDAS (Met Office Integrated Data Archive System) which has a relational structure. The MIDAS database contains the following general types of meteorological data: surface observations over land areas of the UK as far back as the digital record extends, a selection of global surface observations for the last 20 years, global surface marine observations from national and international sources as far back as the digital record extends, radiosonde observations over the UK, and at overseas stations operated by the Met Office, as far back as the digital record extends, a selection of global radiosonde observations for the last 10 years.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "uuid": "fab53ee460e05f1b68e23657f4b6c5f4",
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                "title": "Met Office",
                "abstract": "The Met Office is the UK national meteorological service and one of the world's leading providers of environmental and weather-related services. Their solutions and services meet the needs of many communities of interest, from the general public, government and schools, through broadcasters and online media, to civil aviation and almost every other industry sector - in the UK and around the world. The Met Office headquarters are located in Exeter, UK. The Met Office makes a number of datasets available to the academic research community under the NERC - Met Office agreement. For further details of these datasets see the links to this record."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land  and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current)",
                    "abstract": "Land surface and marine surface observations data from the Met Office station network and other world wide stations as stored in the Met Office MIDAS database. Data are available for the period 1853 to present. The dataset comprises daily and hourly weather measurements, hourly wind parameters, max and min air temperatures, soil temperatures, sunshine duration and radiation measurements and daily, hourly and sub-hourly rain measurements, some climatology data and marine observations (including sea surface temperature, swell and wave associated parameters). This dataset collection supersedes the Met Office Land Surface Stations Dataset collection (1900-2000), also archived at the BADC."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 26184,
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office MIDAS Open: UK Land Surface Stations Data (1853-current)",
                    "abstract": "MIDAS Open is the open data version of the Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) containing land surface station data starting from 1853 and ending at the of the previous complete year. This collection comprises of hourly and daily weather measurements and observations of parameters relating to temperature, rainfall, sunshine, radiation, wind and weather observations such as present weather codes, cloud cover, snow etc.\r\n\r\nThe collection contains land surface observations data from those stations where the data have been designated as public sector information. Prior to version v202407 this consisted of stations operated by the Met Office only, but from version v202407, daily and hourly rainfall observations from stations with gauges owned by the Environment Agency (EA), Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) have also been included in the collection. Since then, stations owned by other third-party organisations where approval for inclusion has been reached have also been added to the product.\r\n\r\nAll of these data are provided under an Open Government Licence. \r\n\r\nThe current collection contains the following proportions of the fuller MIDAS dataset collection:\r\n\r\n96% of daily temperature observations\r\n96% of daily weather observations\r\n92% of hourly weather observations\r\n94% of daily rainfall observations\r\n96% of hourly rainfall observations\r\n98% of soil temperature observations\r\n96% of solar radiation observations\r\n93% of mean wind observations\r\n\r\nDaily rainfall: Versions up until MIDAS Open v202407 only have about 13% coverage of observations. In version v202407, the coverage was increased to 58% with the inclusion of the third-party hydrological agency stations. In version v202507, the coverage was increased further to 94% with the inclusion of historic closed stations.\r\n\r\nThe fuller \"Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current)\" collection is made available for academic use via the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis.\r\n\r\nThe MIDAS Open collection is updated annually in a delayed mode to ensure that data acquisition and quality control procedures have all been completed. Quality controlled (qc-version-1) and non-quality controlled (qc-version-0) data are available from 1853 where available, although this will vary by station depending on the operation period of the station. The collection includes stations which are currently operational as well as stations which were operational in the past and have since closed.\r\n\r\nEach version of the dataset will include data up until the end of the previous complete year relative to the year in the version number of the dataset (e.g. v202407 included data up until the end of 2023).\r\n\r\nNote: This collection does not supersede the full MIDAS collection which is also archived at CEDA."
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            "title": "UK Universities' Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP)",
            "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) support fundamental research in all areas of atmospheric science carried out by the university based research community. UGAMP (UK Universities' Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme) funded by NERC, helped to strengthen the role of the UK universities in the vital area of numerical modelling of the large scale atmosphere.\r\n\r\nUGAMP has allowed UK university groups to lead developments in many areas of atmospheric science such as storm-tracks, monsoons and ozone loss, and to play an important part in international scientific programmes. By establishing close working relationships with two of the World's leading weather centres, ECMWF and the UK Meteorological Office, UGAMP has been able to take full advantage of their modelling developments and has enjoyed the additional benefit of access to the best available atmospheric data sets. UGAMP continues to deliver excellence in research, excellence in technical support and excellence in training for young scientists.\r\n\r\nUGAMP has close links to many UK and International organisations, including:\r\n\r\nUnited Kingdom Meteorological Office\r\nEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\r\nBritish Antarctic Survey\r\nBritish Atmospheric Data Centre\r\nCentre for Ecology and Hydrology\r\nEnvironmental Science Systems Centre (formerly NUTIS)\r\nUpper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere Ozone Scientific Research Programme (UTLS)\r\nClimatic Research Unit\r\nLeeds University , School of Chemistry\r\nLeicester University , Earth Observation Science group\r\nSouthampton Oceanography Centre\r\nLawrence Livermore National Laboratory\r\nMétéo France",
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            "keywords": "UGAMp, Model, Climate, ozone",
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                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP) Global Ozone Climatology Project Dataset",
                    "abstract": "The UGAMP ozone climatology consists in a 4-dimensional distribution of ozone that has been built up from the combination of several observational data sets. These data sets include satellite observations (SBUV, SAGE II, SME, TOMS) as well as ozone sonde data provided by the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada. This global climatology, covering five years (1985 to 1989), was originally established to replace the simpler ozone climatologies used as input in the UGAMP models (ECMWF parameterization or 2-D zonal means deduced from satellite data). It provides monthly means of the ozone column above the grid levels as well as 5-year averages and zonal averages of these monthly means, on a 2.5 x 2.5 deg horizontal grid and over 47 levels, from the ground up to 0.001 mb. Software to convert ozone columns into mixing ratio and to interpolate the data on any required grid is also available."
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            "uuid": "a4d5e011739f1e5be244c3b895804f38",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "RAPID-WATCH - The Value of the RAPID array for climate predictions (VALOR)",
            "abstract": "The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) involves a northward movement of warm surface waters balanced by a southward movement of cold deep waters. The net effect is to transport ~1PW of heat northwards. This heat is released to the atmosphere in mid-high latitudes, where it acts to warm the climate, notably in northern Europe. The future behaviour of the AMOC is an issue of major importance in climate prediction. Forecasts presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that, in response to greenhouse gas forcing, the AMOC may slow down, reducing the northward transport of heat by the Atlantic Ocean, and leading to a cooling of northern Europe that could offset anthropogenic warming. Moreover, there is evidence from palaeoclimate records that the AMOC can undergo very rapid transitions such as a total shutdown within little more than a decade. \r\n\r\nIt is possible that increasing levels of greenhouse gases could trigger such a rapid change with potentially serious consequences for societies in Europe and other regions surrounding the Atlantic basin. In the face of such risks, there is an obvious need for better, more quantitative, forecasts of the future behaviour of the AMOC. Such forecasts could provide early warning of possible rapid changes in the AMOC in future The RAPID array is a measurement system for observing the current state of the AMOC. \r\n\r\nThe overarching goal of the VALOR project was to assess the value of these observations for predicting the future behaviour of the AMOC, and its impacts on climate. The project explored a range of issues concerning the design of a potential AMOC prediction system. To achieve its goals VALOR exploited the RAPID observations in a variety of ways. First the observations were used as independent data to assess the quality of current ocean \"analyses\" (An \"analysis\" provides a quantitative description of the state of the ocean at a given time.). Next, they were used to improve the analyses. Finally, they were used to provide the starting conditions for a large set of \"hindcasts\". Hindcasts are predictions made from a date in the past, which only make use of information that would have been available at that date. These predictions can then be compared to what actually happened to assess prediction skill. \r\n\r\nVALOR carried out a suite of hindcast experiments to quantify the extent to which the RAPID observations can improve the skill of predictions of the AMOC and its impacts on climate. An important dimension of the project is that it involves agencies who are directly involved in operational climate forecasting: the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting. By involving these partners from the start the project will benefit from their experience and expertise, and the scientific advances achieved through the research will feed directly into better climate predictions.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "RAPID, Climate change, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 1292,
                "uuid": "831435ae52c634f3e85f84d18024d00b",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "RAPID-WATCH",
                "abstract": "RAPID-WATCH builds on RAPID to deliver a decade-long (2004-2014) time series of observations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). RAPID-WATCH aims to deliver a robust and scientifically credible assessment of the risk to the climate of UK and Europe arising from a rapid change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The programme also assessed the need for a long-term observing system that could detect major MOC changes, narrow uncertainty in projections of future change, and possibly be the start of an 'early warning' prediction system.\r\n\r\nThe observations were used with data from other sources to:\r\n\r\n    * determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC,\r\n    * assess the risk of rapid climate change due to changes in the MOC, and\r\n    * investigate the potential for predicting the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe objectives were:\r\n\r\n   1.To deliver a decade-long time series of calibrated and quality-controlled measurements of the Atlantic MOC from the RAPID-WATCH arrays.\r\n   2.To exploit the data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and elsewhere to determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC, assess the risk of rapid climate change, and investigate the potential for predictions of the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe RAPID-WATCH arrays are the existing 26 deg N MOC observing system array and the WAVE array that monitors the Deep Western Boundary Current. These measurements will continue to span the period 2004-2014. \r\nThe second objective was addressed through studies designed to answer four questions:\r\n\r\n   1.How can we exploit data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays to obtain estimates of the MOC and related variables?\r\n   2.What do the observations from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and other sources tell us about the nature and causes of recent changes in the Atlantic Ocean?\r\n   3.What are the implications of RAPID-WATCH array data and other recent observations for estimates of the risk due to rapid change in the MOC?\r\n   4.Could we use RAPID-WATCH and other observations to help predict future changes in the MOC and climate?\r\n\r\n5 modelling projects have been funded under RAPID_WATCH.\r\n\r\nThis work will be carried out in collaboration with the Hadley Centre in the UK, and through international partnerships.\r\n\r\nDr Meric Srokosz is the Science Co-ordinator for the programme and Dr Val Byfield is the Deputy Science Co-ordinator. Dr. Craig Wallace is the Knowledge Transfer co-ordinator. They have established a Rapid Climate Change project office at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "RAPID-WATCH VALOR: NEMO, FOAM AND ECMWF Model output",
                    "abstract": "RAPID-WATCH VALOR project investigated how the inclusion of RAPID-WATCH observations into the 'initial conditions', used to start climate model simulations, can refine predictions of the future climate and, particularly, the future state of the AMOC.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains NEMO, FOAM AND ECMWF Model output.\r\n\r\nThe project developed ways to assimilate the RAPID-WATCH and other ocean observations into ocean models which were then used to produce ocean 'syntheses' - complete data sets of our best guess of past ocean state. Similar syntheses were also produced which exclude the RAPID-WATCH observations. Both of these sytheses were then used to start prediction experiments in climate models. By comparing the climate model simulations starting with and without the RAPID-WATCH observations, the impact of the the RAPID-WATCH array observations on climate predictions, and the climate model AMOC were found."
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            "uuid": "831435ae52c634f3e85f84d18024d00b",
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            "title": "RAPID-WATCH",
            "abstract": "RAPID-WATCH builds on RAPID to deliver a decade-long (2004-2014) time series of observations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). RAPID-WATCH aims to deliver a robust and scientifically credible assessment of the risk to the climate of UK and Europe arising from a rapid change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The programme also assessed the need for a long-term observing system that could detect major MOC changes, narrow uncertainty in projections of future change, and possibly be the start of an 'early warning' prediction system.\r\n\r\nThe observations were used with data from other sources to:\r\n\r\n    * determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC,\r\n    * assess the risk of rapid climate change due to changes in the MOC, and\r\n    * investigate the potential for predicting the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe objectives were:\r\n\r\n   1.To deliver a decade-long time series of calibrated and quality-controlled measurements of the Atlantic MOC from the RAPID-WATCH arrays.\r\n   2.To exploit the data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and elsewhere to determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC, assess the risk of rapid climate change, and investigate the potential for predictions of the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe RAPID-WATCH arrays are the existing 26 deg N MOC observing system array and the WAVE array that monitors the Deep Western Boundary Current. These measurements will continue to span the period 2004-2014. \r\nThe second objective was addressed through studies designed to answer four questions:\r\n\r\n   1.How can we exploit data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays to obtain estimates of the MOC and related variables?\r\n   2.What do the observations from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and other sources tell us about the nature and causes of recent changes in the Atlantic Ocean?\r\n   3.What are the implications of RAPID-WATCH array data and other recent observations for estimates of the risk due to rapid change in the MOC?\r\n   4.Could we use RAPID-WATCH and other observations to help predict future changes in the MOC and climate?\r\n\r\n5 modelling projects have been funded under RAPID_WATCH.\r\n\r\nThis work will be carried out in collaboration with the Hadley Centre in the UK, and through international partnerships.\r\n\r\nDr Meric Srokosz is the Science Co-ordinator for the programme and Dr Val Byfield is the Deputy Science Co-ordinator. Dr. Craig Wallace is the Knowledge Transfer co-ordinator. They have established a Rapid Climate Change project office at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton.",
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                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
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                    "short_code": "proj",
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                    "abstract": "The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) involves a northward movement of warm surface waters balanced by a southward movement of cold deep waters. The net effect is to transport ~1PW of heat northwards. This heat is released to the atmosphere in mid-high latitudes, where it acts to warm the climate, notably in northern Europe. The future behaviour of the AMOC is an issue of major importance in climate prediction. Forecasts presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that, in response to greenhouse gas forcing, the AMOC may slow down, reducing the northward transport of heat by the Atlantic Ocean, and leading to a cooling of northern Europe that could offset anthropogenic warming. Moreover, there is evidence from palaeoclimate records that the AMOC can undergo very rapid transitions such as a total shutdown within little more than a decade. \r\n\r\nIt is possible that increasing levels of greenhouse gases could trigger such a rapid change with potentially serious consequences for societies in Europe and other regions surrounding the Atlantic basin. In the face of such risks, there is an obvious need for better, more quantitative, forecasts of the future behaviour of the AMOC. Such forecasts could provide early warning of possible rapid changes in the AMOC in future The RAPID array is a measurement system for observing the current state of the AMOC. \r\n\r\nThe overarching goal of the VALOR project was to assess the value of these observations for predicting the future behaviour of the AMOC, and its impacts on climate. The project explored a range of issues concerning the design of a potential AMOC prediction system. To achieve its goals VALOR exploited the RAPID observations in a variety of ways. First the observations were used as independent data to assess the quality of current ocean \"analyses\" (An \"analysis\" provides a quantitative description of the state of the ocean at a given time.). Next, they were used to improve the analyses. Finally, they were used to provide the starting conditions for a large set of \"hindcasts\". Hindcasts are predictions made from a date in the past, which only make use of information that would have been available at that date. These predictions can then be compared to what actually happened to assess prediction skill. \r\n\r\nVALOR carried out a suite of hindcast experiments to quantify the extent to which the RAPID observations can improve the skill of predictions of the AMOC and its impacts on climate. An important dimension of the project is that it involves agencies who are directly involved in operational climate forecasting: the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting. By involving these partners from the start the project will benefit from their experience and expertise, and the scientific advances achieved through the research will feed directly into better climate predictions."
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                    "uuid": "3a3581ea8e34ec5843868c49a51cf8d5",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "RAPID-WATCH - Risk Assessment, Probability and Impacts Team (RAPID-RAPIT)",
                    "abstract": "RAPIT was looking at the problem of estimating the risk of the collapse of the overturning circulation. Using modern statistical methods for the analysis of complex numerical models, large ensembles of two Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models (HADCM3 and CHIME) will be analysed.\r\n\r\nStudies of large excursions of the strength of the overturning in existing control runs will be used to guide our choice of metrics and diagnostics.\r\n\r\nTo produce the large number of model runs that are required for the statistical analysis, the climateprediction.net system was used."
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            "title": "Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP)",
            "abstract": "The Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) was conducted onboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft in January and February, 1987 based in Darwin, Australia. STEP was carried out under NASA and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                {
                    "ob_id": 1297,
                    "uuid": "69ad272b5fb60dd1c0361ed20bec341a",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP): Trace Gases and Aerosol Measurements",
                    "abstract": "This data was collected from the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) conducted onboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft in January and February, 1987 based in Darwin, Australia. This mission was the last of 6 STEP missions which began with the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) in April 1984.\r\n\r\nThe Darwin, Australia phase of STEP utilized 15 instruments and accessed the world's highest, coldest tropopause as well as the largest penetrating cumulonimbus anvils. The flights were designed to test a dehydration mechanism proposed by Danielsen (1982), as well as to acquire sufficient data to test and develop other hypotheses.\r\n\r\nThe STEP missions were designed to investigate different aspects of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (in mass, trace gases, and aerosols), including cloud-free and cloud-dominated mechanisms in both the mid-latitudes and the tropics. STEP was carried out under NASA and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).\r\n\r\nData from the NASA/NOAA aircraft campaign based in Darwin, Australia in January and February 1987. Designed to investigate mechanisms of equatorial stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Measurements include trace gases and aerosol in cloud free and cloud dominated conditions. This dataset is public."
                }
            ],
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                957,
                958
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        {
            "ob_id": 1341,
            "uuid": "ae2203ccbca9b6d5b28b35e66b2bcd05",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NERC Research Mode 2010 Projects",
            "abstract": "Data generated from NERC Research Mode 2010 funding programme and stored for long-term archiving at the BADC.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NERC, Research Mode",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 12272,
                    "uuid": "384c5deb0dd3431daa2e18dce94bede0",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Quantifying the Amazon Isoprene Budget: Reconciling Top-down versus Bottom-up Emission Estimates Project",
                    "abstract": "The term climate change is now a household phrase and we are used to hearing about rising greenhouse gas levels and global warming. One of the first events that increased the public's awareness of environmental issues was the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in the 1980s. Ozone is a gas that comprises only a tiny fraction of all the gases that make up the atmosphere but it is very important in climate. At high altitudes (about 15 to 30 km), there is lots of ozone which is good thing for the planet, as it shields the Sun's harmful UV radiation. However, ozone is a toxic substance and if it builds up within the troposphere (the lowermost part of the atmosphere) and at the surface then this is not good. Tropospheric ozone is bad for us because it is (a) a greenhouse gas, and (b) and air pollutant that affects the human respiratory system and agricultural crop yields. Ozone is produced near the surface when substances known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from the surface and subsequently react within the atmosphere. VOCs can be emitted from human activities, but they are predominantly emitted by vegetation that grows on land. Of all the biogenic VOCs emitted into the atmosphere, none is more important than isoprene owing to its ability to quickly react with other compounds (to produce tropospheric ozone) and because it is emitted in large amounts. Isoprene is also important, as it is a source of very small particles called secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that scatter light, which influences how the Earth warms, and which also have adverse health effects. We need to know (a) when, (b) where and (c) how much isoprene is emitted into the atmosphere in order to better understand tropospheric ozone and SOA. Currently we use generic computer models that are based on observations to simulate the amount of isoprene emitted from different types of vegetation, such as trees or grasses. Isoprene emissions from the Amazon Basin, which contains the world's largest rain forest and is thought to be one of the biggest isoprene sources, are poorly quantified since it is very difficult to measure the emissions in this largely inaccessible and remote region. Satellite observations of a gas called formaldehyde (HCHO), contain information on isoprene emissions, and can be used to determine the amount of isoprene emitted from terrestrial vegetation. The overall goal of my proposal is to use satellite observations of HCHO to accurately quantify isoprene emissions from the Amazon Basin. To achieve this goal I will develop a new unique high resolution model for the Amazon, which will be able to simulate isoprene emissions and atmospheric chemistry at finer spatial scales than have been able previously. I will then compare the isoprene emissions from this 'bottom-up' model with the 'top-down' isoprene emissions inferred from the satellite observations of HCHO, to identify regions or time periods where there is significant disagreement between the model and the observations, which highlights where we have poor understanding of the isoprene emissions. I will then develop an improved isoprene emission model by fine tuning the 'bottom-up' emission model to the inferred 'top-down' emissions, taking into account individual scenes (utilizing the high spatial resolution of the nested-grid) and different seasons. By reconciling the differences between the 'bottom-up' model and the 'top-down' emissions we will gain a more accurate estimate of how much isoprene is emitted from the Amazon, and more importantly gain a better understanding of the factors that influence when it is emitted. This research is important because the Amazon Basin is also one of the regions identified as being most susceptible to climate change, and it is crucial we determine the key factors that influence its isoprene emissions in order to improve confidence in our ability to predict future climate. \r\n\r\nObjectives: \r\n\r\n1) Develop a high resolution, nested-grid chemistry-transport model, centred over the Amazon, which will be driven using two bottom-up isoprene emission models that are based on fundamentally different approaches to simulate isoprene fluxes \r\n\r\n2) Compare the simulated isoprene emissions and oxidation products, from the two bottom-up inventories, against each other and in situ observations to assess which is more accurate \r\n\r\n3) Optimally estimate Amazon isoprene emissions using a Bayesian approach constrained by satellite observations of formaldehyde \r\n\r\n4) Develop emission model parameterizations that will reconcile the spatial and temporal differences between the top-down and bottom-up estimates \r\n\r\n5) Quantify the difference of the bottom-up and top-down isoprene emissions on the Amazonian atmospheric chemistry\r\n\r\nThis project was funded by NERC under grant NE/G013810/1."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12273,
                    "uuid": "5fcda0aef03b4f0eaa2a665c69b5e029",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Snow-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions over Heterogeneous Landscapes Project",
                    "abstract": "By modifying the amount of solar radiation absorbed at the land surface, bright snow and dark forests have strong influences on weather and climate; either a decrease in snow cover or an increase in forest cover, which shades underlying snow, increases the absorption of radiation and warms the overlying air. \r\n\r\nComputer models for weather forecasting and climate prediction thus have to take these effects into account by calculating the changing mass of snow on the ground and interactions of radiation with forest canopies. Such models generally have coarse resolutions ranging from kilometres to hundreds of kilometres. Forest cover cannot be expected to be continuous over such large distances; instead, northern landscapes are mosaics of evergreen and deciduous forests, clearings, bogs and lakes. Snow can be removed from open areas by wind, shaded by surrounding vegetation or sublimated from forest canopies without ever reaching the ground, and these processes which influence patterns of snow cover depend on the size of the openings, the structure of the vegetation and weather conditions. Snow itself influences patterns of vegetation cover by supplying water, insulating plants and soil from cold winter temperatures and storing nutrients.\r\n\r\nThe aim of this project was to develop better methods for representing interactions between snow, vegetation and the atmosphere in models that, for practical applications, cannot resolve important scales in the patterns of these interactions.\r\n\r\nInformation was gathered on distributions of snow, vegetation and radiation during two field experiments at sites in the arctic: one in Sweden and the other in Finland. These sites were chosen because they have long records of weather and snow conditions, easy access, good maps of vegetation cover from satellites and aircraft and landscapes ranging from sparse deciduous forests to dense coniferous forests that are typical of much larger areas. \r\n\r\nUsing 28 radiometers, and moving them several times during the course of each experiment, allowed us to measure the highly variable patterns of radiation at the snow surface in forests.\r\n\r\nInformation from the field experiments have been used in developing and testing a range of models. To reach the scales of interest, we began with a model that explicitly resolves individual trees and work up through models with progressively coarser resolutions, testing the models at each stage against each other and in comparison with observations. The ultimate objective was a model that will be better able to make use of landscape information in predicting the absorption of radiation at the surface and the accumulation and melt of snow. \r\n\r\nThis project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for three and a half years from November 2010 to February 2014 (NERC Reference: NE/H008187/1).\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12274,
                    "uuid": "22bd6d14c5d74b84bd5a0835b9f9fb7a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Interrogating Trees as Archives of Environmental Sulphur Variability Project",
                    "abstract": "'Give me a tree and I'll read climate history' is the basic premise of dendrochronology, and to a large extent is perfectly true. Each ring within a tree represents one year of growth and contains within it a record of the prevailing environmental conditions. Trees can thus be age dated, and used as a record of climate change through ring-width analysis and chemical composition. \r\n\r\nHowever, chemical interpretations of the nutrient chemistry within each ring have often been subject to much criticism. The basic premise that nutrients which are taken up by the tree are encapsulated to represent environmental conditions for that particular year, is true only for elements which are immobilised from further biological transport accross the width of the tree.\r\n\r\nWe now think we have found such an element which is fixed within the woody tissues during growth and can be used with certainty for environmental reconstruction - this element is sulphur. \r\n\r\nThat sulphur should be the element which is fixed within the annual growth rings is fortuitous given its key role in modulating climate and fantastic potential as an environmental diagnostic tool. The injection of sulphur aerosol into the atmosphere is a key determinant of climate through backscattering and absorption of radiation, and has long been a concern for terrestrial ecology, causing widespread acidification of catchments upon deposition. \r\n\r\nTwo of the key sources of sulphur aerosol injected into the atmosphere are from volcanic and industrial emissions. Both sources can be readily distinguished from background inputs using concentrations and stable isotopes, rendering the sulphur isotopic content of palaeoarchives to be perhaps one of the most important diagnostic elemental signatures available.\r\n \r\nWhilst the sulphur isotopic content of ice cores has been extensively exploited, the more localised archives such as speleothems and tree rings have largely remained beyond the reach of climate change scientists and we have yet to discover many of the secrets they harbour. \r\n\r\nWhilst we have initiated and had excellent success with extracting the sulphur record from speleothems, we believe trees will behave as a much more sensitive, readily available record of local atmospheric change over the past millenium. We believe we are now in a position to conduct an intensive research programme to extract the sulphur isotopic composition of trees and forge ahead with the development of such an important local indicator of sulphur forcing and atmospheric change.\r\n\r\nThis project is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for one and a half year from September 2010 to May 2012 (NERC Reference: NE/H012257/1).\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12268,
                    "uuid": "eed19e759cc44777ba0e61a90b2cff95",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Dendroclimatic Divergence Phenomenon: Reassessment of Causes and Implications for Climate Reconstruction Project",
                    "abstract": "Background Information:\r\n\r\nPalaeoclimate reconstructions extend our knowledge of how climate varied in times before expansive networks of measuring instruments became available. These reconstructions are founded on an understanding of theoretical and statistically-derived associations acquired by comparing the parallel behaviour of palaeoclimate proxies and measurements of varying climate. Inferences about variations in past climate, based on this understanding, necessarily assume that the associations we observe now hold true throughout the period for which reconstructions are made. This is the essence of the uniformitarian principle. \r\n\r\nIn some northern areas of the world, recent observations of tree growth and measured temperature trends appear to have diverged in recent decades, the so called 'divergence' phenomenon. There has been much speculation, and numerous theories proposed, to explain why the previous temperature sensitivity of tree growth in these areas is apparently breaking down. The existence of divergence casts doubt on the uniformitarian assumption that underpins a number of important tree-ring based (dendroclimatic) reconstructions. It suggests that the degree of warmth in certain periods in the past, particularly in medieval times, may be underestimated or at least subject to greater uncertainty than is currently accepted. \r\n\r\nThe lack of a clear overview of this phenomenon and the lack of a generally accepted cause had led some to challenge the current scientific consensus, represented in the 2007 report of the IPCC on the likely unprecedented nature of late 20th century average hemispheric warmth when viewed in the context of proxy evidence (mostly from trees) for the last 1300 years. \r\n\r\nThis project will seek to systematically reassess and quantify the evidence for divergence in many tree-ring data sets around the Northern Hemisphere. It will establish a much clearer understanding of the nature of the divergence phenomenon, characterising the spatial patterns and temporal evolution. \r\n\r\nBased on recent published and unpublished work by the proposers, it has become apparent that foremost amongst the possible explanations is the need to account for systematic bias potentially inherent in the methods used to build many tree-ring chronologies including many that are believed to exhibit this phenomenon. This proposal is designed to build on recent innovations in tree-ring chronology production techniques, also developed by the proposers. These new methods will produce tree-ring chronologies whose variability is unbiased, either by temporal changes in the age structure of the constituent sample series, or by any distortion in the data that can arise when using the previously applied techniques. The extensive reprocessed and improved data sets will then form the basis for many detailed, site-by-site comparisons of local climate and various tree-growth parameters in order to re-characterise the nature, strength and temporal stability of the climate/growth associations. This will represent a systematic and objective re-assessment of the evidence for divergence in different forest contexts.\r\n\r\nThe project will then explore all of the current theories for the cause(s) of divergence employing both statistical and process-modelling techniques. The project will go on to use the reprocessed tree-ring data sets to re-calibrate many important climate reconstructions, with varying levels of spatial detail, and carefully assess the implications of the divergence effect, as newly characterised, on reconstruction uncertainty. This project will provide results that will inform the international scientific debate and widespread public perception of the reliability of tree-ring-based climate reconstructions in particular, but also our current understanding of the reliability of current evidence for high-resolution temperature changes during the late Holocene.  \r\n\r\nThis project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for three and a half years from May 2010 to October 2013 (NERC Reference: NE/G018863/1).\r\n\r\nData can be found on the website below. The data is not in the BADC archive due to the poor quality. \r\nhttp://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/papers/melvin2012holocene/\r\n\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 7451,
                    "uuid": "bf2527de8c6d3bfc3fe041823c6e8104",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Quantifying variability of the El Nino Southern Oscillation on adaptation-relevant time scales using a novel palaeodata / modelling approach (QPENSO)",
                    "abstract": "The research aims to help us understand year-to-year variations in climate around the world. This includes the occurrence of floods and droughts, of heat waves and cold spells.  The project examines the largest source of year-to-year climate variability on Earth, namely, El Niño. The El Niño is a warm ocean current that appears off the coast of NW South America every 3-5 years, and it is a result of a much larger scale phenomenon involving changes to the winds, rainfall, temperature and ocean currents across the whole of the tropical Pacific. The larger scale phenomenon is known as the El Niño Southern Oscillation, a name which reflects the fact that it involves a natural cycle in the circulation of both the atmosphere and the surface ocean and how they interact. Although we know that ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific, it has near world-wide impacts because of the way it affects the circulation of the atmosphere, and hence the winds and transport of moisture from the tropics to the extra-tropics. Floods and droughts and changed incidence of storminess from El Niño directly affect the lives and livelihoods of well over a billion people, and major El Niño events are associated with tens of thousands of human deaths, billions of pounds of damage, and devastation to some natural ecosystems such as coral reefs. Even Europe experiences changed weather patterns associated with ENSO! Although we now understand quite well the basic mechanisms behind the ENSO cycle, some major questions remain. In particular, we do not understand why some El Niño events are much stronger than others, why some decades show much stronger El Niño activity, or how ENSO will respond to climate change. To help answer some of these questions, we will reconstruct changes in ENSO over the past 5,000 years by analysing growth rings in the skeletons of old dead ('fossil') corals that lived in the Galápagos. The Galápagos Islands experience extreme changes in weather associated with El Niño (warmer and wetter during events), and these changes are recorded in the chemistry of the skeletons of corals living in the surrounding ocean. Some of these corals live for up to a hundred years, or longer, laying down layers of skeleton a bit like tree rings. We will collect cores through old dead corals, including some that lived thousands of years ago. Then, by analysing the chemistry of their growth bands we will be able to reconstruct the changes in climate, and ENSO, that the corals experienced during their life time. By combining the records from many such corals we will build up a picture of the natural variability in ENSO, helping us see how often major events occurred, and how much decade-to-decade variability in ENSO occurred. These coral records can let us reconstruct the history of past changes in ENSO, but on their own they do not help us to understand the causes of the changes. Were they due to changes in the sun's radiation? Or due to the cooling effects of major volcanic eruptions? Or were they simply random variations that we should expect without any sort of trigger? To answer these questions, we need to use climate models. The same models that we now use to predict future climate can be used to research changes in ENSO. In our work, we used the most up-to-date climate models to see if they can correctly replicate the observed changes in ENSO over the past few thousand years as defined by our coral records. We can also saw what the effects are of changing volcanic eruptions, solar radiation and greenhouse gases in these models. By comparing the model results with the coral records we gained a better understanding of the nature and causes of changes in ENSO, and the skill of the models at predicting this. "
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        {
            "ob_id": 1345,
            "uuid": "81496b7af52d0532258e7f63849fd2ed",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Polluted Troposphere NERC Research Programme",
            "abstract": "The Polluted Troposphere Programme was a 5-year NERC thematic research programme which was centred upon the study of polluted boundary layer air and its transport to the free troposphere. The programme focusses on the regional scale, defined as intermediate between urban and hemispheric.\r\n\r\nThe Polluted Troposphere programme started in 2001 and ended in 2006. It ran a single round of awards, through which six projects were funded:\r\n\r\nTropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment (TORCH).\r\nCLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea. (CLOPAP)\r\nTransport and mixing in fronts.\r\nIonisation as a precursor to aerosol formation.\r\nAdvanced GC-MS technology for observing OVOCs and NMHCS in the polluted troposphere.\r\nAircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP).",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Polluted Troposphere, Chemistry, Meteorology",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 12035,
                    "uuid": "61d84ba6e537f5d4d0a1d4e49de85fc8",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Advanced GC-MS technology for observing OVOCs and NMHCs in the polluted troposphere",
                    "abstract": "Advanced GC-MS technology for observing OVOCs and NMHCs in the polluted troposphere was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00151 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by DR D Shallcross, University of Bristol\r\n\r\nThe aims of this project were:\r\n\r\n-To develop new methods for routine observations of the oxygenated VOCs concentrations in air based on advanced GC-MS technology.\r\n-Specifically targeted OVOCs which included methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, methyl butenol (MBO), acetone, butanone, 3-methyl furan, acrolein, mathacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone and the C2 to C6 aldehydes.\r\n-Survey for new OVOCs in the VOCs sample matrix. In collaboration with Leeds, participation in the TORCH 2004 field campaign.\r\n-Obtain parallel measurements for as many NMHCs as can be resolved and deconvoluted by GC-MS techniques. Key species included isoprene, 1,3-butadiene, benzene and toluene together with the n- and iso- C2 to C6 alkanes.\r\n-From the resolved OVOCs and NMHC measurements investigation was made into hydrocarbon degradation products in air of different photochemical age and origin."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14347,
                    "uuid": "233376ff8cf647b9af7413dcf38c6357",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Tropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment",
                    "abstract": "The Polluted Troposphere Programme was a 5-year NERC thematic research programme which was centred upon the study of polluted boundary layer air and its transport to the free troposphere. The programme focussed on the regional scale, defined as intermediate between urban and hemispheric.\r\n\r\nTropospheric ORganic CHemistry Experiment (TORCH) was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00145. Duration 2002 - 2005) led by A. Lewis, University of York.\r\n\r\nOrganic compounds are found throughout the atmosphere and contribute to the generation of both fine aerosol and photochemical oxidants such as ozone. The project contains comprehensive and integrated programme of modelling and measurements to address three inter-linked areas of current uncertainty:\r\n\r\n-To increase understanding of the role played by primary and partially oxidised organics in gas phase photochemistry.\r\n-To develop thermodynamic and microphysical descriptions of organic aerosol and use them in improved models of behaviour in the atmosphere.\r\n-To investigate the production, composition and evolution of organic aerosol and its links with gas phase organic oxidation.\r\n\r\nThe goals were to provide both a detailed data set on organic composition in the polluted atmosphere, and to develop theoretical and modelling tools which may be used in defining future air quality policy. \r\nThe Tropospheric Organic Chemistry experiment would formed a multi-institution consortium project with the Polluted Troposphere programme.\r\n\r\nThe TORCH project consists of two intensive measurement campaigns :\r\n\r\nWrittle site TORCH 1 \r\n- Based at Writtle College, near Chelmsford, Essex between 27th July - 30th August 2003.\r\n- The measurement site was located 20 miles from London and 10 miles from the M25 thus giving the opportunity to sample air recently outflowing from the London area.\r\n- Over 50 scientists from 7 institutions were involved, using a comprehensive suite of instruments that measured: O3, CO, NO, NO2, C2-C8 hydrocarbons, C1-C4 oxygenated hydrocarbons, PAN, Peroxides (Organic and Inorganic), Organic nitrates, OH and HO2 radicals, Sum of RO2 + HO2 radicals, OH chemical lifetime, Photolysis frequencies (e.g. j(O1D), j(NO2), j (HCHO), Aerosol number and size distribution, Aerosol composition, Local meteorology, and 5 and 10 day back trajectories. Many of the instruments were also part of the Universities Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM).\r\n\r\nTORCH 2 \r\n- This took place in April and May 2004 at Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory, on the north Norfolk coast. \r\n- The same complement of instruments was used to sample air with a longer processing time (8-16 hours) Data is currently being validated and will be available shortly.\r\n\r\nOver 50 scientists from 7 institutions were involved, using a comprehensive suite of instruments that measured: O3, CO, NO, NO2, C2-C8 hydrocarbons, C1-C4 oxygenated hydrocarbons, PAN, Peroxides (Organic and Inorganic), Organic nitrates, OH and HO2 radicals, Sum of RO2 + HO2 radicals, OH chemical lifetime, Photolysis frequencies (e.g. j(O1D), j(NO2), j (HCHO), Aerosol number and size distribution, Aerosol composition, Local meteorology, and 5 and 10 day back trajectories. Many of the instruments are also part of the Universities Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14412,
                    "uuid": "01a715b187614b3eaadaa8da462031a1",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Polluted Troposphere: Aircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP)",
                    "abstract": "Aircraft Measurement of Chemical Processing and Export fluxes of Pollutants over the UK (AMPEP) was part of the NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00152 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by Prof. D Fowler, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.\r\n\r\nThis project was focussed on direct measurement of the atmospheric mass budget of a range of pollutants in the gas and aerosol phase in the boundary layer over the UK. New, state of the art equipment was applied to measure the atmospheric mass budget and, in particular, the net export from the downwind coast over the UK. For the majority of the pollutants this is the dominant term and its measurement provides a very powerful test of current understanding of the processes and the current generation of long range transport models. The approach was applied to sulphur compounds, oxidized and reduced nitrogen, ozone and related photochemical oxidant precursors, mercury, a range of heavy metals and the main radiatively active gases. The analysis and interpretation of the data was completed using a range of current long range transport, transformation and deposition models.\r\n\r\nAMPEP was an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 and the flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14411,
                    "uuid": "8c08a483b4d04ff29ff06ea229af12e9",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Polluted Troposphere: CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP)",
                    "abstract": "CLOud Processing of regional Air Pollution advecting over land and sea (CLOPAP) is a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00147 - Duration 2002 - 2005) led by Prof. Tom Choularton, University of Manchester.\r\n\r\nCLOPAP is an aircraft measurement campaign using the FAAM BAe-146-301 aircraft to make measurements of the ageing of the London plume in the cloudy boundary layer. Measurements will be made of the evolution of trace gases, aerosol and cloud properties. These will be supported by modelling studies. The flights were scheduled to take place between March and September 2005.\r\n\r\nThe Programme Superintending Officer was Dr. Ruth Kelman: rkel@nerc.ac.uk\r\nThe chairman of the Programme Steering Committee was Prof Gerard Jennings (Galway, Ireland): gerard.jennings@nuigalway.ie"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14391,
                    "uuid": "a3bd80740fcb4a7694ff94dba6ece0c7",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Polluted Troposphere Transport and Mixing in Fronts project",
                    "abstract": "Transport and mixing in fronts was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00149 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by DR SL Gray, University of Reading.\r\n\r\nThe aim of this research was to provide improved quantitative estimates of the rate at which frontal regions in weather systems transport polluted air from the boundary layer to the free troposphere. \r\n\r\nModelling studies performed using typical mesoscale to regional-scale resolution cannot resolve certain frontal mixing processes which are clearly visible in high resolution radar observations; namely multiple shear layers and large-amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. To perform very high-resolution (of order 2 km by 90 vertical levels) model simulations of frontal cases using the new dynamics (non-hydrostatic) Met Office model. The dynamical representation of these mixing processes and the transport and mixing of passive tracers in the model were evaluated using observations. The climatological impact of these individual fronts was determined using a climatological frontal database."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14392,
                    "uuid": "071cbe4fcfff4cd9b8735ff787e53ca2",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Polluted Troposphere Ionisation as a Precursor to Aerosol Formation project",
                    "abstract": "Ionisation as a precursor to aerosol formation was a NERC Polluted Troposphere Research Programme project (Round 1 - NER/T/S/2002/00150 - Duration 2002 - 2005) and was led by Dr RG Harrison, University of Reading.\r\n\r\nFormation of ultrafine particles from molecular cluster ions in the atmosphere has recently shown to occur in urban air, from both experimental findings and theoretical considerations. Ion-induced (or mediated) aerosol formation is currently neglected, despite the considerable variability known in atmospheric ions. Ionisation in the atmosphere is ubiquitous, arising from cosmic rays and natural radioactivity, with a further contribution from nuclear reprocessing. The efficiency of ion to particle conversion was sensitive to gas composition and condensable vapour supply. \r\n\r\nThe work measured ion-induced ultrafine particle production in surface air, combining ion and aerosol data. Existing ion-aerosol theory will be extended to include particle production from ions, to assess the significance for clouds of additional condensation nuclei."
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            "ob_id": 1350,
            "uuid": "2f02e95e890a92238dfd3148acfd9fd1",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "British Antarctic Survey",
            "abstract": "British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is a component of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). Based in Cambridge, United Kingdom, it has, for over 60 years, undertaken the majority of Britain's scientific research on and around the Antarctic continent. It now shares that continent with scientists from over thirty countries.\nBAS employs over 400 staff, and supports three stations in the Antarctic, at Rothera, Halley and Signy, and two stations on South Georgia, at King Edward Point and Bird Island. The Antarctic operations and science programmes are executed and managed from Cambridge, and rely on a wide-ranging team of professional staff.\nIce-strengthened ships sustain the Antarctic operations. RRS James Clark Ross has advanced facilities for oceanographic research. RRS Ernest Shackleton is primarily a logistics ship used for the re-supply of stations. Four Twin Otter aircraft fitted with wheels and skis are operated from Rothera and Halley, while a wheels-only Dash-7 aircraft provides the inter-continental air-link from Rothera to the Falkland Islands, and flies inland to blue ice runways.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1347,
                    "uuid": "37f2bef57e28bcd780a5cbfe077f4bf8",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "British Antarctic Survey: high resolution radiosonde data from Halley and Rothera stations",
                    "abstract": "High resolution radiosonde data from the British Antarctic Survey's stations Halley and Rothera are available. The data consists of vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, humidity mixing ratio, radiosonde position, wind speed and wind direction. Measurements are taken at 2 second intervals and the ascents extend to heights of approximately 20-30 km. The archive has data from 2001 and generally there is 1 ascent per day from both stations."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                997,
                998
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                4244
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        {
            "ob_id": 1360,
            "uuid": "a5329fc4cef3e05b2dd775ac6aafb9d7",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "UK Colonial Registers and Royal Navy Logbooks (CORRAL) project: Meteorology Records of the Admiralty, Naval Forces, Royal Marines, Coastguard, and related bodies, volume ADM55",
            "abstract": "CORRAL (UK Colonial Registers and Royal Navy Logbooks) (project home page) uses late 18th to early 20th century archive material to enhance the global coverage of daily to sub-daily weather observations. These are essential for current research that requires an enhancement in the quality and quantity of past data in order to assess better the full nature of medium- to long-term climate variability and change.\r\n\r\nThe project utilises three distinct but complimentary and hitherto untapped sources: two based on Royal Navy ship’s logbooks (from ships of voyages of scientific discovery and those in the service of the Hydrographic Survey); the third being the coastal and island records contained in UK Colonial documents. The former of the three categories constitute documents of national and historical importance, with a corresponding need to make them freely available through managed websites. In all three instances, the instrumental data (mostly of air pressure and temperature) are of singular importance in representing marine conditions; this being an area that is traditionally under-represented in the climate record despite it occupying over two-thirds of the planet’s surface.\r\n\r\nThese records are held at The National Archive, Kew. The ADM section includes records of the Admiralty, Naval Forces, Royal Marines, Coastguard, and related bodies, concerning all aspects of the organisation and operation of the Royal Navy and associated naval forces, over the period 1205-1998 (more details are available in the National Archives catalogue entry).\r\n\r\nThe CORRAL project deals with the following series:\r\n\r\nADM51: Admiralty: Captains' Logs, 1669-1853\r\nADM53: Admiralty: and Ministry of Defence, Navy Department: Ships' Logs 1799-1985 [Excluding Flying Squadron]\r\nADM53 -- Flying Squadron: Admiralty: and Ministry of Defence, Navy Department: Ships' Logs 1869-1872\r\nADM55: Admiralty: Supplementary Logs and Journals of Ships on Exploration, 1757-1861; 1904, including logs from the voyages of James Cook.\r\n",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "CORRAL, meteorology, ships",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1357,
                    "uuid": "c0001a8c47724dd514e64dcaf358fc60",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "CORRAL: Historical meteorological recordings from the UK colonial registers and Royal Navy logbook images",
                    "abstract": "The UK Colonial Registers and Royal Navy Logbooks (CORRAL) project  uses late 18th to early 20th century archive material to enhance the global coverage of daily to sub-daily weather observations by digitising Royal Navy ship's logbooks (from ships of voyages of scientific discovery and those in the service of the Hydrographic Survey) and coastal and island records contained in UK Colonial documents. This provides meteorological recordings from marine sites back to the 18th Century. These data are public.\r\n\r\nThese records are held at The National Archive, Kew. The ADM section includes records of the Admiralty, Naval Forces, Royal Marines, Coastguard, and related bodies, concerning all aspects of the organisation and operation of the Royal Navy and associated naval forces, over the period 1205-1998 (more details are available in the National Archives catalogue entry).\r\n\r\nThe CORRAL project deals with the following series:\r\n\r\nADM51: Admiralty: Captains' Logs, 1669-1853\r\nADM53: Admiralty: and Ministry of Defence, Navy Department: Ships' Logs 1799-1985 [Excluding Flying Squadron]\r\nADM53 -- Flying Squadron: Admiralty: and Ministry of Defence, Navy Department: Ships' Logs 1869-1872\r\nADM55: Admiralty: Supplementary Logs and Journals of Ships on Exploration, 1757-1861; 1904, including logs from the voyages of James Cook.\r\n"
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1007,
                1008
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                4276,
                74422,
                74423,
                74424
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        {
            "ob_id": 1368,
            "uuid": "d82f53f86e8262a8c737484ad8628e0c",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "VIRTEM Validation of IASI Radiative Transfer: Experiments and Modelling",
            "abstract": "The new satellite instrument, IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer), is a moderate resolution (0.25cm^-1) Fourier Transform spectrometer which is scheduled for flight in 2002 on the European METOP satellite. IASI is expected to deliver vertical profiles of temperature and humidity data with a resolution of 1km. VIRTEM is an EU project to validate the instrumentation and retrieval methods to be used on IASI.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1365,
                    "uuid": "67a97e179d0dcee074969cb7ea87e928",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "VIRTEM: Aircraft and Laboratory Based Spectroscopic Measurements",
                    "abstract": "The new satellite instrument, IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer), is a moderate resolution (0.25 cm-1) Fourier Transform spectrometer launched in 2002 on the European METOP satellite. This instrument offers more spectral channels at a considerably higher spectral resolution than HIRS (High Resolution Infrared Sounder) - the instrument which it replaced as the operational infra-red sounder. IASI delivers vertical profiles of temperature and humidity data with a resolution of 1km compared with approximately 4km from HIRS.\r\n\r\nTranslating the improvement in the spectral resolution of the instrument into improvements in the accuracy and height resolution of the temperature, humidity and ozone profiles is dependent on a detailed knowledge of the spectroscopy of the atmosphere in this spectral region. The aim of the Validation of IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) Radiative Transfer Experiments and Modelling (VIRTEM) project was to make the improvements to the spectroscopy necessary to make full use of the increased spectral resolution of IASI.\r\n\r\nThe primary objectives of the VIRTEM project were:\r\n\r\n*To generate a detailed set of atmospheric observations of radiances and supporting in-situ data.\r\n*To analyse and validate the current spectroscopy using state of the art line-by-line radiation models.\r\n*To generate an improved spectroscopic database.\r\n\r\nVIRTEM was an EU project to validate the instrumentation and retrieval methods to be used on IASI. Data in this dataset collection include both aircraft based and lab based spectroscopic measurements."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1016,
                1017
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                4303
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 1415,
            "uuid": "90b2af2013055387246c3be5095f1272",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Coastal Air Pollution (CAP)",
            "abstract": "The Coastal Air Pollution field campaigns in 2009 and 2010 (CAP-2009 and CAP-2010 respectively) sought to investigate the impact of local meteorology on coastal air quality and the structure and evolution of the coastal boundary layer. \r\n\r\nThe field campaigns were led by Dr. Claire Reeves (University of East Anglia) consisting of 20 hours of flight time from the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAE-146 aircraft coinciding with pollution measurements from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO) and the Facility for Ground based Atmospheric Measurement's (FGAM) 1290 Mhz mobile wind profiler, deployed at WAO. The 20 flight hours were over 5 flights: flight B480 21/09/09; flight B485 06/11/09; flight B492 01/12/09; flight B493 04/12/09; and, flight B514 04/03/10. The FAAM flights were made available as part of the 2009 Direct Access call for available remaining flight hours on the aircraft. \r\n\r\nThe objectives were to: \r\na) characterise the chemical composition of the air above and around WAO (Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory) in various meteorological conditions to determine how representative the observations at WAO are of the coastal region and of the air-mass origin (especially in the case of maritime/Arctic air); \r\nb) determine the local flow patterns that can be established around WAO that may influence the redistribution of pollutants and to aid future identification of such patterns with the more limited vertical data that is routinely collected at WAO; \r\nc) identify patterns that decouple polluted layers from the surface; \r\nd) characterise the off-shore pollution sources (ship emissions, emissions from off-shore gas platforms) that impact measurements at WAO under maritime conditions; and, \r\ne) provide test cases for the one-dimensional MISTRA model of vertical profiles of trace components in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere, especially providing information about vertical exchange.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "CAP, FAAM, Chemistry, Wind",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1412,
                    "uuid": "6fcb4aafad96756132bb816e19747db0",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Coastal Air Pollution (CAP): Atmospheric airborne, surface chemistry and vertical wind profile measurements",
                    "abstract": "The Coastal Air Pollution (CAP) field campaigns in 2009 and 2010 (CAP-2009 and CAP-2010 respectively) sought to investigate the impact of local meteorology on coastal air quality and the structure and evolution of the coastal boundary layer.\r\n\r\nThis dataset consists of surface, tower and airbourne measurements of atmospheric chemistry and vertical wind profiles from the Coastal Air Pollution (CAP) field campaign, led by Dr. Claire Reeves (University of East Anglia, UEA). \r\n\r\nAirborne measurements were made by instrumentation on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements's (FAAM) BAE 146 aircraft, with surface and tower measurements from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (WAO) and the Facility for Ground-based Atmsopheric Measurements's (FGAM) 1290Mhz mobile wind profiling radar providing vertical profiles of winds, signal to noise ratios and spectral width data. These data were used to investigate the impact of local meteorology on coastal air quality and the structure and evolution of the coastal boundary layer. \r\n\r\nThe objectives of the campaign was to: \r\na) characterise the chemical composition of the air above and around WAO in various meteorological conditions to determine how representative the WAO observations are of the coastal region and of the air-mass origin (esp. in the case of maritime/Arctic air); \r\nb) determine the local flow patterns that can be established around WAO which may influence the redistribution of pollutants and to aid future identification of such patterns with the more limited vertical data that is routinely collected at WAO; \r\nc) identify patterns that decouple polluted layers from the surface; \r\nd) characterise the off-shore pollution sources (ship emissions, emissions from off-shore gas platforms) which impact measurements at WAO under maritime conditions; and, \r\ne) provide test cases for the one-dimensional MISTRA model of vertical profiles of trace components in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere, especially providing information about vertical exchange."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1045,
                1046,
                9041
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                4465,
                4466,
                74406,
                74404,
                74405,
                4467,
                4468,
                4469,
                4470,
                4471
            ],
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 1426,
            "uuid": "88e6137adf4829c014e4a0aae7c2b6ef",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Improved Air Quality Forecasting (ISB52)",
            "abstract": "The Improved Air Quality Forecasting project (ISB52) was funded by the UK HM Treasury Invest to Save Budget.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the project was to develop a better understanding of air flow within the atmospheric boundary layer by gathering 3-dimensional air flow information using two identical Doppler lidars, one of which was the UFAM (Universities Facility for Atmospheric Measurement) Doppler lidar. The project compared parameters derived from the dual Doppler lidar measurements with inputs used in the UK Met Office air quality forecasting model. Field experiments were undertaken in March 2003 at Malvern and in July 2003 at RAF Northolt, West London, UK.\r\n\r\nProject collaborators were the University of Essex, University of Salford, the UK Met. Office and QinetiQ. A software suite (DAViS) was developed by the University of Essex to visualise the Doppler lidar data in 3-D. QinetiQ were responsible for the overall project management and the enhancement and development of their Doppler lidar system to make it compatible with the UFAM Doppler lidar system which was operated by the University of Salford. The UK Met. Office provided dispersion model parameters and AMDARS data.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "ISB52, lidar, atmosphere, boundary layer, air flow",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                29
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1423,
                    "uuid": "b5f808ed6da80a2c022815dbab0d5429",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Improved Air Quality Forecasting (ISB52): LIDAR measurements and Reports",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains data from the ISB52 Improved Air Quality Forecasting project. The aim of the project was to develop a better understanding of air flow within the atmospheric boundary layer by gathering 3-dimensional air flow information using two identical Doppler lidars. The project compared parameters derived from the dual Doppler lidar measurements with inputs used in the UK Met Office air quality forecasting model. Field experiments were undertaken in March 2003 at Malvern and in July 2003 at RAF Northolt, West London, UK."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1056,
                1057
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                4519
            ],
            "onlineresource_set": []
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 1438,
            "uuid": "edb4d2a9ab87cb9fa6fc193fa2b7ea3e",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE)",
            "abstract": "An EC measurement campaign undertaken in the Northern Hemisphere winter of 1991-92 to study ozone chemistry and dynamics. The data from the campaign has been made available on CD-ROM by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU).",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                30
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1435,
                    "uuid": "573d8ec65dd8ae5ee3f779946fbc2497",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE): Airborne and Ground-Station Measurements of Meteorological Parameters",
                    "abstract": "The European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE) was undertaken in the northern winter of 1991-92 to study the processes in the Arctic which lead to ozone destruction and their connection with reduced ozone at northern mid-latitudes. The data from the campaign has been made available on CD-ROM by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). The CDs are held at the BADC.\r\n\r\nThis two CD-ROM set contains measurements made from 16 ground stations throughout Europe, flights made by the three aircraft involved in the campaign, numerous stratospheric balloons launched from Kiruna in northern Sweden and from ozonesondes from 28 European stations. In addition data from the total ozone monitoring network are included.\r\n\r\nThe parameters measured include concentrations of ozone and the members of the chlorine and nitrogen families which are involved in the photochemical destruction of ozone, aerosol and PSC extinctions and meteorological parameters used to study transport into and out of the polar vortex.\r\n\r\nThe EASOE campaign coincided with the NASA AASE-II aircraft campaign and this dataset is also available from the BADC."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1069,
                1070
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                4561
            ],
            "onlineresource_set": []
        },
        {
            "ob_id": 1628,
            "uuid": "6c83202bff8f510f439e1c47946c0b40",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Fundacion Entropika",
            "abstract": "Fundación Entropika was established in 2007 by a group of dedicated conservationists, from varying backgrounds, based in Amacayacu National Park in the south of the Colombian Amazon. Entropika aims to contribute to the long-term conservation of tropical biodiversity by facilitating local community-led projects, establishing programmes of education and research whilst working closely with the local indigenous people to tackle conservation issues. Their approach encourages interdisciplinary cooperation regarding the management of biodiversity components, including in-situ conservation, community based research, law enforcement, environmental policies revision and the feasibility analyses of sustainable economic alternatives. ",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "fundacion entropika, Amazon, Colombia",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                31
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1625,
                    "uuid": "34126fea1952697be8d2a5a7e08b23d6",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Fundacion Entropika High Resolution Monthly Means of Atmospheric Variables over the Amazon Basin",
                    "abstract": "While the Amazon rainforest area has a known effect on precipitation and global water vapour circulation, it is still poorly understood. This is in part due to the lack and inconsistency in atmospheric observations in the area.\r\n\r\nThis dataset holds the high resolution (0.5 x 0.5 deg; 8 vertical levels) monthly means of 5 atmospheric variables (air temperature, pressure, water vapour pressure, vertical velocity and horizontal wind speed) over the Amazon Basin for the period 1972 to 2009. This data is public and in particular, version 1.0 is citable (DOI: 10.5285/2dfce039-cd71-43b3-bed4-98978e78f1bb)."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1206,
                1207
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                5028,
                51721,
                51722,
                51723,
                54786
            ],
            "onlineresource_set": [
                661
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 1633,
            "uuid": "aad511cec6c8ba768096d4c0db885045",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NASA Mission to Planet Earth program (MTPE)",
            "abstract": "NASA's Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) is dedicated to understanding the total Earth system and the effects of natural and human-induced changes on the global environment. The MTPE Enterprise is pioneering the new discipline of Earth system science, with a near-term emphasis on global climate change. Space-based and in situ capabilities presently being used or developed yield new scientific understanding and practical benefits to the Nation.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NASA, MTPE",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 456,
                "uuid": "4dc6e00a11f3c86bee4161b14470199f",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abstract": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s mission is to pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research."
            },
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                100
            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 1640,
                    "uuid": "6297603d25100cc5e977b750c1a524f7",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE): Global Stratospheric and Mesospheric Profiles of Pressure, Temperature and Chemical Composition",
                    "abstract": "The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) is one of 10 instruments aboard the Upper Research Satellite (UARS). The HALOE instrument was built by an instrument team based at NASA Langley and launched on the UARS on 12th September 1991. Data collection began on 11th October 1991 until 21st November 2005. The Principal Investigator (PI) is Dr James M. Russell III.\r\n\r\nThe HALOE experiment uses solar occultation to measure vertical profiles of ozone (O3), hydrogen chloride (HCl), Hydrogen Fluoride (HF), methane (CH4), water vapour (H2O), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), aerosol extinction, and temperature versus pressure with an instantaneous vertical field of view of 1.6 km at the Earth limb.\r\n\r\nThe instrument achieves near-global coverage with measurements sweeping between high latitudes in one hemisphere and high latitudes in the other over a period of between 2 and 6 weeks. The latitude range covered by the instrument varies over the course of the year between 80°S and 80°N. The maximum northerly and southerly latitudes occur in spring and autumn in the few weeks either side of the equinoxes. The range of altitude of the measurements depends on the channel being used, but measurements cover the stratosphere and lower mesosphere and, in the case of the nitric oxide channel, extend into the lower thermosphere.\r\n\r\nHALOE studies the dynamics of polar and other atmospheric regions using the tracers, HF, CH4 and H2O. Studying the trends in HCl and HF will help distinguish the relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural chlorine sources and analyse in detail the development and recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. Additional studies are intended to identify and assess stratosphere-troposphere exchange.\r\n\r\nThe BADC holds HALOE data at level 2 (uninterpolated profiles at measurement locations), version 19 for the period 11th Ocotber 1991 to 21st November 2005.\r\n\r\nThe BADC also holds the HALOE level 3A version 19 data spanning the time period from 11th October 1991 through 21st December 2000. HALOE L3 data is public. Updates through to September 24, 2001 are available directly from GSFC NASA.\r\n\r\nThe HALOE level 3A data are vertical profiles of methane (CH4), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), temperature (TEMP), and aerosol extinction (AEXTCH4, AEXTHCL, AEXTHF and AEXTNO), interpolated onto a standard set of vertical levels evenly spaced in pressure, and onto standard times (level 3AT) and standard latitudes (level 3AL). The vertical scan range is from about 10 to 65 km, and the vertical resolution is approximately 2.5 km between pressure levels."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6689,
                    "uuid": "2e4c98d91a9237c128c0acbf3e11ce7f",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Vertical profiles of Atmospheric Components from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS L3) Instrument and NERC Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Prototype Water Vapour Data",
                    "abstract": "The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is a satellite-borne instrument making limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition at microwave frequencies. It was built by an instrument team based at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) on the 12th September 1991. It began collecting data on 19th September 1991. The PI was Joe Waters.\r\n\r\nThe instrument measures thermal emission from the Earth's limb, from which vertical profiles of chlorine monoxide (ClO), ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O) sulphur dioxide (SO2) and atmospheric temperature are derived. HNO3 profiles are also available for some periods in the Version 4 data.\r\n\r\nThe data coverage extends from 80°S to 80°N, but at any one time this is restricted to 34°S to 80°N or 34°N to 80°S. In the vertical, measurements are made between approximately 10 and 60 km, from October 1991 to June 1997.\r\n\r\nAlso available as part of this archive are the prototype water vapour profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data, retrieved at the University of Edinburgh (NERC funded project). Data generally cover wider altitude range than \"official\" MLS version 4 retrievals and are available at a higher vertical resolution. Coverage is from September 1991 to April 1993."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 4342,
                    "uuid": "1ae11ab1741c29c15ab58bbaeebc9550",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES L3): Vertical temperature profiles and atmospheric particle concentration measurements",
                    "abstract": "The Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) measured vertical profiles of temperature and concentrations of ozone, methane, water vapour, nitrogen oxides, and other important species, including CFCs, in the stratosphere. CLAES also maps the horizontal and vertical distributions of aerosols in the stratosphere. These measurements are analysed to better understand the photochemical, radiative, and dynamical processes taking place in the ozone layer. \r\n\r\nCLAES was built by an instrument team based at Lockheed Palo Alto and launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) on 12th September 1991. CLAES had a design lifetime of 18 months, beginning on 1st October 1991 and ceasing operations on 5th May 1993. The Principal Investigator is Dr Aidan E. Roche. CLAES makes measurements of thermal emission from the Earth's limb in a number of spectral regions which are then used to derive stratospheric altitude profiles of temperature, pressure, ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), CFCl3, CF2Cl2. Aerosol extinction coefficients are also calculated for each spectral region. Further details of the instrument are given in the BADC help file.\r\n\r\nThe data coverage extends from 80°S to 80°N, but at any one time this is restricted to 34°S to 80°N or 34°N to 80°S. The vertical coverage of the measurements is from the tropopause to the lower mesosphere (10-60km). The range over which retrievals are valid is outlined in the help file.\r\n\r\nThe dataset contains measured global temperature, pressure, O3, H2O, CH4, N2O, NO, NO2, N2O5, HNO3, ClONO2, CFCl3, CF2Cl2 and aerosol extinction measurements. Data are level 3A product (gridded in time and latitude along the satellite track) between 80N - 80S, 10-60 Km, October 1991 - May 1993. This dataset is public."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 1630,
                    "uuid": "fb0a13f4a913daee7a93c393e6a67e79",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Atmospheric Constituents",
                    "abstract": "The Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) measured vertical profiles of temperature and a number of atmospheric constituents. ISAMS was built by an instrument team based at Oxford University and launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) on 12th September 1991 and operated until July 1992. The Principal Investigator is Prof. Frederick Taylor.\r\n\r\nISAMS is an infra-red radiometer, which observes thermal emission from the Earth's limb. The technique of pressure modulator radiometry is used to derive vertical profiles of temperature, mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (H2O), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and aerosol extinction. Further details can be found in the help file written at the BADC.\r\n\r\nThe data coverage extends from 80°S to 80°N, but at any one time this is usually restricted to 34°S to 80°N or 34°N to 80°S. The vertical coverage of the measurements is from the tropopause to the mesopause (15-80 km). The range over which retrievals are valid is outlined in the help file.\r\n\r\nThe BADC holds ISAMS data at level 3A and version 10 and ISAMS data at level 2 (uninterpolated profiles at measurement locations) and version 8, the latter has restricted access."
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            "uuid": "1c985a8ab9639f06c8e74c52d562a9c9",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST)",
            "abstract": "The Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST) programme assimilated scientists' knowledge of the Earth as an integrated system. Its aim was to substantially improve predictions of global environmental change.\r\n\r\nHuman activities are altering the atmosphere and oceans, transforming ecosystems, and changing the climate over and above natural variation. To predict how the complex interactions and feedbacks between different components of the Earth System will respond to our growing influence, they need to be considered together.\r\n\r\nThe programme had three main themes:\r\n\r\n-The contemporary carbon cycle and its interactions with climate and atmospheric chemistry.\r\n-The natural regulation of atmospheric composition on glacial-interglacial and longer time scales.\r\n-The implications of global environmental changes for the sustainable use of resources.\r\n\r\nQUEST helped to accelerate development of the next generation of environmental-change models, and provided a focal point for UK work, forging collaborations and synergies between worldwide experts in Earth System research and modelling.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "QUEST, chemistry, climate, biodiversity, ecology, models, glacial",
            "status": "completed",
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                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 6747,
                    "uuid": "6ae6e6ad2cae120358f5fd111d6496af",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Earth System Data Initiative (QESDI)",
                    "abstract": "QUEST projects both used and produced an immense variety of global data sets that needed to be shared efficiently between the project teams. These global synthesis data sets are also a key part of QUEST's legacy, providing a powerful way of communicating the results of QUEST among and beyond the UK Earth System research community.\r\n\r\nTo facilitate this data exchange, and to avoid replication of the often labour-intensive efforts to source and visualize data, QUEST set up the QUEST Earth System Data Initiative - QESDI - a mechanism for easy, centralized access with flexible statistical and visualization tools for consistent processing and presentation of global data sets.\r\n\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12006,
                    "uuid": "b14d2becbbf1053f4fd5898a53cef2b4",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 3- Predicting impacts and consequences of climate change on fisheries (QUEST Fish)",
                    "abstract": "QUEST Fish was led by Dr Manuel Barange (PML) with 18 co-investigators from POL, PML, CEFAS, University of Plymouth, University of Portsmouth, CSIC (Spain), UEA, WorldFish Centre, IPSL, ICES (Denmark), Met Office, IRD (Paris) and University of North Carolina, as part of  QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System)\r\n\r\nQUEST-Fish has delivered a near-global assessment of consequences of climate change for fisheries, demonstrating excellent and innovative bridging of marine biogeochemistry models and socio-economics.  QUEST-Fish specifically focused on the added impacts that climate change is likely to cause on global fish production, and on the subsequent additional risks and vulnerabilities to human societies.\r\n\r\nThe team have demonstrated the broad capability of an integrated regional coastal/shelf seas model system. The physical-ecological POLCOMS-ERSEM model that underpinned the research was developed for Europe’s regional seas. Its application to 20 Large Marine Ecosystems (coastal bioregions) worldwide, covering two-thirds of the world’s fish catch, has been critically evaluated and found adequate for most regions (the physical and biogeochemical differences of the upwelling region off Peru presents challenges, with the climate impact likely to be over-expressed in the fisheries projection output). "
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12007,
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                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 3- Fire Modelling and Forecasting System (FireMAFS)",
                    "abstract": "Fire was the most important disturbance agent worldwide in terms of area and variety of biomass affected, a major mechanism by which carbon is transferred from the land to the atmosphere, and a globally significant source of aerosols and many trace gas species. Despite such clear coupling between fire, climate, and vegetation, fire was not  modelled as an interactive component of the climate/earth systems models of full complexity or intermediate complexity, that are used to model terrestrial ecosystem processes principally for simulating CO2 exchanges.\r\n\r\nThe objective of FireMAFS was to resolve these limitations by developing a robust method to forecast fire activity (fire 'danger' indices, ignition probabilities, burnt area, fire intensity etc), via a process-based model of fire-vegetation interactions, tested, improved, and constrained. This used a state-of-the-art EO data products and driven by seasonal weather forecasts issued with many months lead-time.\r\n\r\nFireMAFS was led by Prof Martin Wooster (Kings College, London) with 9 co-investigators from UCL, University of Leicester, University of Reading, ESSC, University of Bristol and CEH."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11996,
                    "uuid": "752a9a810d1e0987d6f77d25e1da8f40",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 1- Marine Biogeochemistry and Initiative in QUEST (MarQUEST)",
                    "abstract": "MarQUEST was led by Prof Andrew Watson (UEA), with 15 co-investigators at UEA/BAS, the Universities of Southampton, Essex, and Reading, and from the Plymouth Marine Laboratory and Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory.\r\n\r\nMarQUEST developed new methods of validating ocean biogeochemistry models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in situ data sets and ongoing observations from the major European programmes, CarboOcean and EUR-OCEANS. In the past, ocean biogeochemical models represented biological processes in very simple or rigid ways (e.g., single nutrient limitation, a single generic primary producer), limiting understanding of the role of ecosystems in the climate system. Increasing the complexity of models has presented new challenges for their validation; it is also not clear what the ‘optimal’ complexity of a model should be for any given real-world problem.\r\n\r\nQUEST scientists cooperated in comparing various models, and examining more fundamental (physiological) approaches to understanding the planktonic ecoystem. MarQUEST also developed a module to simulate coastal ecosystems, usable in global ocean biogeochemical simulations. Finally, the project team generated an accurate physical simulation of the North Atlantic guided by data assimilation, into which ecosystem simulations can be embedded. This allows the variation in air-sea fluxes of gases (CO2, oxygen and dimethyl sulphide) from ocean to atmosphere to be quantified for the contemporary period."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12004,
                    "uuid": "2adb17467921a6ad75a75dfea5d0641e",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 3- Global- scale impacts of climate change (GSI)",
                    "abstract": "QUEST GSI was led by Nigel Arnell (University of Reading) with co-investigators from the Universities of Aberdeen, Leeds, UEA, Edinburgh, Southampton, UCL, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, CEH and CEFAS.\r\n\r\nA central aim of this project was to assess the global-scale impacts of climate change under a range of scenarios, across a number of sectors. A methodology was developed to construct scenarios from a range of climate models, representing changes under different emissions scenarios and fixed amounts of change in global mean temperature. Impacts were estimated across a range of sectors, including water resources, fluvial and coastal flooding, crop productivity and food security, ecosystem productivity and human health, at regional and global scales.\r\n\r\nThe project has provided quantitative information on these impacts and their distribution across the world. The general conclusions are that impacts may be significant at relatively low levels of climate change, that estimates of impact in some sectors are very uncertain due largely to uncertainty in projected changes in rainfall (particularly in south Asia), that there are no obvious thresholds for step changes in impact that are consistent across region and sector, and that socio-economic conditions may amplify or reduce impacts, depending on context.\r\n\r\nA second project aim was to develop the methodology in such a way that it could be readily applied to estimate impacts under other climate scenarios representing for example specific policy objectives. With additional funding from other sources, the project methodology has been applied successfully to estimate the impacts avoided by a set of feasible emissions policies.\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12000,
                    "uuid": "85fbfa1a967a8c658ee3bee19cdd8bb9",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 2- Quaternary (Regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide on glacial-interglacial timescales and its coupling to climate change)",
                    "abstract": "Quaternary QUEST was led by Dr Tim Lenton at UEA, with a team of 10 co-investigators at the Universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Reading, Leeds, Bristol, Southampton and at UEA.\r\n\r\nOver the last million years, the Earth has experienced a sequence of temperature oscillations between glacial and interglacial states, linked to variations in the Earth’s orbit around the sun. These climate oscillations were accompanied by changes in atmospheric CO2, but the fundamental reasons for this relationship are still unresolved.\r\n\r\nThis project team aimed to compile a synthesis of palaeodata from sediments and ice cores, improve the synchronization of these records with each other, and use this greater understanding of the Earth’s ancient atmosphere to improve Earth system models simulating climate over very long timescales. A combined long-term data synthesis and modelling approach has helped to constrain some key mechanisms responsible for glacial-interglacial CO2 change, and Quaternary QUEST have narrowed the field of ocean processes that could have caused glacial CO2 drawdown.\r\n\r\n "
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11995,
                    "uuid": "30a76df0ce9eb8c2ad0d3951290f667e",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 1- Quantifying ecosystem roles in the carbon cycle (QUERCC)",
                    "abstract": "The Principal Investigator in this project was Prof Ian Woodward from University of Sheffield, with 11 co-investigators at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), the Forestry Commission’s Forest Research, the Agriculture and the Environment Division at Rothamsted Research, and the Universities of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Leeds, York, Oxford and Southampton.\r\n\r\nQUERCC addressed land surface processes over timescales from days to centuries, with particular emphasis on the carbon cycle. Some processes are already well represented and validated in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), while others that are known to impact on the carbon cycle are not. Independent carbon and vegetation data sets were compared against DVGMs to assess their current state, and further key modules were developed for nutrient cycling, which exerts a major feedback on carbon exchange, and for a greater resolution of plant processes. A global map of plant functional types that exert significant impacts on the carbon cycle was also developed."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11979,
                    "uuid": "dbd5cd21b4715d9f3dc443e5ec5c25a1",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 1 - QUEST Atmospheric Aerosols and Chemistry (QUAAC)",
                    "abstract": "QUAAC was led by Prof John Pyle (University of Cambridge), with 11 co-investigators at the Universities of Sheffield, Leeds, York, Lancaster and Manchester, and from CEH.\r\n\r\nCoupling between the chemistry/climate system and land surface processes are important controls on the atmosphere, but chemical schemes have only recently and simplistically been introduced into numerical models. QUAAC studied the role of surface processes on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and aerosol loading, building on an existing Met Office/NERC initiative to develop a new community model, UKCA, to study the interaction between climate and atmospheric composition.\r\n\r\nNew chemistry and aerosol schemes were developed for inclusion in the model. Schemes were also developed to describe (interactively wherever possible) surface emissions of reactive trace gases and deposition processes."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 11999,
                    "uuid": "3b989081d0f72e0e093f90cfa09641e3",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 2- Using palaeodata to reduce uncertainties in climate prediction (PalaeoQUMP)",
                    "abstract": "PalaeoQUMP was headed by Prof Sandy Harrison of the University of Bristol, with co-investigators at the University of Southampton and Durham University.\r\n\r\nPalaeoQUMP aimed to constrain climate sensitivity by using a wider range of derived climate observations from the geological past (reconstructions from sediments and geomorphological changes for the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid-Holocene period), to evaluate climate model predictions generated using the same series of simulations as QUMP produced for the modern climate. The mid-Holocene and LGM climate reconstructions have been completed, with input from the PMIP Quantitative Reconstruction working group. Robust patterns evident in the data sets are being used as benchmarks and targets for the IPCC AR5 palaeoclimate simulations. The team has also produced the first coupled model (AOGCM) perturbed physics ensemble simulations of the MH and LGM. However the objective of using this data for an improved understanding of past climate to better constrain climate sensitivity has not yet been fully achieved."
                },
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                    "uuid": "63621c7e48fc2d4ca715b93e47f09b04",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "QUEST Theme 2- Dynamics of the Earth System and the Ice-Core Record (DESIRE)",
                    "abstract": "DESIRE (Dynamics of the Earth System and the Ice-Core Record) was part of Theme 2 QUEST (Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System) programme. The project involved an Anglo-French collaboration between QUEST and INSU (Institut national des sciences de l'univers). The project responded to a call to “explain the major changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane concentration over glacial-interglacial timescales”. The project had three strands. In the first strand, tools to improve understanding and modelling of methane were worked on; this included improvements to models, as well as new constraining datasets. In the second strand, similar improvements for CO2 were to be made. The third strand included model simulations and a major data compilation covering the 800,000 year ice core period.\r\n\r\nMuch of the early research in this project used the simple Earth system model GENIE, which generally yields robust results. For example, CO2-forced transient simulations over 650,000 years reproduced Antarctic temperature anomalies with a high correlation, broadly capturing the QUEST Final Report, June 2011 22 magnitude of glacial-interglacial temperature changes. This study found that warm peaks in interglacials are consistent with changes in the meridional overturning circulation. \r\n \r\n"
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            "title": "NERC Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) prototype H2O",
            "abstract": "Prototype water vapour profiles from the MLS data, retrieved at the University of Edinburgh. Data generally cover wider altitude range than \"official\" MLS version 4 retrievals and are available at a higher vertical resolution. Coverage is from September 1991 to April 1993. This project was funded by NERC.",
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                    "title": "Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Vertical profiles of Atmospheric Components from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS L3) Instrument and NERC Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Prototype Water Vapour Data",
                    "abstract": "The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is a satellite-borne instrument making limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition at microwave frequencies. It was built by an instrument team based at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) on the 12th September 1991. It began collecting data on 19th September 1991. The PI was Joe Waters.\r\n\r\nThe instrument measures thermal emission from the Earth's limb, from which vertical profiles of chlorine monoxide (ClO), ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O) sulphur dioxide (SO2) and atmospheric temperature are derived. HNO3 profiles are also available for some periods in the Version 4 data.\r\n\r\nThe data coverage extends from 80°S to 80°N, but at any one time this is restricted to 34°S to 80°N or 34°N to 80°S. In the vertical, measurements are made between approximately 10 and 60 km, from October 1991 to June 1997.\r\n\r\nAlso available as part of this archive are the prototype water vapour profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data, retrieved at the University of Edinburgh (NERC funded project). Data generally cover wider altitude range than \"official\" MLS version 4 retrievals and are available at a higher vertical resolution. Coverage is from September 1991 to April 1993."
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)",
            "abstract": "The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project collected data from a suite of weather satellites operated by several nations. The resulting datasets and analysis products are being used to improve understanding and modelling of the role of clouds in climate, with primary focus being the elucidation of the effects of clouds on the radiation balance. BADC has some data and data are available from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The data are public.",
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            "title": "World Land Surface Temperature Atlas (1992-1993) - ESA",
            "abstract": "This CD-ROM is produced by the European Space Agency (ESA) and contains land surface temperature demonstration products as estimated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of polar orbiters.",
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                    "abstract": "This CD-ROM is produced by the European Space Agency (ESA) and contains land surface temperature demonstration products as estimated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of polar orbiters. The data used are from the full resolution (1 km) composites (decade) data set processed in the framework of the \"1 km AVHRR Global Land Data Set\" collaborative project of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Centre (EDC), NOAA, NASA, ESA under the guidance of IGBP and CEOS. This CD-ROM contains excerpts from the full resolution land surface temperature (1 km pixel) data set over Europe, as well as so called world monthly \"climatic values\" (0.5 degree x 0.5 degree grid). The full processed data set runs from July 1992 to June 1993."
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            "title": "Atmosphere Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) - Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange (MAGE)",
            "abstract": "ACSOE (Atmosphere Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment) - MAGE (Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange). ACSOE, which took place between 1995 and 2000, is a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Thematic Research Programme to investigate the chemistry of the lower atmosphere (0 - 12 km) over the oceans. The studies aimed to bring about a clearer understanding of natural processes in the remote marine atmosphere, and how these processes are affected by atmospheric pollution originating from the continents. This information is vital in understanding regional and global-scale changes in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The principal Investigator of ACSOE was Prof Stuart Penkett of University of East Anglia. The project had three consortia of UK institutes and universities, each of which focused on a different scientific topic: OXICOA (OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere), MAGE (Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange) and ACE (Aerosol Characterisation Experiment). MAGE was a study of aspects of air-sea exchange relevant to atmospheric chemistry and aerosol production.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE)",
                "abstract": "ACSOE was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Thematic Research Programme to investigate the chemistry of the lower atmosphere (0-12 km) over the oceans to understand the natural processes occurring in this layer and the effects of pollutants originating from the continents on them. The project was run by scientists from UK institutes and universities between 1995 and 2000, with fieldwork carried out between 1996 and 1998 over the North Atlantic from the south of Iceland to the Canary Islands. BADC holds the atmospheric data collected during the programme, while the marine data is stored in the British Oceanic Data Centre (BODC)."
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                    "abstract": "As part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) MAGE (Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange), this series of Eastern Atlantic Experiments (EAE) was an extensive study of the speciation of sulphur and nitrogen in both clean and moderately polluted atmospheres. It involved the measurement of DMS (and other gases) in the ocean and calculation of fluxes into the atmosphere, combined with the measurement of the speciation of sulphur and nitrogen in both gas and size-fractionated aerosol phases. Isotopic measurements will be used to assess the relative importance of the natural and anthropogenic sources of sulphur and nitrogen, as well as the branching ratio of MSA to SO2 in the atmospheric oxidation of DMS. The gas-to-particle conversion process and a detailed study of physical and chemical composition of fine particles in North Atlantic air will provide information leading to a better understanding of \"bursts\" of new particle formation observed previously at Atlantic coastal sites.\r\nThe experiments were carried out in the spring seasons of 1996 and 1997 during the period of maximum DMS production in this ocean area, thus providing a strong natural signal to the atmosphere. Measurements were made both offshore on the RRS. Challenger and at Mace Head, Ireland. In addition, profiles of aerosol size and distribution and trace gases throughout the marine boundary layer were made using the Jetstream aircraft. An integral part of this experiment is modelling via a zero-dimensional time-dependent photochemical box model of an air mass in the marine boundary layer. The 1997 period of measurements (May) coincided with the OXICOA measurements at Mace Head, resulting in a large collaborative experiment."
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            "title": "Assimilation of Remote-sensed Data for Applications in the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences (ARDAAOS) NERC Research Programme",
            "abstract": "Atmospheric and oceanographic assimilated data generated by projects under the NERC thematic research programme \"Assimilation of Remote-sensed Data for Applications in the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences\" (1998-2003).",
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "ARDAAOS: Middle atmospheric assimilated data from the Reading assimilated atmospheric satellite",
                    "abstract": "The Reading Assimilated Atmospheric Satellite Data presents an analyses of stratospheric and tropospheric temperature, ozone and water vapour incorporating data from research satellites and operational observations, assimilated with the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HADAM3) configuration of the Unified Model (UM). \r\n\r\nThis dataset includes 3-D global fields for selected periods of time in the 1990s and is produced as part of the Assimilation of Remote-sensed Data for Applications in the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences (ARDAAOS) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) thematic programme."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6580,
                    "uuid": "e9eb2767d2a69f76de28b12d154d4977",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Ensemble of Atmospheric Chemical Assimilation Model Output as part of the Cambridge Chemical Assimilation Data, part of the Assimilation of Remote-sensed Data for Applications in the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences (ARDAAOS) program",
                    "abstract": "The Cambridge Chemical Assimilation Data was produced as part of the Assimilation of Remote-sensed Data for Applications in the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences (ARDAAOS) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) thematic programme. It presents Chemical assimilation data from multiple sources, which is processed into a common file format making it easy to compare data from the various field campaigns and satellite missions."
                }
            ],
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            "uuid": "894a11727653a14febe75e4d1469a0bc",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Dust and Biomass EXperiment (DABEX)",
            "abstract": "The DABEX experiment, based in Niamey, Niger, investigated the radiative effect of dust and biomass aerosols emitted from the Sahara/Sahelian regions. The interaction of dust and biomass over this region has not yet been well-established. Flights of the FAAM BAE-146 in conjunction with surface based sun-photometers determined the accuracy of the retrieval algorithms in terms of the aerosol optical depth, size distribution, and refractive indices. The GERB and SEVERI instruments onboard the geostationary MSG satellite platform have also been used to monitoring the evolution of the dust and biomass plumes.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "DABEX, FAAM, Aerosol, Chemistry",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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                {
                    "ob_id": 2130,
                    "uuid": "673306860624e93ec8b8fbca9b3eff7f",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the Dust and Biomass EXperiment (DABEX)",
                    "abstract": "The Dust And Biomass EXperiment, (DABEX), based in Niamey, Niger in early 2006, investigates the radiative effect of dust and biomass aerosols emitted from the Sahara/Sahelian regions. The interaction of dust and biomass over this region has not previously been well-established. The new GERB and SEVERI instruments onboard the geostationary MSG satellite platform provide ideal tools for monitoring the evolution of the dust and biomass plumes. Radiometers onboard the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft in conjunction with surface based sun-photometers will determine the accuracy of the retrieval algorithms in terms of the aerosol optical depth, size distribution, and refractive indices.\r\n\r\nThe main objectives of DABEX are:\r\n\r\n-to perform high quality in-situ and remote sensing measurements of the optical and physical properties of anthropogenic biomass burning aerosols from sub-Sahelian west Africa;\r\n-to perform high quality in-situ and remote sensing measurements of the optical and physical properties of natural mineral dust aerosols from over sub-Sahelian west Africa;\r\n-to determine the interaction between the anthropogenic biomass burning aerosols and natural mineral dust aerosols using a combination of chemical, physical and optical measurements;\r\n-to provide high quality spectral measurements of the solar and terrestrial radiative effects of both biomass burning aerosol and mineral dust aerosol;\r\n-to determine the consistency between in-situ measurements/ satellite and surface-based remote-sensing methods of the effects on the radiation budget of the Earth of the composite biomass and mineral dust aerosols;\r\n-to model the effect of the biomass and mineral dust aerosols on a regional and global scale and estimate the impact on the global radiation balance of the Earth/Atmosphere system.\r\n"
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1514,
                1515,
                9056
            ],
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            "ob_id": 2215,
            "uuid": "757844ce3bd2ce1539adc78a640020f6",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Atmosphere Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) - Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE)",
            "abstract": "ACSOE (Atmosphere Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment) - ACE (Aerosol Characterisation Experiment). ACSOE, which took place between 1995 and 2000, is a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Thematic Research Programme to investigate the chemistry of the lower atmosphere (0 - 12 km) over the oceans. The studies aimed to bring about a clearer understanding of natural processes in the remote marine atmosphere, and how these processes are affected by atmospheric pollution originating from the continents. This information is vital in understanding regional and global-scale changes in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The principal Investigator of ACSOE was Prof Stuart Penkett of University of East Anglia. The project had three consortia of UK institutes and universities, each of which focused on a different scientific topic: OXICOA (OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere), MAGE (Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange) and ACE (Aerosol Characterisation Experiment). ACE was a study of the processing of gases and aerosols through hill-cap clouds on Tenerife and sub-tropical marine stratocumulus.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "ACSOE, ACE, Aerosol, Cloud",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 12425,
                "uuid": "4f7d5e42f95641c1a908eae9ce25bd3e",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE)",
                "abstract": "ACSOE was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Thematic Research Programme to investigate the chemistry of the lower atmosphere (0-12 km) over the oceans to understand the natural processes occurring in this layer and the effects of pollutants originating from the continents on them. The project was run by scientists from UK institutes and universities between 1995 and 2000, with fieldwork carried out between 1996 and 1998 over the North Atlantic from the south of Iceland to the Canary Islands. BADC holds the atmospheric data collected during the programme, while the marine data is stored in the British Oceanic Data Centre (BODC)."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 12822,
                    "uuid": "84245c1881ac4610ac42f3f63c3e3453",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ACSOE ACE Hill Cloud Experiment (HILLCLOUD)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmosphere Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE) Hill Cloud Experiment (HILLCLOUD) used a hill cap cloud which forms over a ridge on the NE of the island of Tenerife as a natural flow through reactor. An additional objective of this experiment was to characterise the size distribution, size dependent chemical composition and hygroscopic properties of the marine and modified continental aerosol arriving at the North coast of the island. The trace gas concentrations at the same site were similarly characterised."
                }
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                1548,
                1549
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            "ob_id": 2298,
            "uuid": "9b51eb5d44524e4c9aebcbbc53d79a27",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Euroclim500 - Causes of change in European mean and extreme climate over the past 500 years",
            "abstract": "The aim of the Euroclim500 project (Causes of change in European mean and extreme climate over the past 500 years) is to understand the causes of variability and change in mean and extreme temperature, and changes in mean precipitation over the last 500 years, largely focusing on Europe. Spatial patterns of climate change and changes in extremes are important since climate affects society and the natural world on regional scales. By understanding why temperature and temperature extremes as well as precipitation have varied in the past, the project sought to improve prediction of how it might vary in the future. Climate model simulations were produced on the HECTOR supercomputer at Edinburgh using the HadCM3 model. Euroclim500 was a 3 year, NERC funded project.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 2295,
                    "uuid": "b6c714aad70936d663e2e235aa91187c",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Euroclim500 - Causes of change in European mean and extreme climate over the past 500 years: climate variable output from HadCM3 numerical model",
                    "abstract": "Numerical climate output from the HadCM3 climate model simulation runs for the NERC funded Euroclim500 project:  Causes of change in European mean and extreme climate over the past 500 years. These data were produced by Andrew Schurer,  Mike Mineter and Simon Tett using the HadCM3 climate model on the HECTOR supercomputer at the University of Edinburgh."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1593,
                1594
            ],
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        {
            "ob_id": 2318,
            "uuid": "c77c6c21e4729b46edeabb579d8c1fba",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Armagh Observatory, UK",
            "abstract": "The Armagh Observatory is a modern astronomical research institute with a rich heritage. Founded in 1790 by Archbishop Richard Robinson, the Observatory is one of the UK and Ireland's leading scientific research establishments. Around 25 astronomers are actively studying Stellar Astrophysics, the Sun, Solar System astronomy, and the Earth's climate.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Armagh Observatory, Historic observations, meteorology",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 2315,
                    "uuid": "2bca5457886c9352197c0fe9b7122418",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "The Armagh Observatory Climate Observation Data (1796-present)",
                    "abstract": "Data from the Armagh Observatory, founded in 1790 by Archbishop Richard Robinson. There are around 25 astronomers who are actively studying Stellar Astrophysics, the Sun, Solar System astronomy, and the Earth's climate. As well as astronomical observations various meteorological parameters have been recorded since 1794. The data held at the BADC are daily, mean monthly and seasonal and annual maximum and minimum temperatures from 1844, the 1m and 30 cm depth soil temperatures since 1904, precipitation since 1838 and sunshine daily and mean data produced by Armagh Observatory. If users wish to find data from other areas of work undertaken by the observatory they should visit the Armagh Observatory website. "
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1611,
                1612
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                49146,
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        {
            "ob_id": 2325,
            "uuid": "bdd8efcf69d3373e5f4a8abd6ec80377",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "UTLS-OZONE NERC Research Programme",
            "abstract": "UTLS-OZONE was a NERC directed mode programme funding projects to study the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The particular emphasis was on the processes determining the distribution of ozone and any subsequent climate impacts. Two UTLS Ozone projects were based on airborne campaigns using the FAAM aircraft, namely ITOP-UK and CIRRUS.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "UTLS, chemistry, ozone, water vapour",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 12053,
                    "uuid": "efe18e8b291315f0c3aa7b2f3b61021b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "International Transport of Ozone and Precursors  - UK Component (ITOP-UK)",
                    "abstract": "Study of intercontinental transport of air pollutants by means of coordinated flights over the East coast of North America, the Azores and the West coast of Europe. ITOP was a component of ICARTT, an international initiative which coordinates the efforts of various American and European groups who have developed plans for field campaigns in the summer of 2004, with the aim of improving our understanding of the factors determining air quality over the two continents and over remote regions of the North Atlantic. The British contribution to ITOP, referred to as ITOP-UK, was funded by NERC through the UTLS-Ozone Directed Research Programme.\r\n\r\nThe ITOP-UK dataset includes forecast trajectories and other products to support ICARTT flight plans of the Summer 2004 (computed using ECMWF wind fields) and data collected aboard the FAAM Bae-146 aircraft in July and August 2004."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14464,
                    "uuid": "a6ff6910ec164e00b21e69c12e1bffef",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: The SLIMCAT Reference Atmosphere project",
                    "abstract": "The SLIMCAT Reference Atmosphere for UTLS-Ozone was a set of example output from the SLIMCAT three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM). It includes three-dimensional global fields of chemical (and sometimes meteorological) variables as computed for twelve dates in 1997, near the middle of each month.\r\n\r\nThis data set includes 12 files, each of them corresponding to one output time near the middle of each month of Year 1997 (12 Jan, 11 Feb, 13 Mar, 12 Apr, 12 May, 11 Jun, 11 Jul, 10 Aug, 19 Sept, 19 Oct, 18 Nov, 18 Dec). Each file contains the calculated 3-D distribution of 37 chemical species or families and 6 meteorological variables. The model used is the SLIMCAT chemistry transport model (CTM). The model was run from October 1991 and forced by the UK Met Office analyses. The model usesd 18 isentropic levels. The vertical coordinate in the data files is the globally averaged altitude. The real lat/lon-dependent altitude is given in the ALT field recorded in the files. The THETA field gives the real model theta levels (which are constant with latitude/longitude).\r\n\r\nData from Martyn Chipperfield, University of Leeds. NERC Research Programme UTLS-Ozone (Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) and National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14448,
                    "uuid": "02fa1c3ccddd43528ebab0589f3be896",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: Night-Time Chemistry of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere",
                    "abstract": "NERC-UTLS Ozone Thematic Program, 'Night-Time Chemistry of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere' project measuring sunrise NO3 and sunset NO2 column densities above Aberystwyth."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14410,
                    "uuid": "923393c4eadd4cd08979ba0585c55e77",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: CIRRUS",
                    "abstract": "UTLS-OZONE is a NERC directed mode programme funding projects to study the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The particular emphasis is on the processes determining the distribution of ozone and any subsequent climate impacts. UTLS Ozone projects are based on airborne campaigns using the FAAM aircraft CIRRUS."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14440,
                    "uuid": "b5e7c32f7fd5489aaaa6f56139469f86",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: Ozone and water vapour measurements in the tropopause region",
                    "abstract": "Ozone and water vapour in the tropopause region was a joint project between the Physics Department at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth and the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge.\r\n\r\nBackground and objectives\r\n\r\nAir at the base of the stratosphere, within 1-2 km of the tropopause, was considered intermediate in character between stratosphere and troposphere. The ozone concentration increases steeply with height from ~80 ppbv at the tropopause to several hundred ppbv 2 km above it. The water vapour concentration was more variable, but generally decreases from ~100 ppmv at the tropopause to the standard 5-6 ppmv in the same height region. Other tracers of tropospheric origin behave likewise, which means that the lowest 2 km of the stratosphere is of quite a different chemical character to the remainder of the stratosphere.\r\n\r\nWater vapour was a key molecule in the UTLS region, and one that has traditionally been poorly measured above the tropopause. Even though the newest generation of radiosonde at that time (e.g. the Vaisala RS90) performed much better than its predecessors in the upper troposphere it still did not measure adequately in the stratosphere. The MOZAIC humidity sensor was of this type, and was also unable to extend into the stratosphere; indeed, it cannot measure reliably below 100 ppmv in the upper troposphere. Satellite instruments extend water vapour profiles into the UTLS region but their limited resolution in a region of strong vertical gradients limits their value. Measurements of UTLS humidity have therefore relied on in-situ research instrumentation, either balloon-borne or aircraft-borne. Aircraft and large balloons are expensive and cannot provide a proper climatology for water vapour, and the long sequence of NOAA frost-point hygrometer profiles do so only in one location (Boulder). This project seeked to develop a small, relatively cheap package to measure water vapour and ozone in the region around the tropopause.\r\n\r\nSpecific objectives of this project\r\n\r\nThe hygrometers to be used in this project are:\r\n\r\nCommercially-available frost point hygrometer (Snow White) developed by Meteorlabor, Switzerland. This device offered the possibility of water vapour measurements above the tropopause. It can be flown together with an ozonesonde and a radiosonde on a standard ozonesonde package, and was sufficiently cheap to be regarded as a throwaway device.\r\nA surface-acoustic-wave sensor  developed by Cambridge University, which was capable of greater sensitivity and accuracy than conventional frost-point hygrometers. This method is described briefly below. Flying this device with the Snow White instrument tested the capabilities of each instrument as well as providing a unique geophysical data set. Cambridge are have developed this instrument to measure methane as well as water vapour and flights with the methane instrument will be conducted towards the end of the project.\r\nMethodology\r\n\r\nThe measurement phase of the project consisted of four month-long campaigns, for June, September and December 2001 and March 2002. An average of three flights a week were conducted during these periods - a total of 48 flights. These flights were targeted as far as possible, at different air masses in the lower stratosphere over Aberystwyth, with a particular emphasis on north-westerly jet streams. Forecast charts have been used to identify suitable conditions (350 K potential vorticity forecasts from ECMWF were available from NILU, Norway for 1 and 2 days ahead)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14405,
                    "uuid": "82acd4a781ad4952b0ef9afd2d6d1939",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO)",
                    "abstract": "Extension of THESEAO was a joint project between the Centre of Atmospheric Sciences at the university of Cambridge and the National Physical Laboratory.\r\n\r\nUnderstanding the observed loss of ozone in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere was a central objective of the NERC UT/LS Ozone thematic programme. The challenge was to understand the causes of the observed small, long-term changes in ozone. In particular, chemically induced loss had to be separated from change due to transport. This was a much more difficult problem than in the Antarctic spring where ozone loss is very substantial, and where transport plays a relatively small role.\r\n\r\nOzone loss in the Arctic has been substantial in recent winters. However, the appearance of low ozone at a particular altitude does not necessarily imply that chemical destruction of ozone has occurred. Low ozone could instead have been transported, horizontally or vertically, from another location. To confirm the processes involved, coincident measurements of long-lived tracers are required.\r\n\r\nObjectives \r\nThe overall scientific objective within this proposal was to contribute to the understanding of middle latitude ozone loss by making measurements of a number of important tracers of atmospheric motion and photochemistry, and by interpreting these measurements with state-of-the-art models of atmospheric chemistry and transport. \r\n\r\nThe particular aim of the proposal was to extend THESEO measurements of tracer and chemically active gases both spatially and temporally to provide more comprehensive coverage in the middle latitude low stratosphere and upper troposphere. The measurements were complement the similar EU funded measurements whose focus were primarily high and mid-latitudes in 1998/99. They were part of THESEO 2000 which was an extension of THESEO and which formed the basis of European collaboration with US SOLVE experiment which is studying Arctic ozone loss in the 1999/2000 winter. \r\nTogether, these measurements provide a unique data set for the study of chemistry and transport processes at mid latitudes. They studied annual transport through the middle latitude lower stratosphere and the processes of mixing with tropical and polar air. \r\n\r\nData were interpreted using 3D chemical transport models already developed at Cambridge. The large amount of data collected in polar middle and tropical latitudes during THESEO provided a unique opportunity for the new mid-latitude data to contribute to the understanding of middle latitude ozone decline and, in particular, to understanding the relative importance of in situ ozone loss and transport from other regions.\r\n\r\nBalloon flights were made from Esrange Kiruna station during the 1999/2000 winter, with balloon payloads incorporating the same UK and European instruments deployed during THESEO."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14435,
                    "uuid": "7f90dfc24c3b4ce5b4c230996dd2bf62",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport of Ozone (ACTO)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport of Ozone in the UTLS (ACTO) was a round 2 UTLS project led by Stuart Penkett, University of East Anglia.\r\n\r\nThe objectives were:\r\n\r\nTo quantitatively assess the role of in situ chemistry and transport of stratospheric and lower tropospheric air on the ozone budget in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, focussing on the North Atlantic in spring and summer.\r\nQuantify the role of in-situ photochemistry (production and destruction) of ozone in layers of different composition through a combination of chemistry measurements.\r\nQuantify the sources of radical species (HOx and ROx) from photolysis of various molecules and to investigate the form and source of NOy in the UTLS region.\r\nAssess the impact of transport and mixing on the ozone budget in the UTLS through the identification of air masses each with a distinct origin and composition and to study their photo-chemical evolution in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere.\r\nDetermining the extent to which the existence of layering influences the chemistry of the UTLS and quantifying the impact of mixing between air masses on the photochemical activity at their interfaces.\r\n\r\nMethodology\r\nThe overall methodology was to analyse existing data, to collect new data, including that collected by some new instruments, in a part of the atmosphere rarely examined before (UTLS), and to interpret this data using a range of numerical models.\r\n\r\nData were already collected on the composition and structure of the troposphere as part of OCTA, ACSOE, and TACIA programmes, UTLS-DCFZ and EU-MAXOX during campaigns in the first half of 1999. There was an obvious progression from the objectives of the previous experiments and those of this project. Therefore analysis of the data from these programmes were valuable for the planning of the new measurement campaign, which were collected in the UTLS using the UKMO C-130 during 40 hours flying time, in the spring/summer period of the 2000. Flights were 3-6 hours and did take place in the North Atlantic off northern Britain and were predominantly in the upper troposphere (4 to 11km) with only occasional sorties into the lower stratosphere. Flights were designed to examine the chemical composition and reactivity of different air masses: boundary layer air (marine and (polluted) continental); tropical and subtropical air; upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric air; and polar air. Detailed meteorological and chemical forecast data were obtained from ECMWF, UKMO and NILU. Domain filling trajectory calculations, with forecast wind fields, were used to locate layers and to determine their orientation, whilst the NILU chemical forecast model provided information on the expected chemical composition of the different air masses. To determine the origin, composition and chemical activity of the different air masses found in the UTLS, measurements were made from a large number of tracers, ozone precursors, reactive species and photochemical products."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14439,
                    "uuid": "ab2ed568b11d4bc7aa023e7a1b63bb08",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone ERA40: Evaluation of the ozone and water vapour datasets of the 40 year European re-analysis of the global atmosphere",
                    "abstract": "Evaluation of the Ozone and Water Vapour Datasets of the 40-Year European Re-analysis of the Global Atmosphere Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) Round 2 project led by Prof. A. O Neill, Dr W. Lahoz and Prof. B. Hoskins, Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading.\r\n\r\nRe-analyses datasets, such as the 40-year re-analysis dataset has been produced by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40). This has provided an invaluable tool for a wide range of modelling, theoretical and observational studies of the atmosphere, including the UTLS region. This is because they have the advantage of being global, self-consistent and relatively long-term. It was vital that the ERA-40 dataset was carefully evaluated before, for example, projects studying the UTLS region draw conclusions based on its use. To this end, this project an evaluation of ozone and water vapour fields (important for climate, radiation and dynamics) in the UTLS region using mainly independent satellite data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), and aircraft data from the Measurements of Ozone by Airbus In Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) programme, and measurements from fields campaigns (e.g. the European Arctic Stratospheric Experiment (EASOE), and the Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME).\r\n\r\nObjectives\r\n\r\nTo evaluate the ozone and water vapour datasets in ERA-40, including the identification of shortcomings and suggestions for improvements.\r\nTo gain intimate knowledge of the data quality and shortcomings of ERA-40 datasets other than ozone and water vapour, via membership of the ERA-40 data evaluation team.\r\nTo provide users with quality-controlled, three dimensional ozone and water vapour datasets from the ERA-40 analyses, together with error statistics on the reliability of the fields.\r\nTo provide support for measurement campaigns associated with the study of chemistry/ climate interactions.\r\nTo provide support to the scientific community in the form of climatologies for studies of atmospheric variability and predictability.\r\nTo provide interdisciplinary training in data evaluation and analysis techniques, earth observation sciences and atmospheric modelling."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14434,
                    "uuid": "b7afa77087be4853bd2988ecdf0f1108",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: Dynamics and Chemistry of Frontal Zones (DCFZ)",
                    "abstract": "Frontal zones are regions where are descending from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere comes in close proximity to rising air of recent boundary-layer origin. Such zones are often strongly sheared and subject to shearing instability and mixing.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the UTLS-DCFZ project was to investigate the nature and effect of the mixing of the two airmasses which may be characterised by very different chemical compositions. In particular, the experimental campaign helped answer questions concerning:\r\n\r\nThe distribution of chemical species around fronts.\r\nThe role of frontal systems in transporting chemical species from the boundary layer and the stratosphere into the troposphere.\r\nThe extent and rate of mixing between the differing air-masses in the vicinity of fronts.\r\nThe effect of this mixing on the photochemistry of OH and ozone.\r\nThe effect of this mixing on the dynamical structure of the front, which will feed back through 1. and 2. above.\r\n\r\nFive flights were carried out between January and April 1999, two of which were in the period which overlapped with MAXOX. These flights sampled a range of frontal situations, so the main improvement which could be made to the dataset would be to sample more fronts in a similar way, to improve the statistical basis for any analysis. Aircraft measurements of the chemical (e.g. CO, O3, NOx as well as MAXOX measureables during some of the flights), thermodynamic, physical (e.g. liquid water content, CCN etc.) and dynamical characteristics of a number of frontal situations were made. Chilbolton radar images are also available."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14426,
                    "uuid": "1f97e3900136472da16821dabe5069ba",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UTLS-Ozone: Egrett",
                    "abstract": "The Aberystwyth Egrett Experiment: Gravity Waves, Turbulence, Mixing and Filamentation in the Tropopause Region was a Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) Round 2 project led by Dr J. Whiteway and Dr G. Vaughan, Department of Physics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.\r\n\r\nDataset contains: airborne measurements, by the Egrett aircraft, of turbulence, ozone, water vapour, CH4 and CFCs; Ground based measurements, by the NERC MST Radar, of atmospheric structure, mesoscale dynamics, and turbulence; Balloons measurements of ozone, water vapour, wind, temperature and pressure; Lidar of ozone, water vapour, temperature and cirrus clouds.\r\n\r\nObjectives and Methodology\r\n\r\nThe main objectives are outlined as follows.\r\n\r\n-Gravity waves, turbulence and mixing. The processes by which gravity waves break and cause turbulence has been investigated. It will be determined whether the mixing associated with this turbulence has a significant influence on the distribution of constituents in the tropopause region. Particular emphasis has been placed on mixing at and across the tropopause\r\n-Gravity wave spectra. This involved measurements of the vertical, horizontal, and temporal spectra of temperature and wind fluctuations. The influence of specific meteorological conditions have been identified in each of the different types of spectra.\r\n-Gravity wave variability. The spatial variability of gravity wave activity has been determined with respect to specific meteorological patterns (e.g. the jet stream).\r\n-Distribution of filamentation.  Determined whether and how filamentary structure becomes less prominent with altitude above the jet.\r\n-Scale of filamentation. The across-flow scales of filaments will be determined at different altitudes above the jet stream, and this was compared to model predictions\r\n-Filamentation and mixing. It was determined if there was a clear evidence of mixing (e.g. ozone-rich moist air) in filaments near the tropopause, in regions downstream of expected or observed gravity-wave breaking. Generally, the mixture of tracer concentrations were used to gauge the extent to which air near the tropopause region is genuinely mixed, with respect to the synoptic meteorological pattern.\r\n\r\nDeliverables\r\n\r\nAirborne measurements: A unique stratospheric research aircraft, the Egrett aircraft, performed 10 separate flights in the UTLS region above Aberystwyth. The Egrett was equipped with advanced instrumentation for measurements of turbulence, ozone and water vapour.\r\n\r\nGround based measurements: The ground based facilities at Aberystwyth were operated to their full capacity during the Egrett campaign. The NERC MST Radar provided measurements of atmospheric structure, mesoscale dynamics, and turbulence. Balloons carryed instruments for measuring ozone, water vapour, wind, temperature and pressure. Three separate lidar systems provided measurements of ozone, water vapour, temperature and cirrus clouds.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of gravity waves and turbulence: The above measurements were conducted when gravity waves were breaking and causing turbulence. The combination of the Egrett and ground based measurements have been used to determine if this process is significant for transport of chemical constituents in the UTLS region. These measurements also provided a new basis for testing theories and models of the wave breaking process.\r\n\r\nAnalysis of filamentation: The Egrett aircraft was directed to fly through regions of filamentation in the lower stratosphere. This provided new data to test theories and models of mixing through turbulence at the edges of filaments."
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        {
            "ob_id": 2402,
            "uuid": "52c9a18952a1267389e751b0c1a7bdc4",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
            "abstract": "The URGENT thematic programme was set up to integrate urban ecological and environmental research. It gathers together research projects related to Soil, Water, Ecology and Air Sciences. Data issued by the latter are archived at BADC. These mainly include ground based measurements in the vicinity of urban areas but also observations from aircraft, lab measurements and model results. Recorded parameters include atmospheric chemicals and aerosols, photolysis rates and meteorological variables. The largest atmospheric science related project is the PUMA consortium, which also has links with many of the other \"Air\" projects.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "URGENT, air pollution, chemistry, meteorology",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 14245,
                    "uuid": "b0b4137d6e2a46f4b64a058c578a3bfa",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Tracer and Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants (GASPOL) project part of the Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "Tracer and Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants (GASPOL) was a NERC Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) Air project (GST/02/1974 - Duration: 2/9/1998 - 31/8/2001) led by Prof Peter Simmonds, University of Bristol.\r\n\r\nThe transport and dispersion of pollutants, within and from a large urban area, are important processes due to their potential environmental impact on city inhabitants and those living in nearby communities. The release of atmospheric Tracers is a powerful technique to simulate the dispersion of pollutants and to enable direct measurement of the transport path and concentrations along the trajectory. Successful Tracers a inert, non-toxic, non-depositing, with low atmospheric background concentrations, long atmospheric lifetimes, and limited commercial use. This research project developed the Tracer technology necessary to characterise atmospheric dispersion within the urban environment.\r\n\r\nBristol University were exploiting the many years of experience in Tracer technology coupled with recent advances in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. There were several components to developing an effective experimental Tracer technology and this project was addressing each of these in turn:\r\n\r\n-Selection of Tracers\r\n-Analytical instrumentation for their quantitative determination in the femtolitre/litre range\r\n-Design and construction of automated sequential samplers\r\n-Tracer release apparatus\r\n-The preparation of accurate perfluorocarbon standards."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14246,
                    "uuid": "c53cc562940c4fc89cde580b1d29aed2",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Particulate Pollutants: PHYsicochemistry and TOXicity (PHYTOX) project part of the Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "Airborne Particulate Pollutants: PHYsicochemistry and TOXicity (PHYTOX) is a NERC Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) Air project (GST/02/2222 - Duration: 1/10/1998 - 30/9/2001) led by Prof Roy Richards, University of Wales, Cardiff.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this project were:\r\n\r\n-to collect and provide detailed physiochemical analysis of PM10 (defined as particulate matter which has an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10microns) from four sites (industrial, densely populated urban, open cast mining and rural) in the South Wales conurbation\r\n-to examine the ability of the characterised samples of PM10 to produce lung inflammation, increase lung permeability or initiate epithelial damage\r\n-to determine if the effects are transient or progressive.\r\n\r\nThis project has a multi-disciplinary approach to collect, quantify, physicochemically characterise and determine the respiratory toxicology of different samples of airborne particles. The research is especially timely because of the increasing concerns by government, medical and environmental professionals about possible adverse health effects of particulate pollution. In addition, there is growing public concern, particularly amongst asthmatics and the healthy population, who live near traffic or other particle-generating sources, that airborne pollutants may be detrimental to health."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14247,
                    "uuid": "19262eead5a44b97bb083f6a66a92973",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "PROFIL Vertical Profiles of Wind, Temperature, Turbulence, Sensible Heat, Aerosol and Trace-Gas Concentrations and Fluxes within the Urban Boundary Layer for PUMA (Pollution in Urban Midlands Atmospheres) project part of the Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "This project provided facilities in the form of a low cost, highly instrumented aircraft designed for probing the turbulent and aerosol-cloud microphysical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Priority use was given to the PUMA (Pollution of the Urban Midlands) consortia during the field trials planned for June 1999 and January / February 2000. The main objectives were:\r\n\r\n-to provide high resolution 3-D wind turbulence, temperature and trace-gas variances of the urban ABL\r\n-to provide measurements of the vertical and horizontal profile of aerosol concentration and volumetric size distribution over the Birmingham conurbation\r\n-to provide a database of aircraft urban ABL case studies, which will be available to the PUMA and ASURE modelling communities via the appropriate NERC database committee\r\n-to provide, where current UMIST instrumentation and facilities allow, the aircraft as a measurement platform for specific URGENT user measurement requests\r\n-to measure the vertical entrainment and venting rates of trace-gas and aerosol between the urban ABL and the lower troposphere\r\n-to measure the net aerosol / condensation nucleus flux downwind over an urban environment\r\n-to construct and install a low cost aerosol collection sampling system to provide complementary aerosol chemical composition data to the PUMA measurement campaigns and to the PUMA modelling efforts.\r\n\r\nA flight programme of ten flight days / case studies was designated solely to the PUMA consortia. Five additional flights were made available for either (a) instrument testing required by PUMA, which required the removal of the base-line instruments due to space and weight limitations, or (b) specific flights to accommodate other URGENT requirements."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14248,
                    "uuid": "8929b780c7954dcf94f53100be4b4906",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Observation, Modelling And Management Of Urban Air Pollution (PUMA COnsortium - PUMACO) project part of the Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "URGENT - Observation, Modelling And Management Of Urban Air Pollution (PUMA COnsortium - PUMACO) was a NERC Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) Air project (GST/02/1981 - Duration: 1/01/1998 - 30/09/2001) led by Prof. Roy M. Harrison, University of Birmingham.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this project were:\r\n\r\n-To apply a high spatial resolution meso-scale meteorological model to the West Midlands. This was the first of its kind in the UK.\r\n-To add a coupled dispersion and atmospheric chemistry model, capable of predicting both primary and secondary air pollutant concentrations at urban background locations across the conurbation with a horizontal resolution of about 2km and a vertical resolution as low as 25m. The model were validated against high quality measurements of primary pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and NOX, as well as secondary pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, ozone and secondary inorganic particulate matter. It was compared with an existing model (UAM).\r\n-To make measurements of concentrations of a wide range of both long-lived and transient chemical species including hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds, oxyacids of nitrogen and the free radical species OH, HO2, RO2 and NO3, which play a key role in atmospheric chemistry.\r\n-To validate the atmospheric chemical reaction mechanisms within the model in a depth not previously attempted.\r\n-To gain insights into the chemical processes controlling the composition of the urban atmosphere at a very fundamental level.\r\n-To produce a management model applicable for national and local government to predict the impact on air quality of specific control strategies for a wide range of criteria pollutants and on a range of timescales (minutes to years).\r\n\r\nThis project was seeking to apply and validate a well accepted meso-scale meteorological model (the Colorado State University RAMS model) coupled with a very detailed chemical scheme within a Lagrangian particle dispersion model.\r\n\r\nA dozen of urban and suburban sites in and around the West Midlands County (UK) were chosen for the project. The principal urban site was Pritchatts Road, Birmingham City. Peripheric sites included Halfpenny Green Airport (West of Birmingham) and Withybrook Equestrian Centre (East of Birmingham). The field campaigns ran from 11 June - 13 July 1999 and 17 January - 17 February 2000. A variety of observation platforms were used. They included two ambulant laboratories (Birmingham and Leeds teams), a pollution monitoring van and a 10 m high tower allowing measurements to be made at a height of 5 or 10 metres. Most observations were made when the platform was stationary but some data were collected while driving (peripheric sites)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 14249,
                    "uuid": "eb5af50b710e4b9ebe23012f0acebf68",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Universities Weather Research Network (UWERN) project part of the Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) NERC Research Programme",
                    "abstract": "Universities Weather Research Network (UWERN) Urban Meteorology Programme (URBMET) was a NERC Urban Regeneration and the Environment (URGENT) Air project (GST/02/2231 - Duration: 1/01/1999 - 30/6/2002) led by Dr Stephen Belcher, University of Reading.\r\n\r\nThe key issues of this project were:\r\n\r\n-how boundary-layer motions drive small-scale street-level circulations within the urban canopy\r\n-how street-level circulations feed back into the larger-scale boundary-layer above by mixing heat, moisture and momentum\r\n-how small-scale circulations within the streets mix pollutants from street-level into the boundary-layer above\r\n-how larger-scale motions above affect the mixing.\r\n\r\nThis work brought together expertise from dynamical and observational meteorology, and theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics to make full-scale and laboratory measurements of the atmospheric boundary-layer over urban areas. The project developed a sound understanding of the processes of mixing and transport from the street-level into the boundary-layer. It also developed methods for parameterising these processes in urban-scale dispersion models and in numerical weather prediction models through an urban canopy model of urban areas."
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        {
            "ob_id": 2466,
            "uuid": "d2a1eae2cff4b2e93320a7027ec9e832",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "European eXport of Precursors and Ozone by long-Range Transport (EXPORT)",
            "abstract": "The primary objective of EXPORT is to characterise and quantify the photochemical air pollution both forming over Europe and being exported eastwards from Europe. The data held at BADC was collected during a co-ordinated 3 aircraft flying campaign in August 2000 based at Oberpfaffenhofen in Southern Germany. Measurements were made of many photochemical parameters including ozone, its precursors, other oxidants and both gas phase and particulate tracers in the air over Europe and that being transported eastwards out of Europe. The groups involved are the Universities of East Anglia, Cambridge, Leicester, Leeds, Reading and UPMC-SA, MRF, DLR, Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics - Heidelberg and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 2463,
                    "uuid": "09c6bbdf1e869d0f9c1d21dc190c4df1",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "European eXport of Precursors and Ozone by long-Range Transport (EXPORT) project: Aircraft Photochemical Measurements",
                    "abstract": "The primary objective of the European eXport of Precursors and Ozone by long-Range Transport (EXPORT) project is to characterise and quantify the photochemical air pollution both forming over Europe and being exported eastwards from Europe. \r\n\r\nThe methodology has been to conduct a flying campaign in August 2000 during which measurements of many photochemical parameters including ozone, its precursors, other oxidants and both gas phase and particulate tracers were made in the air over Europe and that being transported eastwards out of Europe. The collected data will then be used to:\r\n\r\nidentify the origin of the observed polluted air masses;\r\ncharacterise their chemical composition and tendencies;\r\nvalidate chemical transport models, which will then be employed to quantify the contribution of European emissions to tropospheric ozone.\r\nThree aircraft were involved in the flying campaign which was based at Oberpfaffenhofen in Southern Germany:\r\n\r\nthe C-130 Hercules aircraft (NERC Atmospheric Research Airborne Support Facility) operated by the Meteorological Research Flight (MRF);\r\nthe Falcon operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR); \r\nthe Mystere belonging to the University of Pierre and Marie Curie Paris - Service d'Aeronomie (UPMC-SA).\r\n\r\nEach aircraft was independently funded from national resources, which in the case of the C-130, was provided equally by the Met Office and NERC.\r\nThe C-130 was equipped with instrumentation for the measurement of many gas phase species and particulate quantities in addition to filter radiometers (see Table). The DLR Falcon was also extensively equipped and was able to extend the altitude range of some species above the ceiling of the C-130 (from 10 to 13 km). The Mystere was only equipped with a few in situ chemical sensors, but carried an airborne LIDAR, which was able to produce ozone cross-sections.\r\n\r\nData collected on board all 3 aircraft will be processed and quality controlled before being submitted to this central archive at BADC, within 6 months of collection (February 2001). This data is governed by a Data Protocol, which will allow it to be available to all participants whilst ensuring due credit is given to the providers. The data from the C-130 was made publicly accessible 2 years after collection (August 2002). The groups involved are the Universities of East Anglia, Cambridge, Leicester, Leeds, Reading and UPMC-SA, MRF, DLR, Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics - Heidelberg and the Norwegian Institute for Air Research.\r\n\r\nThe data held at BADC was collected during a co-ordinated 3 aircraft flying campaign in August 2000 based at Oberpfaffenhofen in Southern Germany. Measurements were made of many photochemical parameters including ozone, its precursors, other oxidants and both gas phase and particulate tracers in the air over Europe and that being transported eastwards out of Europe."
                }
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                1725,
                1726
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        {
            "ob_id": 2544,
            "uuid": "398e26d07e8b2b9e1b9d4c47566c80ac",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Climatology Interdisciplinary Data Collection (CIDC)",
            "abstract": "In Autumn 1995, the Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center (GDAAC) compiled the Climatology Interdisciplinary Data Collection (CIDC) to facilitate interdisciplinary studies related to climate and global change. This data collection has been produced in collaboration with the Center for Earth Observing and Space Research (CEOSR), Institute for Computational Sciences and Informatics (CSI), and George Mason University. It was designed for the study of global change, seasonal to interannual climate change, and other phenomena that require from one to dozens of interacting parameters.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 2541,
                    "uuid": "952240c4d03cfcfdef1590a4bad64ffb",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Climatology Interdisciplinary Data Collection (CIDC): Ensemble of Global Marine and Land-Surface Monthly Mean Climate Parameters",
                    "abstract": "In Autumn 1995, the Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center (GDAAC) compiled the Climatology Interdisciplinary Data Collection (CIDC) to facilitate interdisciplinary studies related to climate and global change. This data collection has been produced in collaboration with the Center for Earth Observing and Space Research (CEOSR), Institute for Computational Sciences and Informatics (CSI), and George Mason University. It was designed for the study of global change, seasonal to interannual climate change, and other phenomena that require from one to dozens of interacting parameters.\r\n\r\nA few of the possible study areas are the depletion of stratospheric ozone, the weather changes associated with the periodic El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, periodic droughts, and global warming. Short background information scenarios are given on the CD for the Monsoon, El Niño, and global warming phenomena.\r\n\r\nThe CD set also contains read software and the Gridded Analysis and Display System (GrADS).\r\n\r\nData from the scientific disciplines dealing with meteorology and atmospheric sciences, land surface, ocean, cryosphere, biosphere, the Sun, and remote sensing science have been gathered into one place and, where feasible, presented in a common format (monthly means with a 1° x 1° world grid, or commensurable resolution and IEEE 32-bit floating point numbers). Over 70 physical parameters from some 25 separate datasets are represented. The Data Collection Overview document on the CDs lists alphabetically all the physical parameters along with the dataset(s) in which they can be found. It also contains a separate listing of each dataset, its origin, and the parameters included. Each dataset is also accompanied by a detailed user's guide.\r\n\r\nThe Climatology Interdisciplinary Data Collection (CIDC) has been subdivided into seven categories. The grouping is influenced by the types of physical parameters involved and partially by the way that they are processed. Because of this the same physical parameter may appear in several datasets and in more than one category. When this occurs different algorithms have normally been used to produce the parameter. The included datasets included  below.\r\n\r\nAtmospheric dynamics & atmospheric sounding products\r\nRadiation and clouds\r\nBiosphere data\r\nMeasured variable atmospheric constituents\r\nMeasured surface temperature and pressure\r\nHydrological data\r\nRemote sensing science\r\n\r\nThe data on the CD set was collected in a variety of ways, using remote sensing, direct measurements, and model output. The individual datasets were provided in a variety of forms. In some cases this required the data publication team to regrid and reformat datasets and in others to produce monthly averages from finer resolution data. The specific handling for each dataset is detailed in the documentation. The regridded, reformatted, integrated, and peer reviewed datasets are published on this four-volume CD collection.\r\n\r\nThe data are held online at the BADC are public and are made available for browsing purposes. \r\n\r\nVolume 1: Biosphere, Hydrology, Surface Temperature, Ozone, Greenhouse Gases\r\nVolume 2: Atmospheric Dynamics\r\nVolume 3: Radiation and Clouds\r\nVolume 4: Atmospheric Surroundings"
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1771,
                1772
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                11845
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        {
            "ob_id": 2648,
            "uuid": "5da1a4a2137a6a1e2ac47519ca2d064e",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "European Space Agency  (ESA)",
            "abstract": "The European Space Agency is Europe's gateway to space. Its mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe. \r\n\r\nESA has 17 Member States. By coordinating the financial and intellectual resources of its members, it can undertake programmes and activities far beyond the scope of any single European country.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 19241,
                "uuid": "50eba91c22414cfd948c0b8e49dc558c",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Meteosat Geostationary Satellites First Generation",
                "abstract": "Meteosat Geostationary Satellites First Generation was operated by EUMETSAT and provided almost continuous images to meteorologists and researchers in Europe and around the world. \r\n\r\nMeteosat-7 and its predecessors were the first generation of earth observation dedicated geostationary satellites located at 36000 km above the intersection of the Equator and the Greenwich Meridian. Although superseded by MSG-1 (renamed Meteosat-8) in 2005, Meteosat-7 remained as back-up at 0o longitude until 14th June 2006. Meteosat-7 will be moved to 63oE longitude to continue coverage of the Indian Ocean and take over from Meteosat-5.\r\n\r\nMeteosat-7 was launched by the European Space Agency and operated by Eumetsat."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 19241,
                    "uuid": "50eba91c22414cfd948c0b8e49dc558c",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Meteosat Geostationary Satellites First Generation",
                    "abstract": "Meteosat Geostationary Satellites First Generation was operated by EUMETSAT and provided almost continuous images to meteorologists and researchers in Europe and around the world. \r\n\r\nMeteosat-7 and its predecessors were the first generation of earth observation dedicated geostationary satellites located at 36000 km above the intersection of the Equator and the Greenwich Meridian. Although superseded by MSG-1 (renamed Meteosat-8) in 2005, Meteosat-7 remained as back-up at 0o longitude until 14th June 2006. Meteosat-7 will be moved to 63oE longitude to continue coverage of the Indian Ocean and take over from Meteosat-5.\r\n\r\nMeteosat-7 was launched by the European Space Agency and operated by Eumetsat."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 19260,
                    "uuid": "af7b7d3d918248dfbf2a8bec4ecb07ad",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)",
                    "abstract": "The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) was an instrument aboard ERS-2. The main scientific objective of the GOME mission is to measure the global distribution of ozone and several trace gases which play an important role in the ozone chemistry of the Earth's stratosphere and troposphere, for example, NO2, BrO, OClO, and SO2."
                }
            ],
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                    "ob_id": 6584,
                    "uuid": "6b45fb0da5dd0346866b836cf48be082",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Sea Surface Temperatures from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-1) - 1991-1995",
                    "abstract": "The data on this 2 CD set was derived from the the first Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR-1) which was a four-channel, dual-view, infra-red radiometer capable of measuring Sea Surface Temperature to very high accuracy (better the 0.3K). The instrument was launched on the ESA remote sensing satellite (ERS-1) in July 1991.\r\n\r\nThe dataset consists of two types of data product: (a) Spatially averaged sea surface temperatures (ASSTs) and (b) Time averaged global maps. The ASSTs are provided daily in half-degree cells together with with temporal and positional confidence information. The time-averaged global maps are provided at half degree resolution averaged over 5 day and 1 month periods. The data on the CDs cover the four year period from August 1991 to July 1995 inclusive.\r\n\r\nThe Principal Investigator for ATSR-1 is Chris Mutlow at the STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6276,
                    "uuid": "c729eb607e0830349d495020d0076723",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Measurement of H2O Absorption Cross-Sections funded by the European Space Agency (ESA)",
                    "abstract": "The 'Measurement of H2O Absorption Cross-Sections for the Exploitation of GOME’ project is a European Space Agency (ESA) funded study.  The GOME and SCIAMACHY instruments are downward-viewing satellite-borne spectrometers that observe back-scattered solar radiation from the Earth's atmosphere. Global data on the distributions and vertical profiles of a large number of chemical species present in the atmosphere can be determined from the observations. Ozone distributions are a key measurement, but many other atmospheric gases and vapours involved in ozone chemistry and global climate change are also measured. Water vapour is of particular significance because it dominates the energy balance of the atmosphere. Also the spectrum of water vapour must be adequately understood and accounted for when deriving the concentration or distribution of trace atmospheric species. The dataset contains distributions and vertical profiles of atmospheric chemical species (in particular ozone) as well as the distribution of trace atmospheric species. This dataset is public."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                1849,
                1850
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        {
            "ob_id": 2801,
            "uuid": "1fceed5b4c4ae96fed2a0dd38c993a92",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance (CAVIAR)",
            "abstract": "The CAVIAR campaign will be part of a large consortium which includes theoretical studies of the water dimer, FTS and Cavity Ring Down measurements of continuum absorption in the laboratory and modelling studies of the impact of the continuum on the Earth's radiation budget for present day and possible future climates. The CAVIAR campaign will use instruments on board the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft to determine the strength and temperature dependence of the water vapour continuum over a range of wavelengths. In doing so, the aim is to determine whether water vapour dimers, or the far wings of monomer lines, or a combination of both, are responsible for the continuum absorption, and put the continuum on a more secure theoretical footing.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "status": "",
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                    "ob_id": 2798,
                    "uuid": "6278b0a406d541ec7c2fb04654f37386",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance (CAVIAR) project",
                    "abstract": "The Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance (CAVIAR) campaign will use instruments on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft to determine the strength and temperature dependence of the water vapour continuum over a range of wavelengths. In doing so, the aim is to determine whether water vapour dimers, or the far wings of monomer lines, or a combination of both, are responsible for the continuum absorption, and put the continuum on a more secure theoretical footing."
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            ],
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                1945,
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        {
            "ob_id": 2909,
            "uuid": "2ec3200095fbc0a3b3b99d6e6a10cf1d",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis (Amazonica)",
            "abstract": "Amazonian tropical forests cover the largest forested area globally, constitute the largest reservoir of above-ground organic carbon and are exceptionally species rich. They are under strong human pressure through logging, forest to pasture conversion and exploitation of natural resources and they face a warming climate and a changing atmospheric environment. These factors have the potential to affect significantly the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden (CO2, CH4), chemistry and climate. \n\nThe Amazonica project aims to: \n1.\tTo obtain large-scale budgets of greenhouse gases top-down, based on atmospheric concentration data and inverse atmospheric transport modelling.\n2.\tTo estimate fluxes associated with individual processes bottom-up, based on existing and new remote sensing information (deforestation and fires), tree-by-tree censuses in undisturbed forests, and river carbon measurements. \n3.\tTo use existing, and, where missing, targeted new, on-ground measurements of ecosystem functioning and climate response, in order to constrain land ecosystem and river carbon model representation, which will then be combined in an integrated land carbon cycle model. \n4.\tTo couple a fully integrated land carbon cycle model (from 3) into a regional climate model and use it (i) to predict current concentrations, and (ii) to calculate the systems response to a changing climate and human population, given a representative range of scenarios. \n5.\tIn a final synthesis step we will analyse and combine top-down (1) and bottom-up estimates (2 and 3) to develop multiple constraint and mutually consistent carbon fluxes over the four-year measurement period. \nThe project aims to obtain an improved quantification of a major but currently poorly constrained component of the global carbon cycle, based on a new understanding of the underlying processes and their large-scale effect. The project will also provide much improved predictions of the response of the Amazon to future climate change.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
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                {
                    "ob_id": 2906,
                    "uuid": "a9b7329a84ae3477cb826e2f55b12a39",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis (Amazonica) Data",
                    "abstract": "This dataset contains greenhouse gas profile measurements from the Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis (AMAZONICA) project. AMAZONICA was an UK-Brasil Consortium funded by NERC (Natural Environmental Reasearch Council, UK) which aimed to quantify the carbon balance of the Amazon Basin and its associated contribution to global atmospheric change, to apportion and understand the processes contributing to the net Basin-wide flux observed and, to allow improved assessments of the likely role of the Amazon Basin in contributing and/or alleviating future planetary change. Data were collected and collated by the AMAZONICA team in the UK and Brazil and were deposited at BADC before the end of the project (expected end 2012 - mid 2013)."
                }
            ],
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                2004,
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) - OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere (OXICOA)",
            "abstract": "ACSOE (Atmosphere Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment) - OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere (OXICOA). ACSOE, which took place between 1995 and 2000, is a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Thematic Research Programme to investigate the chemistry of the lower atmosphere (0 - 12 km) over the oceans. The studies aimed to bring about a clearer understanding of natural processes in the remote marine atmosphere, and how these processes are affected by atmospheric pollution originating from the continents. This information is vital in understanding regional and global-scale changes in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The principal Investigator of ACSOE was Prof Stuart Penkett of University of East Anglia. The project had three consortia of UK institutes and universities, each of which focused on a different scientific topic: OXICOA (OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere), MAGE (Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange) and ACE (Aerosol Characterisation Experiment). OXICOA was a study of oxidant, radical and related gas-phase chemistry in the clean and moderately polluted marine atmosphere.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "ACSOE, OXICOA, Tropospheric Chemistry",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 12425,
                "uuid": "4f7d5e42f95641c1a908eae9ce25bd3e",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE)",
                "abstract": "ACSOE was a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Thematic Research Programme to investigate the chemistry of the lower atmosphere (0-12 km) over the oceans to understand the natural processes occurring in this layer and the effects of pollutants originating from the continents on them. The project was run by scientists from UK institutes and universities between 1995 and 2000, with fieldwork carried out between 1996 and 1998 over the North Atlantic from the south of Iceland to the Canary Islands. BADC holds the atmospheric data collected during the programme, while the marine data is stored in the British Oceanic Data Centre (BODC)."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 12801,
                    "uuid": "80d1282e07bd49d795df48f38c09b371",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ACSOE OXICOA Eastern Atlantic Spring/Summer Experiments (EASE)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere (OXICOA) Eastern Atlantic Spring/Summer Experiments (EASE) were carried out from the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, Ireland and from on-board the Cranfield Jetstream Research Aircraft. The objectives of the project were: to investigate the chemical production and loss mechanisms of atmospheric oxidants in the marine boundary layer; to determine the role of photochemically produced radical species in the ozone cycle in the marine boundary layer; to investigate the speciation of oxidised nitrogen and its consequences for long range transport and photochemical processing; to characterise the air masses arriving off the West coast of Ireland and determine whether trace gas composition is indicative of the source of the air mass; to quantify the extent of NOy chemistry in the marine atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean; to investigate the extent of halogenation chemistry occurring over the Atlantic Ocean; and to study the extent of NO3 chemistry, particularly its impact on DMS and hydrocarbons. The experiments at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station focused on ozone, OH and nitrogen species active in the oxidant chemistry, while the Cranfield Jetstream Research Aircraft was used to characterise the vertical and horizontal homogeneity of the air mass in the troposphere."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12821,
                    "uuid": "78c8bbea5a55486d9409251ffa8abebc",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ACSOE OXICOA Free Tropospheric Experiment (FREETEX)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere (OXICOA) Free Tropospheric Experiment (FREETEX) aimed to provide radical species in high altitudes from an alpine environment, and to make comparisons with measurements from C-130 flights."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12887,
                    "uuid": "d50a4725b4ce49d186570de20e81b50d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ACSOE OXICOA Long-Term Studies of chemical Climatology (LTERM)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere (OXICOA) Long-Term Studies of chemical Climatology (LTERM) involves longer term measurements of some campaign-type activities in ACSOE. This is to help interpreting the results from OXICOA campaign by showing the seasonal variations."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12806,
                    "uuid": "94c63dcd03274a758917170e12a89aa5",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ACSOE OXICOA Ozone Profile Experiment (OZPROF)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment (ACSOE) OXIdising Capacity of the Ocean Atmosphere (OXICOA) was a study of oxidant, radical and related gas-phase chemistry in the clean and moderately polluted marine atmosphere. The objectives of Ozone Profile Experiment (OZPROF) was to obtain ozone profiles data which could be used to study the variations and structures of tropospheric ozone."
                }
            ],
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            "identifier_set": [
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                2010
            ],
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        {
            "ob_id": 2928,
            "uuid": "51ca868374dd2860a60abe60a44cad42",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NERC Arctic-IPY - Impact of combined iodine and bromine release on the Arctic atmosphere (COBRA)",
            "abstract": "COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere) was a field campaign in Hudson Bay in Canada in 2008 that studied tropospheric ozone depletion, mercury deposition, oxidant and aerosol chemistry. This campaign was part of the international multidisciplinary Ocean - Atmosphere - Sea Ice - Snowpack (OASIS) program, IPY project 38.\r\n\r\nCOBRA is funded by a grant (NE/D005914/1) from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) International Polar Year Programme.\r\n\r\nThe COBRA-IPY consortium consists of 16 investigators from seven UK institutions (six Universities and one NERC laboratory), and 6 project partners from three overseas institutions. It includes many world-leading and internationally recognised researchers and leaders in the field of polar and/or atmospheric chemistry and physics. COBRA forms an integral and explicit part of the International OASIS (Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack) IPY programme.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "COBRA, NERC, Arctic, bromine, polar",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 13421,
                "uuid": "b63d8bf649614122995052535652f5bc",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "NERC Arctic-International Polar Year (IPY 2007-2008)",
                "abstract": "International Polar Year (IPY 2007-2008) was an international effort to research the Polar Regions. This concentrated burst of polar science and exploration helped to shed new light on the impact that the Polar Regions will have on our climate and the consequences for humanity.\r\n\r\nThis was the biggest internationally co-ordinated research effort for 50 years. Around 50,000 scientists, students and support staff from over 60 nations were involved in more than 200 Arctic and Antarctic projects.\r\n\r\nBackground & objectives\r\n\r\nThe International Polar Year themes were:\r\n\r\n    To determine the present environmental status of the polar regions by quantifying their spatial and temporal variability.\r\n    To quantify, and understand, past and present environmental and human change in the Polar Regions in order to improve predictions.\r\n    To advance our understanding of polar - global interactions by studying teleconnections on all scales.\r\n    To investigate the unknowns at the frontiers of science in the Polar Regions.\r\n    To use the unique vantage point of the polar regions to develop and enhance observatories studying the Earth's inner core, the Earth's magnetic field, geospace, the Sun and beyond.\r\n    To investigate the cultural, historical, and social processes that shape the resilience and sustainability of circumpolar human societies, and to identify their unique contributions to global cultural diversity and citizenship.\r\n\r\nNERC's Arctic-IPY funding was focused and directed to IPY programmes in which the UK community could make a significant contribution and which would enhance the delivery of NERC strategic priorities. Consortium proposals which foster the development of strong links between UK Arctic scientists were sought and strong international links were essential."
            },
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                    "ob_id": 2925,
                    "uuid": "a819cc838ad4c4f06a98ac4ce57df309",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere): Air-Surface Interactions Properties measurements from Airborne, Ground-based and Laboratory instrumentation",
                    "abstract": "COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere) is a UK IPY (International Polar Year) consortium that aims to investigate the release mechanisms of iodine in the Arctic and the potential combined effects of iodine and bromine on its atmosphere. The team measured reactive inorganic halogens (BrO, IO, OIO, I2), O3, Hg, HOx, HCHO, NOx, VOCs and reactive halocarbons from temporary laboratories located on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay, north of Kuujjuarapik, during February-March 2008. Met balloons and O3 sondes were launched daily. COBRA set up an ice camp and flux chamber experiments ~500 m into the bay to directly measure halogen emissions and ozone deposition, and measured physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sea-ice (and potentially of frost flowers) at different depths. The project is linked with OOTI, which carried out a simultaneous field experiment at Kuujjuarapik."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2026,
                2027
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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            "ob_id": 2968,
            "uuid": "23acc6defbcdd184f3dbe031c07c5952",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact Experiment (ADRIEX)",
            "abstract": "A joint UK Met Office/NERC/UK Royal Society/University of Oslo project aiming at improving our understanding of the radiative effects of anthropogenic aerosol and gases (ozone and methane) in the troposphere. The project is based on an airborne field campaign (August-September 2004) using the FAAM aircraft.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 2965,
                    "uuid": "93ab4b66ac6f532a7f384f6cfff58bd9",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact Experiment (ADRIEX): In-situ airborne atmospheric measurements and atmospheric model data",
                    "abstract": "The Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact Experiment (ADRIEX) was a joint UK Met Office/Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/UK Royal Society/University of Oslo project aiming at improving our understanding of the radiative effects of anthropogenic aerosol and gases (ozone and methane) in the troposphere.\r\n\r\nThe project is based on an airborne field campaign (August-September 2004) using the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft. The flights were based in Treviso (Italy) and covered areas over Northern Italy, the Adriatic Sea and between Northern Italy and the West coast of the Black Sea. The ADRIEX archive includes forecast trajectories and other products to support ADRIEX flight plans (computed using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) wind fields) and Aerosol Concentrations collected aboard the FAAM Bae-146 aircraft in August and September 2004."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2052,
                2053,
                9031
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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        {
            "ob_id": 3036,
            "uuid": "973af282784dc2abe2aab5d86914436e",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study",
            "abstract": "The Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS) was an international field campaign initiated by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The objective was to identify the physical and chemical processes responsible for the deficiences in quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) over low-mountain regions, with the goal of improving their model representation, and thus improve forecasts. For the field experiment, a region in southwestern Germany/eastern France has been selected, where, on the one hand, severe thunderstorm activity is frequent in summer with significant amounts of precipitation and risk of flash flood events. On the other hand, the skill of numerical weather forecasts in the region is particularly low.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "COPS, Backscatter, Wind",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 3033,
                    "uuid": "6596eeb3f895410caa726150ae8136d0",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS): Airborne and Ground-Based Atmospheric Measurements",
                    "abstract": "The Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS) was an international field campaign initiated by the German Research Foundation (DFG).\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains vertical wind profiler measurements. \r\n\r\nThe UK component of the campaign involved flights by the FAAM aircraft and the deployment of a number of the UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments in summer 2007. These included a Doppler Lidar, a radiometer, a wind profiler, two sodars, an aerosol monitoring suite, a network of automatic weather stations and two radiosonde stations. \r\n\r\nThe objective was to identify the physical and chemical processes responsible for the deficiencies in quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) over low-mountain regions with the goal of improving their model representation, and thus improve forecasts. For the field experiment, a region in southwestern Germany/eastern France was selected where severe thunderstorm activity is frequent in summer with significant amounts of precipitation and risk of flash flood events, while the skill of numerical weather forecasts in the region is particularly low. This dataset includes measurements of wind speeds and wind directions and aerosol concentrations."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2085,
                2084
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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                204131
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            "ob_id": 3280,
            "uuid": "1f75e05d6f35d510314f0bc92949db91",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment (GEDEX)",
            "abstract": "Collection of 60+ global climate change datasets assembled on a NASA CD-ROM. Data include surface, upper air and satellite measurements of temperature, solar irradiance, clouds, greenhouse gases, fluxes, albedos, ozone and water vapour plus Southern Oscillation indices and QBO statistics. Specific datasets include ERBE, AVHRR, SAGE, TOVS, VISSR and ISCCP. Resolution and timespan varies with dataset. This dataset is public.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 3277,
                    "uuid": "171da080a7153683883001c8aad20c02",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment (GEDEX): Global Climate Change Datasets",
                    "abstract": "The objective of the Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment (GEDEX) was to assemble and document existing data for the analysis of global climate change and to distribute these data to promote further research.Data from GEDEX comprises of a collection of 60+ global climate change datasets assembled on a NASA CD-ROM. Data include surface, upper air and satellite measurements of temperature, solar irradiance, clouds, greenhouse gases, fluxes, albedos, ozone and water vapour plus Southern Oscillation indices and QBO statistics. Specific datasets include the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE I and II), the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). Resolution and timespan varies with dataset. This dataset is public."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2221,
                2222
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                14337
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 3459,
            "uuid": "b5e6222479bf4cd02faee54bff4d45b4",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)",
            "abstract": "The European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an intergovernmental organisation supported by 28 European states. ECMWF is based in Reading, west of London, in the United Kingdom.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 3809,
                    "uuid": "15e78c00d093d2260a52867b6ecbdb93",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ECMWF ERA-40 Re-analysis project",
                    "abstract": "The objectives of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-40 project are to produce and promote use of a comprehensive set of global analyses describing the state of the atmosphere, land and ocean-wave conditions from mid-1957 to August 2002. The ERA-40 project applies a modern Variational Data Assimilation technique (used in daily operational numerical forecasting at ECMWF) to the past conventional and satellite observations."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 6305,
                    "uuid": "3ffd77b96c15d3e96db104aa34a5e782",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ECMWF ERA-Interim Re-analysis project",
                    "abstract": "The objectives of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim project are to produce and promote use of a comprehensive set of global analyses describing the state of the atmosphere, land and ocean-wave conditions from 1979 to present. The ERA-Interim project builds on the previous work undertaken by the ERA-15 and ERA-40 projects. ERA-Interim is continuously updated in real time at ECMWF, though products are later processed before delivery to the BADC. The data assimilation system used to produce ERA-Interim is based on a 2006 release of the IFS (Cy31r2). The system includes a 4-dimensional variational analysis (4D-Var) with a 12-hour analysis window. The spatial resolution of the data set is approximately 80 km (T255 spectral) on 60 vertical levels from the surface up to 0.1 hPa. An open-access journal article describing the ERA-Interim reanalysis is available from the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Additional details of the modeling and data assimilation system used to produce ERA-Interim can be found in the IFS Cy31r1 documentation."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5490,
                    "uuid": "36442bfa4d8fe8e35245b825201bc37f",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ECMWF ERA-15 Re-Analysis project",
                    "abstract": "The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has provided global atmospheric analyses from its archive for many years. The ERA-15 Re-analysis project was devised in response to wishes expressed by many users for a data set generated by a modern, consistent, and invariant data assimilation system."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 30234,
                    "uuid": "7b64cf24f47f4b1aa499339c5a576be1",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "ECMWF ERA5 Re-analysis project",
                    "abstract": "The objectives of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA5 project are to produce and promote use of a comprehensive set of global analyses describing the state of the atmosphere, land and ocean-wave conditions from 1979 to present. The ERA5 project builds on the previous work undertaken by the ERA-15, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim projects. ERA5 is continuously updated at ECMWF, with initial products upto 5 days behind the present day issued as ERA5t ahead of review and final release as the ERA5 data, typically 2 months behind the present month."
                }
            ],
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            "observationCollection": [
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                    "ob_id": 3456,
                    "uuid": "308cd069fdb90c9f7ff790fdec5f2523",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Measurements from the Effective Atmospheric Angular Momentum (EAAM) project",
                    "abstract": "The Effective Atmospheric Angular Momentum (EAAM) is a combined project from the Met Office and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). The data is of 3 angular momentum components of the mass and wind terms at 12 or 24 hourly intervals. The ECMWF data is from 1979-93 and the Met Office data is from 1983-1997. This dataset is public.\r\n\r\nThere are four historical AAM datasets: \r\n\r\n* AAM (NMC)   - National Meteorological Center \r\n* AAM (JMA)   - Japanese Meteorological Agency\r\n* AAM (UKMO)  - Met Office \r\n* AAM (ECMWF) - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 3826,
                    "uuid": "c46248046f6ce34fc7660a36d9b10a71",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "ECMWF operational analysis: Assimilated Data",
                    "abstract": "Global analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from 1994 - present. This dataset collection follows on from the ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-15 and ERA-40) datasets with the same parameters at identical resolutions. Data is available in a number of resolutions and vertical level types. Some Monthly means and Seasonal Forecast data (1987-present) are also available."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2333,
                2334,
                10321
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                14796,
                113844,
                113845,
                113846
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        {
            "ob_id": 3464,
            "uuid": "493185a4f967ee2a34516d9c5da9331e",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR)",
            "abstract": "The STFC facility at Chilbolton, Hampshire (51.1445N, 1.4270W) is the site of several observation systems for meteorological studies. The main system is the 3 GHz Doppler radar (CAMRa). A supporting 94 GHz radar (Galileo) has been located close to the main dish to allow dual frequency studies of precipitating particles. The system is complemented by a 905 nm Vaisala CT75K lidar, a 355nm UV Raman Lidar, multiple raingauge and meteorological sensors. This dataset also holds attenuation time-series data from vertically polarised links from South Wonston to Sparsholt. Sparsholt meteorological sensor and raingauge data is also archived. Cloud camera data from the Chilbolton site is available for examining weather patterns.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Meteorology, Atmosphere, Chilbolton",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 876,
                "uuid": "5dec0065e8375e1600ee91f4599f782d",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Observations",
                "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Obervations division is responsible for the provision and support of scientific observational facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK, Chilbolton, Aberystwyth and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and a ground-based instrumentation pool available for use in field campaigns. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation of NCAS. To access the data from NCAS Observations select the appropriate dataset collection."
            },
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 3461,
                    "uuid": "7cbc3fc19bfa037a48ba4cba4b93544d",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR): surface, radar and lidar measurements (1998-present)",
                    "abstract": "Data from observations made using  Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR).The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) facility at Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire (51.1445N, 1.4270W) is the home of many observation systems for meteorological and atmospheric science research. There are 4 radar systems designed to study precipitation, clouds and clear air, of which the largest is the 3 GHz Doppler radar (CAMRa) on the 25 m dish. There are also 4 lidar systems providing data on elastic backscattering, Doppler velocity, water vapour profiles and depolarisation. A wide range of meteorological and multiple raingauge data are available from both Chilbolton and the nearby Sparsholt field site. There is a wide range of radiometers at the site: microwave (for water vapour and liquid water measurements) and downwelling infra-red and visible detectors for radiation budget measurements. This dataset holds attenuation time-series data from vertically polarised 5 km links from South Wonston to Sparsholt. Cloud camera data from the Chilbolton site are available to provide visual information on weather conditions.\r\n\r\nCFARR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is owned and operated by the Space Science and Technology Department of the STFC."
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            "ob_id": 3554,
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "ITALSAT 40GHz Radio Propagation Experiment - UK",
            "abstract": "A propagation experiment perfomed in the south of England to study the radio propagation effects on EArth-space paths at V Band.",
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                    "title": "Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR): surface, radar and lidar measurements (1998-present)",
                    "abstract": "Data from observations made using  Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR).The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) facility at Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire (51.1445N, 1.4270W) is the home of many observation systems for meteorological and atmospheric science research. There are 4 radar systems designed to study precipitation, clouds and clear air, of which the largest is the 3 GHz Doppler radar (CAMRa) on the 25 m dish. There are also 4 lidar systems providing data on elastic backscattering, Doppler velocity, water vapour profiles and depolarisation. A wide range of meteorological and multiple raingauge data are available from both Chilbolton and the nearby Sparsholt field site. There is a wide range of radiometers at the site: microwave (for water vapour and liquid water measurements) and downwelling infra-red and visible detectors for radiation budget measurements. This dataset holds attenuation time-series data from vertically polarised 5 km links from South Wonston to Sparsholt. Cloud camera data from the Chilbolton site are available to provide visual information on weather conditions.\r\n\r\nCFARR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is owned and operated by the Space Science and Technology Department of the STFC."
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            "title": "ITALSAT 50GHz  Radio Propagation Experiment - UK",
            "abstract": "Measurements of atmoshperic attenuation at 49.5 GHz obtained during the ITALSAT propagation campaign in UK",
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                    "title": "Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR): surface, radar and lidar measurements (1998-present)",
                    "abstract": "Data from observations made using  Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR).The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) facility at Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire (51.1445N, 1.4270W) is the home of many observation systems for meteorological and atmospheric science research. There are 4 radar systems designed to study precipitation, clouds and clear air, of which the largest is the 3 GHz Doppler radar (CAMRa) on the 25 m dish. There are also 4 lidar systems providing data on elastic backscattering, Doppler velocity, water vapour profiles and depolarisation. A wide range of meteorological and multiple raingauge data are available from both Chilbolton and the nearby Sparsholt field site. There is a wide range of radiometers at the site: microwave (for water vapour and liquid water measurements) and downwelling infra-red and visible detectors for radiation budget measurements. This dataset holds attenuation time-series data from vertically polarised 5 km links from South Wonston to Sparsholt. Cloud camera data from the Chilbolton site are available to provide visual information on weather conditions.\r\n\r\nCFARR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is owned and operated by the Space Science and Technology Department of the STFC."
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            "title": "ITALSAT 20GHz Radio Propagation Experiment  - UK",
            "abstract": "A propagation experiment perfomed in the south of England to study the radio propagation effects on EArth-space paths at Ka Band.",
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                    "title": "Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR): surface, radar and lidar measurements (1998-present)",
                    "abstract": "Data from observations made using  Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research (CFARR).The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) facility at Chilbolton Observatory, Hampshire (51.1445N, 1.4270W) is the home of many observation systems for meteorological and atmospheric science research. There are 4 radar systems designed to study precipitation, clouds and clear air, of which the largest is the 3 GHz Doppler radar (CAMRa) on the 25 m dish. There are also 4 lidar systems providing data on elastic backscattering, Doppler velocity, water vapour profiles and depolarisation. A wide range of meteorological and multiple raingauge data are available from both Chilbolton and the nearby Sparsholt field site. There is a wide range of radiometers at the site: microwave (for water vapour and liquid water measurements) and downwelling infra-red and visible detectors for radiation budget measurements. This dataset holds attenuation time-series data from vertically polarised 5 km links from South Wonston to Sparsholt. Cloud camera data from the Chilbolton site are available to provide visual information on weather conditions.\r\n\r\nCFARR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is owned and operated by the Space Science and Technology Department of the STFC."
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            "title": "Cirrus and Anvils: European Satellite and Airborne Radiation (CAESAR) project",
            "abstract": "The CAESAR project aimed to investigate the radiative properties of cirrus cloud over a wide range of wavelengths in combination with airborne in situ measurements of cirrus microphysical properties. Flights using the FAAM BAE-146 were used to observe frontal and anvil cirrus co-incident with the CloudSat Aqua-train and AATSR satellites over the Chilbolton cloud radars and lidars as well as ocean/sea surrounding the UK. Aircraft measurements were used to obtain vertical and horizontal distribution of ice crystal size, shape and IWC during summer and winter periods.",
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Cirrus and Anvils: European Satellite and Airborne Radiation measurements (CAESAR) Project Data from FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) and Chilbolton Observatory",
                    "abstract": "The CAESAR project aimed to investigate the radiative properties of cirrus cloud over a wide range of wavelengths in combination with airborne in situ measurements of cirrus microphysical properties. \r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains atmospheric measurements of vertical and horizontal distribution of ice crystal size, shape and ice water content and meteorology during summer and winter periods. \r\n\r\nData were obtained by Flights using the FAAM BAE-146 to observe frontal and anvil cirrus co-incident with the CloudSat Aqua-train and Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) satellites over the Chilbolton cloud radars and lidars as well as ocean/sea surrounding the UK. The winter FAAM campaign ran from 14 November 2005 17 December 2005 and the summer FAAM campaign ran from 3-17 May 2006."
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            "title": "NASA Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)",
            "abstract": "The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment was designed around three Earth-orbiting satellites: the NASA Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), and two NOAA satellites. The data from these satellites were used to study the radiation budget, which represents the balance between incoming energy from the Sun and outgoing thermal (longwave) and reflected (shortwave) energy from the Earth. The Earth's radiation budget is the primary indicator of global climate change. The absorbed shortwave radiation (incident minus reflected) fuels the earth's climate and biosphere systems. The longwave radiation represents the exhaust heat emitted to space. It can be used to estimate the insulating effect of the atmosphere (the greenhouse effect). It was also a useful indicator of cloud amount and activity. Consequently the ERBE has helped scientists worldwide better understand how clouds and aerosols, as well as some chemical compounds in the atmosphere (greenhouse gases), affect the Earth's daily and long-term weather (the Earth's climate). In addition, the ERBE data has helped scientists better understand how the amount of energy emitted by the Earth varies from day to night. These diurnal changes are also very important aspects of our daily weather and climate.\r\n\r\nIn the 1970's, NASA recognised the importance of the radiation budget and its effects on the Earth's climate. Langley Research Centre was charged with developing a new generation of instrumentation to make accurate regional and global measurements of the components of the radiation budget. The Goddard Space Flight Centre built the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) on which the first ERBE instruments were launched by the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984. ERBE instruments were also launched on two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather monitoring satellites; NOAA 9 and NOAA 10, in 1984 and 1986.\r\n\r\nThe ERBE instrument aboard ERBS, launched from the Space Shuttle Challenger in October 1984 (STS-41G), had the main aim of providing accurate measurements of incoming solar energy and shortwave and longwave radiation reflected or emitted from the Earth back into space. The other goals of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are:\r\n\r\n-to understand the radiation balance between the Sun, Earth, atmosphere and space which drives our weather and climate system.\r\n-to establish an accurate, long-term baseline dataset for studying climate system changes.\r\n\r\nAll of the initial goals were meet, and the ERBE instrument continues to provide valuable data. Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data are fundamental to the development of realistic climate models and for studying natural and anthropogenic perturbations of the climate system.\r\n\r\nThis CD-ROM contains data and colour images from scanning radiometers on the three ERBE satellites and for combined satellite cases. The CD-ROM is written using the ISO-9660 standard. Monthly average values are included for the time periods during which the scanners were operational.",
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                "title": "NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
                "abstract": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s mission is to pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Radiation Data and Colour Images",
                    "abstract": "The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) instrument aboard the NASA Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) was launched from the Space Shuttle Challenger in October 1984 (STS-41G). The ERBE instrument's main aim was to provide accurate measurements of incoming solar energy and shortwave and longwave radiation reflected or emitted from the Earth back into space. \r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains colour images (shortwave/longwave/net radiation, albedo, clear-sky albedo, clear-sky shortwave/longwave/net radiation, and shortwave/longwave/net cloud forcing) from scanning radiometers on the three ERBE satellites and for combined satellite cases. Monthly average values are included for the time periods during which the scanners were operational. "
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NERC Arctic-IPY - Arctic Biosphere-Atmosphere Coupling at multiple Scales (ABACUS) project",
            "abstract": "ABACUS (Arctic Biosphere Atmosphere Coupling at Multiple Scales) is funded by a grant (NE/D005795/1) from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) International Polar Year (IPY) Programme. The ABACUS research project is a major, linked programme of plant and soil studies, atmospheric measurements, aircraft and satellite observations, and modelling, to improve our understanding of the response of the arctic terrestrial biosphere to climate change. The data collected includes root measurements and isotope ratios of plants, CH4 emissions of soils, measurements of Carbon and water exchanges between soils/vegetation and the atmosphere at fine scales (resolution of ~1m), and at scales of ~100m, records of snow depth, soil moisture and climate, and aircraft images of the land surface and profiles of CH4.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "status": "completed",
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                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "NERC Arctic-International Polar Year (IPY 2007-2008)",
                "abstract": "International Polar Year (IPY 2007-2008) was an international effort to research the Polar Regions. This concentrated burst of polar science and exploration helped to shed new light on the impact that the Polar Regions will have on our climate and the consequences for humanity.\r\n\r\nThis was the biggest internationally co-ordinated research effort for 50 years. Around 50,000 scientists, students and support staff from over 60 nations were involved in more than 200 Arctic and Antarctic projects.\r\n\r\nBackground & objectives\r\n\r\nThe International Polar Year themes were:\r\n\r\n    To determine the present environmental status of the polar regions by quantifying their spatial and temporal variability.\r\n    To quantify, and understand, past and present environmental and human change in the Polar Regions in order to improve predictions.\r\n    To advance our understanding of polar - global interactions by studying teleconnections on all scales.\r\n    To investigate the unknowns at the frontiers of science in the Polar Regions.\r\n    To use the unique vantage point of the polar regions to develop and enhance observatories studying the Earth's inner core, the Earth's magnetic field, geospace, the Sun and beyond.\r\n    To investigate the cultural, historical, and social processes that shape the resilience and sustainability of circumpolar human societies, and to identify their unique contributions to global cultural diversity and citizenship.\r\n\r\nNERC's Arctic-IPY funding was focused and directed to IPY programmes in which the UK community could make a significant contribution and which would enhance the delivery of NERC strategic priorities. Consortium proposals which foster the development of strong links between UK Arctic scientists were sought and strong international links were essential."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Arctic Biosphere-Atmosphere Coupling at multiple Scales (ABACUS) project: Plant, Soil, Atmospheric and Aircraft Measurements and Modelling data",
                    "abstract": "ABACUS (Arctic Biosphere Atmosphere Coupling at Multiple Scales) is funded by a grant (NE/D005795/1) from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) International Polar Year (IPY) Programme. The ABACUS research project is a major, linked programme of plant and soil studies, atmospheric measurements, aircraft and satellite observations, and modelling, to improve our understanding of the response of the arctic terrestrial biosphere to climate change. The data collected includes root measurements and isotope ratios of plants, CH4 emissions of soils, measurements of Carbon and water exchanges between soils/vegetation and the atmosphere at fine scales (resolution of ~1m), and at scales of ~100m,  records of snow depth, soil moisture and climate, and aircraft images of the land surface and profiles of CH4. Observations and measurements of the carbon budget and the carbon exchange between soil, plants and atmosphere in terrestrial Arctic ecosystems were collected at 4 field sites with different ecosystems near Abisko (Northern Sweden) and Petsikko/Kevo (Northern Finland) between 2007 and 2009. \r\nPlant data has so far been archived at the BADC."
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "ECMWF ERA-40 Re-analysis project",
            "abstract": "The objectives of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-40 project are to produce and promote use of a comprehensive set of global analyses describing the state of the atmosphere, land and ocean-wave conditions from mid-1957 to August 2002. The ERA-40 project applies a modern Variational Data Assimilation technique (used in daily operational numerical forecasting at ECMWF) to the past conventional and satellite observations.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)",
                "abstract": "The European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an intergovernmental organisation supported by 28 European states. ECMWF is based in Reading, west of London, in the United Kingdom."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year Re-Analysis (ERA-40) model data",
                    "abstract": "The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Re-Analysis Project consists of a number of climate datasets spanning the period mid-1957 to August 2002 using a consistent model. The data overlaps with the earlier ECMWF ERA-15 Re-analysis project (1979-1993). \r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains both initialised and uninitialised T106 spectral upper air data (approximately 1 degree resolution) on model levels and standard pressure levels. Corresponding surface parameters are held on a reduced Gaussian N80 grid. Regular 2.5 degree x 2.5 degree gridded data are also stored on standard pressure levels and at the surface."
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Experiment 1 and 2 (GERB-1 and GERB-2) European Consortium",
            "abstract": "The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget 1 & 2 instruments (GERB-1 and GERB-2) make accurate measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget. They are specifically designed to be mounted on a geostationary satellite and are carried onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellites operated by EUMETSAT. they were produced by a European consortium led by the UK  (NERC) together with Belgium, Italy, and EUMETSAT, with funding from national agencies.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB): Solar and thermal radiation Data",
                    "abstract": "The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument makes accurate measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget. It was specifically designed to be mounted on a geostationary satellite and was carried onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite operated by European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The first GERB instrument, GERB-2, was onboard Meteosat Second Generation satellite, MSG-1, and began transmitting data on 12th December 2002. GERB-1 was launched onboard MSG-2 on 21st December 2005. Future GERB sensors units are planned for MSG-3 and MSG-4. \r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains the incident and reflected solar radiation together with thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's atmosphere. The amount of solar radiation absorbed is the difference between the the incoming and reflected solar radiation and is the energy source of the Earth-atmosphere system. The thermal radiation emitted by the atmosphere is the only sink of energy so, therefore, the budget is the difference between the two. Seasonal changes in the ERB are mainly due to changes in incoming solar radiation but there is a large amount of variability on timescales of hours to days, mainly due to clouds. The global coverage and sampling frequency required for accurate climate models requires that ERB measurements are made from satellites."
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)",
            "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) combines a number of climate simulations from the pre-industrial period until the end of the 21st Century, and satellite data, to investigate the evolution and distribution of short-lived, chemically-active climate forcing agents, and ozone changes, for a range of scenarios.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "abstract": "In response to a proposed activity of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), PCMDI volunteered to collect model output contributed by leading modelling centres around the world. Climate model output from simulations of the past, present and future climate was collected by PCMDI mostly during the years 2005 and 2006, and this archived data constitutes phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). In part, the WGCM organized this activity to enable those outside the major modelling centres to perform research of relevance to climate scientists preparing the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC was established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Program to assess scientific information on climate change. The IPCC publishes reports that summarize the state of the science."
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "The model data outputs from the Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)",
                    "abstract": "The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) was organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under International Geosphere Bisosphere Programme (IGBP) and World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACC-MIP) consists of several sets of simulations that have been designed to facilitate useful evaluation and comparison of the AR5 (Intergovernmental Committee on Climate Change Assessment Report 5) transient climate model simulations. The proposed list of experiments and diagnostics was aimed at providing necessary information for scientific studies spanning the AC&C interests.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains chemistry and climate model measurements."
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            "title": "ClearfLo (Clean Air for London) Project",
            "abstract": "The ClearfLo (Clean Air for London) Project is a collaborative scientific project involving several academic institutions in the UK, to set up air pollution monitoring sites alongside meteorological measurements to investigate boundary layer pollution across London.\r\n\r\nThe ambition of ClearfLo is to provide long-term integrated measurements of the meteorology, composition and particulate loading of London’s urban atmosphere, made at street level and at elevated sites, complemented by modelling to improve predictive capability for air quality.\r\n\r\nClearfLo is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for three years from Jan 2010, and is coordinated by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS).",
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                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS)",
                "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) is a world leader in atmospheric science, undertaking research programmes on:\r\n* The science of climate change, including modelling and predictions\r\n* Atmospheric composition, including air quality\r\n* Weather, including hazardous weather\r\n* Technologies for observing and modelling the atmosphere \r\n\r\nAdditionally, NCAS provides scientific facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a ground-based instrumentation pool, access to computer models and facilities for storing and accessing data. In a nutshell, NCAS provides the UK academic community and the Natural Environment Research Council with national capability in atmospheric science.\r\n\r\nThe Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation on NCAS"
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                {
                    "ob_id": 3930,
                    "uuid": "cee49a1f044b79d5413b7a0282467508",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "ClearfLo (Clean Air for London) Project: Meteorology, Composition and Particulate Loading Measurements of London's urban atmosphere",
                    "abstract": "ClearfLo (Clean Air for London) Project was a collaborative scientific project involving several academic institutions in the UK, which aimed to set up air pollution monitoring sites alongside meteorological measurements to investigate boundary layer pollution across London.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains meteorology, composition and particulate loading measurements of London's urban atmosphere.\r\n\r\nThe ambition of ClearfLo was to provide long-term integrated measurements of the meteorology, composition and particulate loading of London’s urban atmosphere, made at street level and at elevated sites, complemented by modelling to improve predictive capability for air quality.\r\n\r\nClearfLo was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for three years from Jan 2010, and was coordinated by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS)."
                }
            ],
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                2685,
                2686,
                9055,
                10292
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                19301,
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            "ob_id": 3959,
            "uuid": "56d44a1a7d94c3cab9f7cd1c3055697e",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Southern Ocean Atmospheric Photochemistry Experiment 2 (SOAPEX-2)",
            "abstract": "SOAPEX-2 is primarily an experiment to study atmospheric cleansing by free radicals in extremely clean and slightly perturbed tropospheric air and focuses on a field campaign carried out at Cape Grim, Tasmania in January-February 1999.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
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                {
                    "ob_id": 3956,
                    "uuid": "a266f328ead407624dde4bb5c9e2e6a2",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Southern Ocean Atmospheric Photochemistry Experiment 2 (SOAPEX-2): Atmospheric Constituents Concentration Measurements from Cape Grim, Tasmania",
                    "abstract": "Southern Ocean Atmospheric Photochemistry Experiment 2 (SOAPEX-2) is primarily an experiment to study atmospheric cleansing by free radicals in extremely clean and slightly perturbed tropospheric air and focuses on a field campaign carried out at Cape Grim, Tasmania in January-February 1999. The dataset contains concentrations of atmospheric constituents such as halocarbons, hydrocarbons, methane, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide. This dataset is public.\r\n\r\nOxidation of almost all trace gases released into the atmosphere is initiated by hydroxyl (OH) radicals, produced mainly from the action of near-UV light on ozone in the presence of water vapour. Increasing evidence suggests that the oxidative capacity of the troposphere has been perturbed in recent years due to the emission of gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from man-made sources. These perturbations may be causing changes in the natural atmospheric composition, for instance increasing tropospheric levels of the greenhouse gas ozone, which has important consequences for climate and human health. It is also possible that the rates of oxidation of gases such as methane, and production of sulphate aerosols from the oxidation of sulphur dioxide, have been modified. Taken together a change in the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere has many consequences for the long-term stability of the Earth's climate.\r\n\r\nSOAPEX-2 builds upon the success of the original SOAPEX-I experiment conducted at Cape Grim in January/February 1995 which resulted in the publication of several papers to the literature on the relationship between concentrations of peroxy radicals and uv light levels in different NOx concentration regimes, and the consequences for ozone production and loss in the marine boundary layer. SOAPEX-2 is a more complete experiment with the addition of atmospheric measurements of key new species including hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, halogen oxide and nitrate radicals, non methane hydrocarbons, speciated aldehydes, PAN and halocarbons.\r\n\r\nSOAPEX-2 involves four groups of tropospheric scientists from the UK and Australia, namely the Universities of East Anglia, Leeds and Leicester along with CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific Research Organisation), Melbourne.\r\n\r\nThe clean air photochemistry experiment is an essential prerequisite for experiments carried out in more polluted atmospheres. The data obtained is allowing rigorous testing of basic mechanisms which describe the behaviour of free radical concentrations at differing light levels, water vapour and nitrogen oxide concentrations, etc. The measurements performed in this project are expected to yield valuable information on chemical changes that are affecting the oxidative capacity of the global troposphere and, therefore, the rate at which the global atmosphere can cleanse itself of pollutants. The measurements are also highly relevant to the situation in more polluted atmospheres, where increased levels of confidence in our understanding of atmospheric chemistry is an essential prerequisite to any legislation designed to reduce regional and global pollution.\r\n\r\nThe specific objectives of SOAPEX-2 are:\r\n* To quantitatively test fast photochemical theory in clean air.\r\n* To examine perturbations from the baseline situation in polluted continental air containing more complex mixtures of free radical sources and sinks\r\n* Investigation of the balance between tropospheric O3 production and destruction in differing NOx regimes\r\n* A test of instrumental performance\r\n* Testing of models used to simulate chemical processes in the lower atmosphere which are deficient in their description of boundary layer processes"
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            ],
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                2721,
                2722
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            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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        {
            "ob_id": 4041,
            "uuid": "556faad7432d9a73a591a02636f7b7b9",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) - Initiative I",
            "abstract": "The International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) was established in 1983 under the United Nation's Environmental Programme to promote the use of satellite data for the global land surface data sets needed for climate studies.\r\n\r\nIn June of 1992, an interdisciplindary Earth Science workshop was convened in Columbia, Maryland, to assess recent progress in land-atmosphere research, specifically in the areas of models, satellite data algorithms, and field experiments. At the workshop, representatives of the land-atmosphere modeling community stated that they had a need for global data sets to prescribe boundary conditions, initialize state variables, and provide near-surface meteorological and radiative forcings for their models. The data sets collated for ISLSCP Initiative I represent a first attempt to meet this need.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "ISLSCP, NASA, hydrology, soil, meteorology, clouds, radiation, snow, ice, oceans, vegetation, precipitation",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
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                {
                    "ob_id": 4038,
                    "uuid": "48c9cd8b8dd43490c8d786a28e9c1a44",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project - Initiative I (ISLSCP I) Dataset",
                    "abstract": "The International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project was established in 1983 under the United Nation's Environmental Programme to promote the use of satellite data for the global land surface data sets needed for climate studies. This CD-ROM set contains the Initiative I data collection. \r\n\r\nThe collection four areas : land cover, hydro-meteorology, radiation, and soils, spanning the 24 month period  1987-1988. All but one are mapped to a common spatial resolution and grid (1 degree x 1 degree). Temporal resolution for most datasets is monthly; however, a few are at a finer resolution (e.g., 6-hourly). The data within the four areas are organized into five groups within this collection: vegetation, Hydrology and Soils, Snow, Ice and Oceans, Radiation and Clouds, and Near-Surface Meteorology. This dataset collection is public.\r\n\r\nWhile ISLSCP Inititative I covers 2 years (1987 and 1988), ISLSCP Inititative II spans a 10-year period for 1986 to 1995."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2773,
                2774
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                50361,
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            "ob_id": 4125,
            "uuid": "94133420921dda3d6e96dc850bfa4546",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Terrain-induced Rotor EXperiment  (T-REX)",
            "abstract": "This joint American/European project used the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft to take measurements of strong gravity wave activity and associated rotor activity beneath the waves in the lee of the Sierra Nevada mountains, California, USA. Motivated by aviation safety issues, the main objectives were to improve the understanding of the atmospheric conditions conducive to strong gravity wave activity, wave induced rotors and gravity wave breaking.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "T-REX, FAAM, Waves",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4122,
                    "uuid": "b81fc7ae7878129af01db6caa38e0523",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the Terrain-induced Rotor EXperiment (T-REX)",
                    "abstract": "T-REX (Formerly SWRP - Sierra Wave Rotor Project) was a joint American/European project that took measurements of strong gravity wave activity and associated rotor activity beneath the waves in the lee of the Sierra Nevada mountains, California, USA.\r\n\r\nMeasurements were made by three aircraft including the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft and many ground based instruments.\r\n\r\nThe UK partners are the Met Office and the University of Leeds.\r\n\r\nMotivated by aviation safety issues, the main scientific objectives are to improve the understanding of the atmospheric conditions conducive to strong gravity wave activity, wave induced rotors and gravity wave breaking."
                }
            ],
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                2823,
                2824,
                9106
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            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                19853
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            "ob_id": 4196,
            "uuid": "7a25198b49a22e81ac48f133d6e51246",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "MICROwave investigation of MIXed phase cloud (MICROMIX)",
            "abstract": "The purpose of MICROMIX was to test and improve the representation of mixed phase clouds in radiative transfer models. The FAAM BAE-146 aircraft was flown in conjunction with the Chilbolton radar facility and AMSU overpasses in order to characterise the in-situ microphysics, spatial variability of the microphysics and the radiative properties respectively. This activity was also a means of validating the microphysics retrievals that have been developed using the suite of remote sensing instrumentation at Chilbolton.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "MICROMIX, FAAM, Cloud, Radar",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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                    "ob_id": 4193,
                    "uuid": "569b689e53e3ccab2ffaa79cb3fd6755",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "The Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the MICROwave investigation of MIXed phase cloud (MICROMIX) project",
                    "abstract": "The MICROwave investigation of MIXed phase cloud (MICROMIX) project was a Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Campaign from late 2005, beginning of 2006, which aimed at testing and improving the representation of mixed phase clouds in radiative transfer models. The intention was to fly the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft in conjunction with the Chilbolton radar facility and ASMU overpasses in order to characterise the in-situ microphysics, spatial variability of the microphysics and the radiative properties respectively."
                }
            ],
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                2851,
                2852,
                9084
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            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                20092
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            "ob_id": 4261,
            "uuid": "bad4fc9979b60a4d308b666267b1a30a",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Autumn and Winter Experiments (AUTEX / WINTEX)",
            "abstract": "The AUTEX / WINTEX (Autumn and Winter Experiments) project was a Met Office campaign on board the FAAM aircraft, that collected cloud physics and radiation data over the UK, from October 2004 to December 2006.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4258,
                    "uuid": "4e059bb552c99e9f62b03a0976b0482b",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Cloud and radiation data collected by the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft deployed as part of the Autumn and Winter Experiments (AUTEX / WINTEX) Project",
                    "abstract": "The AUTEX / WINTEX (Autumn and Winter Experiments) project was a Met Office campaign on board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft, that collected cloud physics and radiation data over the UK, from October 2004 to February 2007. \r\n\r\nThe dataset collection contains measurements of water vapour distribution in both the horizontal and the vertical, mixed phase cloud structure and ice initiation in cumulus clouds.\r\n\r\nThey also included studies into sea surface reflectance at low solar zenith angles, cirrus cloud radiative properties, microwave signature of 'bright band', clear air spectroscopy at night, clear air spectroscopy in the infrared and far infrared, land surface emissivity studies and the effect of inhomogeneity in clouds at low solar zenith angles. FAAM Bae-146 non-core data is now public, but raw Bae-146 core data is restricted to the FAAM staff."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2877,
                2878,
                9037,
                9113
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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            "uuid": "3a3581ea8e34ec5843868c49a51cf8d5",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "RAPID-WATCH - Risk Assessment, Probability and Impacts Team (RAPID-RAPIT)",
            "abstract": "RAPIT was looking at the problem of estimating the risk of the collapse of the overturning circulation. Using modern statistical methods for the analysis of complex numerical models, large ensembles of two Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models (HADCM3 and CHIME) will be analysed.\r\n\r\nStudies of large excursions of the strength of the overturning in existing control runs will be used to guide our choice of metrics and diagnostics.\r\n\r\nTo produce the large number of model runs that are required for the statistical analysis, the climateprediction.net system was used.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "RAPID, Climate change, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) ",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 1292,
                "uuid": "831435ae52c634f3e85f84d18024d00b",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "RAPID-WATCH",
                "abstract": "RAPID-WATCH builds on RAPID to deliver a decade-long (2004-2014) time series of observations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). RAPID-WATCH aims to deliver a robust and scientifically credible assessment of the risk to the climate of UK and Europe arising from a rapid change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The programme also assessed the need for a long-term observing system that could detect major MOC changes, narrow uncertainty in projections of future change, and possibly be the start of an 'early warning' prediction system.\r\n\r\nThe observations were used with data from other sources to:\r\n\r\n    * determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC,\r\n    * assess the risk of rapid climate change due to changes in the MOC, and\r\n    * investigate the potential for predicting the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe objectives were:\r\n\r\n   1.To deliver a decade-long time series of calibrated and quality-controlled measurements of the Atlantic MOC from the RAPID-WATCH arrays.\r\n   2.To exploit the data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and elsewhere to determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC, assess the risk of rapid climate change, and investigate the potential for predictions of the MOC and its impacts on climate.\r\n\r\nThe RAPID-WATCH arrays are the existing 26 deg N MOC observing system array and the WAVE array that monitors the Deep Western Boundary Current. These measurements will continue to span the period 2004-2014. \r\nThe second objective was addressed through studies designed to answer four questions:\r\n\r\n   1.How can we exploit data from the RAPID-WATCH arrays to obtain estimates of the MOC and related variables?\r\n   2.What do the observations from the RAPID-WATCH arrays and other sources tell us about the nature and causes of recent changes in the Atlantic Ocean?\r\n   3.What are the implications of RAPID-WATCH array data and other recent observations for estimates of the risk due to rapid change in the MOC?\r\n   4.Could we use RAPID-WATCH and other observations to help predict future changes in the MOC and climate?\r\n\r\n5 modelling projects have been funded under RAPID_WATCH.\r\n\r\nThis work will be carried out in collaboration with the Hadley Centre in the UK, and through international partnerships.\r\n\r\nDr Meric Srokosz is the Science Co-ordinator for the programme and Dr Val Byfield is the Deputy Science Co-ordinator. Dr. Craig Wallace is the Knowledge Transfer co-ordinator. They have established a Rapid Climate Change project office at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton."
            },
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4336,
                    "uuid": "15f063840e74bb8c3bb60be7db1c44fd",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "RAPID-RAPIT: Meteorology, Climatology and Ocean model outputs",
                    "abstract": "RAPIT was looking at the problem of estimating the risk of the collapse of the overturning circulation. Using modern statistical methods for the analysis of complex numerical models, large ensembles of two Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models (HADCM3 and CHIME) were analysed.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains meteorology, climatology and ocean outputs from ensemble runs xfel, xfgb, xfha and xgym.\r\n\r\nStudies of large excursions of the strength of the overturning in existing control runs were used to guide the choice of metrics and diagnostics.\r\n\r\n"
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2910,
                2911
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                20609,
                72299,
                72301,
                72303,
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            "onlineresource_set": [
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        {
            "ob_id": 4405,
            "uuid": "818e96fb071e65f0be661f45f0cf9a7a",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Met Office's MetDB system",
            "abstract": "Since the early days of this century the Met Office has been responsible for maintaining the public memory of the weather. All meteorological observations made in the UK and over neighbouring sea areas have been carefully recorded and placed in an archive where they may be accessed today by those with an interest in the weather and where they will also be available to those in future generations. The MetDB database holds data including surface and upper air observations and some satellite data. These data are from a number of different message types covering data from land and ship surface data measurements through to upper air observations from wind profilers, radiosonde ascents and aircraft measurements and also satellite measurements. Data stored by the BADC in the MetDB database extends back to 2009.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Met Office, MetDB, meteorology",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 4,
                "uuid": "fab53ee460e05f1b68e23657f4b6c5f4",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Met Office",
                "abstract": "The Met Office is the UK national meteorological service and one of the world's leading providers of environmental and weather-related services. Their solutions and services meet the needs of many communities of interest, from the general public, government and schools, through broadcasters and online media, to civil aviation and almost every other industry sector - in the UK and around the world. The Met Office headquarters are located in Exeter, UK. The Met Office makes a number of datasets available to the academic research community under the NERC - Met Office agreement. For further details of these datasets see the links to this record."
            },
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4355,
                    "uuid": "8ee156b6ed41b153e85dbf02a4134513",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office MetDB system: Surface, upper air and satellite data",
                    "abstract": "Observational data extracted from the Met Office's MetDB system. Data include surface and upper air observations and some satellite data. These data are from a number of different message types covering data from land and ship surface data measurements through to upper air observations from wind profilers, radiosonde ascents and aircraft measurements and also satellite measurements.\r\n\r\nData arrive at the Met Office as per standard messages transmitted from source (e.g. SYNOP, METARS, TEMP message types) and are then decoded within the MetDB system. CEDA receives a text output from the MetDB system of these deciphered messages which are then processed into the BADC-CSV format where possible. Messages are split up by observation date at this stage. METARS and CLIMAT data are not decoded by the Met Office and are stored as per the original message. Details about the contents of each message type are given in the links in the 'online resources' section of this record. \"Raw\" data for all message types are available through the /raw folder within the archive. Each raw file contains messages received within a given period of time at the Met Office and are not sorted by observation date."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 4854,
                    "uuid": "f2afaf808b61394b78bd342ff068c8cd",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Met Office Global Radiosonde Data",
                    "abstract": "Standard resolution radiosonde data from worldwide upper air stations over the period 1997 - present (Some European stations are available from 1990). The dataset consists of vertical profiles of temperature, dew-point temperature, wind speed and wind direction from the surface to approximately 20-30 km. Data are reported up to four times daily. The data are provided by the Met Office."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                2964,
                2965
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                20793
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        },
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            "ob_id": 4493,
            "uuid": "981cc26ce15811dc365158d480c21a0a",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Hydrological Radar Experiment (HYREX)",
            "abstract": "The Hydrological Radar Experiment (HYREX) was a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Special Topic which ran from May 1993 to April 1997. The broad aim of HYREX was to gain a better understanding of rainfall variability, as sensed by weather radar, and how this variability impacts on river flow at the catchment scale.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4490,
                    "uuid": "0e84c6fd72c9a3ea3e772e12e5699307",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Hydrological Radar Experiment (HYREX): Radar, Raingauge and Model Forecast data on the Brue catchment in Southwest England",
                    "abstract": "The Hydrological Radar Experiment (HYREX) was a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Special Topic which ran from May 1993 to April 1997. The broad aim of HYREX was to gain a better understanding of rainfall variability, as sensed by weather radar, and how this variability impacts on river flow at the catchment scale.\r\n\r\nSix projects were funded involving groups from CEH Wallingford (formerly the Institute of Hydrology), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the universities of London (Imperial College and University College), Newcastle, Reading (including the Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology or JCMM) and Salford. The projects ranged from research on improved precipitation measurement using polarisation and vertical pointing radars, through network design of radar/raingauge networks and spatial-temporal modelling of rainfall fields, to rainfall forecasting based on stochastic and meteorological concepts. An overview of the six HYREX projects and a list of the members of the HYREX Steering Committee are available as separate documents.\r\n\r\nThe experiment was centred on the Brue catchment in Southwest England. The common experimental infrastructure comprised two national network C-band radars at Wardon Hill (Doppler) and Cobbacombe Cross, a purpose-built dense raingauge network, an automatic weather station (AWS), an automatic soil water station (ASWS), and a river gauging station. These instruments have provided a continuous record throughout HYREX. Further instrumentation, deployed on an occasional basis, included an experimental S-band Doppler dual polarisation radar at Chilbolton and an associated line network of rapid-response raingauges (operated by Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), a transportable vertically pointing X- band radar (operated by the University of Salford), the UK Meteorological Office (UKMO) Research Flight and radiosonde network, and a disdrometer (operated by CEH Wallingford). The JCMM provided output from special runs of the UKMO Unified Model (UM). Infrastructure support was provided by the UKMO, the Environment Agency (EA), NERC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and the water utilities.\r\n\r\nThe occasional deployment of some instruments was scheduled to coincide with a number of one or two day Intense Observing Periods (IOPs), triggered by meteorologically interesting conditions, during which radiosonde ascents and aircraft overflights were made, and for which special runs of the Unified Model were made."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                3020,
                3021
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                21032
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 4559,
            "uuid": "b6689b15a9d2b4c205fc803ed4d63e09",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "JET2000",
            "abstract": "The African Easterly Jet (AEJ) is part of a climatic system which is of critical importance to African and global weather and climate, but is poorly observed and not well represented in model analyses. For the JET2000 project the Met Office Met Research flight (MRF) aircraft performed four flights, involving transects along and across the jet and the baroclinic zone, to make observations of unprecedented resolution for this part of the world. 110 dropsondes were dropped along the fight path.\r\n\r\nThe Objectives were:\r\n\r\n1. African Easterly Jet: To provide detailed synoptic observations of the basic state over mainland West Africa. This will focus on the AEJ and its associated temperature, humidity and PV contrasts.\r\n2. African Easterly Waves: To provide detailed synoptic observations of the AEWs over mainland tropical West Africa.\r\n3. Operational analyses and Forecasts: To assess the impact on operational analyses and forecasts of having extra observations over mainland West Africa for the period of the experiment.\r\n\r\nThe data includes detailed synoptic observations of the basic state over mainland West Africa, and detailed synoptic observations of the African Easterly Waves (AEW) over mainland tropical West Africa.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "JET2000, AVHRR, AWS, MVIRI, Aircraft, Radiosonde",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
                68
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4556,
                    "uuid": "2ded5eab02a6df5fd400e33899a4fd73",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "JET2000 Project: Airborne Measurements and Synoptic Observations of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ)",
                    "abstract": "The African Easterly Jet (AEJ) is part of a climatic system which is of critical importance to African and global weather and climate, but is poorly observed and not well represented in model analyses. For the JET2000 project the Met Office Met Research flight (MRF) aircraft performed four flights, involving transects along and across the jet and the baroclinic zone, to make observations of unprecedented resolution for this part of the world. 110 dropsondes were dropped along the fight path. \r\n\r\nThe Objectives were:\r\n\r\n1. African Easterly Jet: To provide detailed synoptic observations of the basic state over mainland West Africa. This will focus on the AEJ and its associated temperature, humidity and PV contrasts.\r\n2. African Easterly Waves: To provide detailed synoptic observations of the AEWs over mainland tropical West Africa.\r\n3. Operational analyses and Forecasts: To assess the impact on operational analyses and forecasts of having extra observations over mainland West Africa for the period of the experiment.\r\n\r\nThe data includes detailed synoptic observations of the basic state over mainland West Africa, and detailed synoptic observations of the African Easterly Waves (AEW) over mainland tropical West Africa."
                }
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                3068,
                3069
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                52211,
                129721,
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                129723
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        {
            "ob_id": 4614,
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP)",
            "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. The project consisted of a pilot field campaign in July 2004 and the main field campaign in June, July and August 2005.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
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                {
                    "ob_id": 11972,
                    "uuid": "81ea58f6728e8240f228e04f20034299",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) Field Campaign",
                    "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) ran a 3 month long field campaign during June, July and August 2005 in southern England during which period a dense network of instruments were deployed over a large area centred on the Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radar Research (CFARR) in Hampshire, England. During this field campaign a number of \"Intense Observational Periods\" were undertaken on days of notable convective activity in order to utilise the available suite of deployed ground and airborne atmospheric instrumentation to study the meteorogical conditions during the development and subsequent life of active convective cells. This field campaign followed on from an earlier pilot field campaign in June 2004."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 4705,
                    "uuid": "628a4c4fcf6ea2ac33b82b28c5477273",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) Pilot Field Campaign",
                    "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. A pilot field campaign in July 2004 in preparation for the main field campaign which took place in June-August 2005."
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                {
                    "ob_id": 4611,
                    "uuid": "44dfa95b7a2768c006b12fbb2f28799c",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP): surface, remotely sensed and airborne atmospheric measurements collection",
                    "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. These include three sodars, a Doppler Lidar, a wind profiler, an aerosol and ozone lidar, a network of automatic weather stations, mobile radiosonde stations and a Cessna aircraft. This dataset includes measurements of wind speeds and wind directions and aerosol concentrations."
                }
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            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) Pilot Field Campaign",
            "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. A pilot field campaign in July 2004 in preparation for the main field campaign which took place in June-August 2005.",
            "publicationState": "published",
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                "ob_id": 4614,
                "uuid": "e96bd9adc2b672b4232b3478c184f18d",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP)",
                "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. The project consisted of a pilot field campaign in July 2004 and the main field campaign in June, July and August 2005."
            },
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                    "ob_id": 4611,
                    "uuid": "44dfa95b7a2768c006b12fbb2f28799c",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP): surface, remotely sensed and airborne atmospheric measurements collection",
                    "abstract": "The Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP) aimed to further the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of precipitating convection in the maritime environment of southern England; i.e. to understand why convective clouds form and develop into precipitating clouds in a particular location. The project was centred on the 3 GHz (CAMRa) and 1275 clear-air (ACROBAT) radars at Chilbolton and used a number of the new UK Universities' Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) mobile instruments. These include three sodars, a Doppler Lidar, a wind profiler, an aerosol and ozone lidar, a network of automatic weather stations, mobile radiosonde stations and a Cessna aircraft. This dataset includes measurements of wind speeds and wind directions and aerosol concentrations."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                3161,
                3162
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                21612
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 4875,
            "uuid": "d829075f22418714e58ad02953b8da34",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Flux Experiment (FLUXEX)",
            "abstract": "An experiment to establish the fluxes of many ozone depleting gases (CFCs, HCFCs, halons) and greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6) from the UK. Its aim was to assess regional emission inventories of these gases. Attempts will also be made to measure for the first time \"new\" ozone depleting gases, such as n-propyl bromide and hexachlorobutadiene, and to estimate UK emissions. The FAAM aircraft, fitted with air sampling bottles, is flown in the boundary layer upwind and downwind of the UK. The airborne campaign is taking place in the Summer of 2005.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "FLUXEX, FAAM, Chemistry, Greenhouse gases",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4872,
                    "uuid": "7529868ca3b28c5bcb8591607a47148e",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the Flux Experiment (FLUXEX)",
                    "abstract": "The FLUXEX (Flux Experiment) project was an experiment to establish the fluxes of many ozone depleting gases (CFCs, HCFCs, halons) and greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6) from the UK. Its aim was to assess regional emission inventories of these gases to feed the UNEP/WMO Ozone Assessment and the UNFCCC. Attempts were also made to measure for the first time \"new\" ozone depleting gases, such as n-propyl bromide and hexachlorobutadiene, and to estimate UK emissions. To achieve this purpose, the FAAM aircraft, fitted with air sampling bottles, was flown in the boundary layer upwind and downwind of the UK. A total of 9 flights took place between 30. March and 29. September 2005."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                9066,
                3257,
                3258
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                22096
            ],
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 4956,
            "uuid": "9efcf9f80966377658de2b8e584760b3",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Production of Ozone of South-east England (POSE)",
            "abstract": "This project investigated the factors governing ozone chemistry during summer periods in the UK. In particular, the relative sources of ozone i.e general background, regionally produced products and local/in situ generation. Measurements were made using the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft throughout the troposphere in the locality of the TORCH field campaign in Writtle, Essex to determine the influence of regional transport and local chemistry on ozone concentrations.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "POSE, FAAM, Ozone",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 4953,
                    "uuid": "63b00e4ae81528bd680ae45a7184897e",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the Production of Ozone of South-east England (POSE) Project",
                    "abstract": "Measurements were made using the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft throughout the troposphere in the locality of the Tropospheric Organic Chemistry (TORCH) field campaign in Writtle, Essex to determine the influence of regional transport and local chemistry on ozone concentrations.\r\n\r\nThe Production of Ozone of South-east England (POSE) project aimed to further the understanding of the factors governing ozone chemistry during summer periods in the UK. In particular, the relative sources of ozone: general Northern Hemisphere background, regionally produced products and local/in situ generation. The transport of pollutants from Europe within the boundary layer has been implicated in the very high levels of ozone seen in the UK during summer 2003. During the TORCH field campaign in Writtle, Essex, high levels of ozone and other reactive species were seen during the 2003 heatwave, and results suggest that this may be a result of mixing down of polluted air from aloft during the collapse of the night-time shallow inversion layer to form the day time boundary layer. In order to better understand this behaviour, the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft perfomed a series of profiles close to the Writtle site, to determine the influence of regional transport and local chemistry on ozone concentrations. Measurements included CO, ozone, hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs, throughout the troposphere.\r\n"
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                3292,
                3293,
                9095
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                22348
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        {
            "ob_id": 5000,
            "uuid": "ed2497aaa1a5980657a706d0512604ed",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and fluXes (CASIX)",
            "abstract": "CASIX, the Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and fluXes, was a NERC Centre of Excellence in Earth Observation. CASIX scientific focus was on advancing the science of air-sea interactions and reducing the errors in the prediction of climate change. The primary goal was to quantify accurately the global air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2). CASIX accelerated the exploitation of new Earth Observation satellite data to further the understanding of marine biogeochemistry in the Earth System. CASIX links NERC Centres, university groups and the Met Office to model ocean circulation and the ocean carbon cycle.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "CASIX, QUEST, SeaWIFS",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 5001,
                "uuid": "faebf6fc6c9d654321ce2f4110f8bd8d",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "NCEO Theme 2: Carbon Cycle",
                "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to understand the feedbacks between physical and biological processes involving the carbon cycle, in order to predict changes in carbon fluxes at the Earth's surface.\r\n\r\nIt's priorities are to:\r\n- Combine satellite measurements of the Earth's surface and atmosphere with sophisticated models of the land and ocean that mimic life in these ecosystems\r\n- Vastly increase knowledge of the role of fire in the carbon cycle\r\n- Accurately account for the carbon balance in the tropics to provide strong support for the negotiations on the post-Kyoto Protocol, particularly regarding deforestation\r\n- Provide complete tracking of carbon and water through land ecosystems into the atmosphere\r\n- Deliver a better quantification of carbon sources and sinks in the oceans\r\n- Understand shelf seas (the shallow seas surrounding the continents) which are rich in life and so draw down much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Other CO2 'hot spots' include the high latitudes: the Arctic and the Antarctic. Earth observation satellites can help establish the importance of these areas.\r\n- Help build a high-resolution global, regional and UK carbon-monitoring system."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 19610,
                    "uuid": "6de4edfd146446618c81aa656111b17d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "CASIX TOPography EXperiment (TOPEX)",
                    "abstract": "TOPography EXperiment (TOPEX) for ocean circulation (otherwise known as Poseidon) was launched on August 10, 1992 and was a joint satellite mission between NASA, the U.S. space agency, and CNES, the French space agency, to map ocean surface topography. The first major oceanographic research vessel to sail into space, TOPEX/Poseidon helped revolutionise oceanography by proving the value of satellite ocean observations.\r\n\r\nCentre for the observation of Air-Sea Interaction and fluXes (CASIX) was responsible for the UK contribution to international TOPEX programme, undertaken as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)."
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 8436,
                    "uuid": "378c3e773d87e42b30ff10379143eb4c",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "CASIX TOPEX: high-resolution gridded monthly means of surface marine data",
                    "abstract": "TOPography EXperiment (TOPEX) for ocean circulation (otherwise known as Poseidon) was launched on August 10, 1992 and was a joint satellite mission between NASA, the U.S. space agency, and CNES, the French space agency, to map ocean surface topography. The first major oceanographic research vessel to sail into space, TOPEX/Poseidon helped revolutionise oceanography by proving the value of satellite ocean observations.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains monthly means on a 1x1 latitude/longitude grid for 12 years (1993-2004). The data contains the following parameters: wind speed, squared wind speed, cubed wind speed, wind speed * significant wave height, significant wave height, 1/sigma0(Ku) and gas transfer velocity.  \r\n\r\nThe dataset was produced by Fangohr, S. and D.K. Woolf of SOCS, as part of the NERC programme's Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and FluXes (CASIX) and National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5358,
                    "uuid": "2406ec006d9a38b9da6d381fd7c41a15",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "MarQUEST (Marine Biogeochemistry and Initiative in QUEST): Ocean optical and plankton model measurements",
                    "abstract": "MarQUEST was led by Prof Andrew Watson (UEA), with 15 co-investigators at UEA/BAS, the Universities of Southampton, Essex, and Reading, and from the Plymouth Marine Laboratory and Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains ocean optical, chemical and plankton model measurements from SeaWiFS/SeaStar Level 3 products.\r\n\r\nMarQUEST developed new methods of validating ocean biogeochemistry models, making use of remote sensing ocean colour data, in situ data sets and ongoing observations from the major European programmes CarboOcean and EUR-OCEANS. In the past, ocean biogeochemical models represented biological processes in very simple or rigid ways (e.g., single nutrient limitation, a single generic primary producer), limiting understanding of the role of ecosystems in the climate system. Increasing the complexity of models has presented new challenges for their validation; it is also not clear what the ‘optimal’ complexity of a model should be for any given real-world problem.\r\n\r\nQUEST scientists cooperated in comparing various models, and examining more fundamental (physiological) approaches to understanding the planktonic ecoystem. MarQUEST also developed a module to simulate coastal ecosystems usable in global ocean biogeochemical simulations. Finally, the project team generated an accurate physical simulation of the North Atlantic guided by data assimilation, into which ecosystem simulations can be embedded. This allows the variation in air-sea fluxes of gases (CO2, oxygen and dimethyl sulphide) from ocean to atmosphere to be quantified for the contemporary period."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 8327,
                    "uuid": "f0a76b5b2c3d7b82299c51ceb849755e",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "CASIX: Global monthly Carbon Primary Production Estimates using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) primary data",
                    "abstract": "CASIX, the Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions & fluXes, is a NERC Centre of Excellence in Earth Observation. The scientific focus was on advancing the science of air-sea interactions and reducing the errors in the prediction of climate change. The primary goal was to quantify accurately the global air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2). CASIX accelerated the exploitation of new Earth Observation satellite data to further the understanding of marine biogeochemistry in the Earth System. CASIX links NERC Centres, university groups and the Met Office to model ocean circulation and the ocean carbon cycle.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains global monthly primary production estimates derived using the Smyth et al 2005 model from SeaWiFS data."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                3310
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                22485,
                74385,
                74386,
                74387
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        {
            "ob_id": 5001,
            "uuid": "faebf6fc6c9d654321ce2f4110f8bd8d",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NCEO Theme 2: Carbon Cycle",
            "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to understand the feedbacks between physical and biological processes involving the carbon cycle, in order to predict changes in carbon fluxes at the Earth's surface.\r\n\r\nIt's priorities are to:\r\n- Combine satellite measurements of the Earth's surface and atmosphere with sophisticated models of the land and ocean that mimic life in these ecosystems\r\n- Vastly increase knowledge of the role of fire in the carbon cycle\r\n- Accurately account for the carbon balance in the tropics to provide strong support for the negotiations on the post-Kyoto Protocol, particularly regarding deforestation\r\n- Provide complete tracking of carbon and water through land ecosystems into the atmosphere\r\n- Deliver a better quantification of carbon sources and sinks in the oceans\r\n- Understand shelf seas (the shallow seas surrounding the continents) which are rich in life and so draw down much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Other CO2 'hot spots' include the high latitudes: the Arctic and the Antarctic. Earth observation satellites can help establish the importance of these areas.\r\n- Help build a high-resolution global, regional and UK carbon-monitoring system.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NCEO",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 5002,
                "uuid": "60e718d3f2957f742c89b2b4fc159718",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)",
                "abstract": "The National Centre for Earth Observation is a partnership of scientists and institutions, from a range of disciplines, who are using data from Earth observation satellites to monitor global and regional changes in the environment and to improve understanding of the Earth system so that we can predict future environmental conditions.\r\n\r\nNCEO's Vision is to unlock the full potential of Earth observation to monitor, diagnose and predict climate and environmental changes, ensuring that these scientific advances are delivered to the wider community embedded in world class science."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5000,
                    "uuid": "ed2497aaa1a5980657a706d0512604ed",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and fluXes (CASIX)",
                    "abstract": "CASIX, the Centre for observation of Air-Sea Interactions and fluXes, was a NERC Centre of Excellence in Earth Observation. CASIX scientific focus was on advancing the science of air-sea interactions and reducing the errors in the prediction of climate change. The primary goal was to quantify accurately the global air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2). CASIX accelerated the exploitation of new Earth Observation satellite data to further the understanding of marine biogeochemistry in the Earth System. CASIX links NERC Centres, university groups and the Met Office to model ocean circulation and the ocean carbon cycle."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 8587,
                    "uuid": "fa51a7a873b090562122b405e9742a3d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 2 Sub theme 6: Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes",
                    "abstract": "Ocean colour (OC) or visible spectral radiometry deals with light re-emerging from the ocean after scattering and absorption of incident sunlight by particles, phytoplankton (energising photosynthesis), dissolved and detrital organic C compounds (from lysis, respiration and photo-chemical breakdown) and water.  Remotelysensed OC data provides an integrated quasi-steady state observation of the whole of the global ocean and all \r\ntypes of ocean environments (seasonally-variable nutrient & light climates): oligotrophic gyres; equatorial ecosystems; mid and high-latitude, seasonally-productive systems; highly-productive upwelling and convergent zones. Primary production (PP) derived from OC data gives an estimate of the total C sequestered by phytoplankton (~35-70 Gt C yr-1\r\n).  Hitherto EO-based PP models have used chlorophyll (Chla) as the state variable. New methods invoke Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs; the spectral absorption & \r\nbackscattering of the ocean).  Using IOP models and IOP-OC data, we will describe the pelagic ocean C-cycle, with improved PP models, re-cycling rates and respiration, to: \r\n(i) determine phytoplankton function types (PFTs) used in ecosystem models; (ii) provide parameter data for ecosystem models; (iii) partition the pelagic C-pool into particulate, dissolved, organic and inorganic components."
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "ob_id": 8584,
                    "uuid": "049ff74d15b0ef759e966b275b8d39bb",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Global 10 Year Monthly Climatology and Monthly Composites of Phytoplankton Size Class from SeaWiFS Analyses as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 Sub-theme 6",
                    "abstract": "This dataset collection contains a 10 year monthly climatology and monthly composites of the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) over the globe for the period Sep 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data. Accompanying maps are also available. \r\n\r\nThis dataset contributes to fulfilling the first objective of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6): Quantify the global oceanic organic C cycle using OC data, partitioned into phytoplankton (pigments, biomass, size structure & PFTs), particulate organic C, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), dissolved and particulate inorganic components.\r\n\r\nUnderstanding the interaction between phytoplankton and the in-water light field is crucial to model ocean primary production and to improve our comprehension of the role of biological processes in the ocean–carbon cycle. The absorption coefficient of phytoplankton is a fundamental quantity in marine primary production models because:\r\n - it alters the transmission of light underwater; \r\n - it modifies the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to available light; \r\n - it can be used as a direct indicator of phytoplankton abundance and phytoplankton size;\r\n - it can be used as an indicator of environmental variability\r\n\r\nIt is well known that the phytoplankton absorption coefficient is a function of the dominant phytoplankton pigment, chlorophyll-a, and that this relationship is directly linked to changes in both pigment composition and size structure.\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 10846,
                    "uuid": "9192420b6b74965d76cd69ce9222046d",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) Fire Radiative Power (FRP) data from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Satellite",
                    "abstract": "The Fire Radiative Power (FRP) is a measure of the rate of radiant heat output from a fire. It has been demonstrated in small-scale experimental fires that the FRP of a fire is related to the rate at which fuel is being consumed (Wooster et al., 2005) and smoke emissions released (Freeborn et al., 2008). This is a direct result of the combustion process, whereby carbon-based fuel is oxidised to CO2 (and other compounds) with the release of a certain \"heat yield\". Therefore, measuring this FRP and integrating it over the lifetime of the fire provides an estimate of the total Fire Radiative Energy (FRE), which for wildfires should be approximately proportional to the total mass of fuel biomass consumed.\r\n\r\nThis dataset contains Fire Radiative Power (FRP) data over Africa from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) data.  Fires are detected by applying Roberts and Wooster's (2008) detection algorithm to SEVIRI data. FRP is estimated using the Middle InfraRed (MIR) radiance method (Wooster et al., 2003). The dataset was produced by Gareth Roberts and Martin Wooster (National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Kings College London).\r\n\r\nThe original SEVIRI FRP (in units of MegaWatts; MW) data are produced at the native spatial resolution of 3 km (at the Meteosat sub-satellite point, decreasing away from this) and a temporal resolution of 15 minutes. See the Section on SEVIRI LSA SAF FRP Product in the SEVIRI FRP data description document for details of how to access these data.\r\n\r\nThe gridded product provided here are spatially degraded to a 1deg x 1deg grid-cell resolution, but keep the 15 minute temporal resolution. The gridded data are netCDF format files, each file containing 4 parameters. Each of the parameters comprise of an FRP dataset consisting of 71 columns, 73 rows and 96 frames, covering the African continent only (not Europe or South America) on a daily basis. The data cover a 12 month time period between February (2004) and January (2005)…which is the first full year of SEVIRI post-commissioning phase data.\r\n\r\nThe spatial coverage of these gridded data are: \r\nUpper left Lat = +36.5° \r\nUpper Left Lon = -19.5°\r\nBottom Right Lat = -35.5°\r\nBottom Right Lon = +50.5°\r\nParameters:\r\n\r\nTotal_fire_radiative_power\r\nTotal Fire Radiative Power (FRP) in grid cell\r\nNumber_of_fire_pixels\r\nAdjusted_total_fire_radiative_power\r\nMean_fire_radiative_power\r\n\r\nThe naming convention for the gridded files is: SEVIRI_FRP_[year]-[month]-[day].nc for example SEVIRI_FRP_2004-02-16.nc corresponds to data from 16th February 2004. Each netCDF file contains 96 frames (15 minute frequency) between 00:12 – 23:57. These acquisition times correspond to the end of the SEVIRI image scan where each scan takes ~12minutes to complete. The times are in UTC."
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        {
            "ob_id": 5002,
            "uuid": "60e718d3f2957f742c89b2b4fc159718",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)",
            "abstract": "The National Centre for Earth Observation is a partnership of scientists and institutions, from a range of disciplines, who are using data from Earth observation satellites to monitor global and regional changes in the environment and to improve understanding of the Earth system so that we can predict future environmental conditions.\r\n\r\nNCEO's Vision is to unlock the full potential of Earth observation to monitor, diagnose and predict climate and environmental changes, ensuring that these scientific advances are delivered to the wider community embedded in world class science.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5001,
                    "uuid": "faebf6fc6c9d654321ce2f4110f8bd8d",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 2: Carbon Cycle",
                    "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to understand the feedbacks between physical and biological processes involving the carbon cycle, in order to predict changes in carbon fluxes at the Earth's surface.\r\n\r\nIt's priorities are to:\r\n- Combine satellite measurements of the Earth's surface and atmosphere with sophisticated models of the land and ocean that mimic life in these ecosystems\r\n- Vastly increase knowledge of the role of fire in the carbon cycle\r\n- Accurately account for the carbon balance in the tropics to provide strong support for the negotiations on the post-Kyoto Protocol, particularly regarding deforestation\r\n- Provide complete tracking of carbon and water through land ecosystems into the atmosphere\r\n- Deliver a better quantification of carbon sources and sinks in the oceans\r\n- Understand shelf seas (the shallow seas surrounding the continents) which are rich in life and so draw down much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Other CO2 'hot spots' include the high latitudes: the Arctic and the Antarctic. Earth observation satellites can help establish the importance of these areas.\r\n- Help build a high-resolution global, regional and UK carbon-monitoring system."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 8175,
                    "uuid": "eba1f035928bb74b99a50c5bede41472",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 5: Cryosphere and Polar Oceans",
                    "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to use new EO data to quantify changes in the mass balance of the cryosphere and to develop new models to represent the relevant processes in coupled climate prediction models. \r\n\r\nIts priorities are to:\r\n- Quantify and understand recent mass changes in the marine and land cryosphere\r\n- Exploit three satellites, the US-led gravity satellite GRACE, the European Space Agency's GOCE (Gravity and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite, and Cryosat-2, to provide constraints on models of Arctic Ocean circulation and global sea-level rise\r\n- Provide a historical and future perspective on data gathered during the International Polar Year initiative\r\n- Develop key models of processes involving ice in the climate system"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 8594,
                    "uuid": "65f9f71976e55e5f5e9ecc0963baf40a",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 3: Atmosphere",
                    "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims, by developing an integrated approach to the analysis of satellite measurements, to provide new information on atmospheric composition and aerosols for air-pollution forecasting and testing climate models.\r\n\r\nIts priorities are to: \r\n- Generate data on trace gases and small particles, both natural and man-made, also known as aerosols, in the troposphere (0-11km) and the lower stratosphere (around the altitude commercial jets fly)\r\n- Improve understanding of where these gases and particles come from and how they move in the atmosphere\r\n- Test the UK's chemistry-climate model\r\n- Work with governments across Europe to help monitor pollution and forecast air quality"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12063,
                    "uuid": "e93de3eadbe6b870bf8809bf5be3877c",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 6: Dynamic Earth and Geohazards",
                    "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to use global satellite measurements of the Earth's surface and volcanic gas emissions to advance knowledge of processes responsible for earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes, and to develop better warning systems.\n\nIts priorities are to:\n- Create detailed descriptions of what happens at depth in earthquake zones and construct regional models of faulting and crust deformation\n- Assess the hazards from individual volcanoes by monitoring deformation, lava, thermal radiation and gas and particle emissions\n- Improve the accuracy of surface deformation measurements\n- Realise the potential of the global GPS system of instruments to provide and alternative source of seismological information. This work could also benefit tsunami warning systems."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12064,
                    "uuid": "21ad7311086984e2f742abd610f97d21",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 7: Data Assimilation",
                    "abstract": "The goal of this Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation is to develop the theory of data assimilation, particularly methods to treat uncertainty in the data and models, so that their work underpins other applications within NCEO and  partner agencies.\n\nIts priorities are to:\n- Create data-assimilation techniques for use in coupled, multi-scale Earth-system models\n- Construct techniques to represent uncertainty in observations and models\n- Determine surface movements of trace gases\n- Quantify the impact of observations\n- Develop observing-system simulation experiments"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12068,
                    "uuid": "23ec690c7008ace0e2c75b09633f3846",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 4: Changing Water Cycle and Hazardous Weather",
                    "abstract": "This Theme in the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to use high-resolution models and EO data to understand the processes governing storms and floods and to improve capability to forecast them.\n\nIts priorities are to:\n- Develop data-assimilation techniques that incorporate satellite and ground-based measurements into high-resolution models\n- Improve water and flooding models\n- Exploit data from upcoming missions such as Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and EarthCARE"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 12078,
                    "uuid": "d9c0d70d93fee8786e0c6474e9975bfa",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "NCEO Theme 1: Climate",
                    "abstract": "This Theme of the National Centre for Earth Observation aims to exploit EO to improve national capability for climate prediction over timescales from months to decades.\r\n\r\nIts priorities are to: \r\n- Compare how computer models represent water vapour, clouds and the Earth's radiation budget with satellite data\r\n- Combine ocean-surface data from space with data taken from instruments on-board ships and subsurface ocean monitoring networks to understand changes in ocean circulation and ocean warming\r\n- Improve how climate models represent cryosphere interactions with the oceans and atmosphere\r\n- Improve how climate models represent the land surface, including life processes, and the resulting heat, water and gas exchanges with the atmosphere"
                }
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        {
            "ob_id": 5010,
            "uuid": "2bb3eac1e49d6b6ff33ea362ee2b9a94",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "UK SOLAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory Measurements",
            "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (16.848N, 24.871W) exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data context for SOLAS field campaigns. The observatory is based on Calhau Island of Sao Vicente, Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution. Measurements began at the site in October 2006.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Cape Verde, SOLAS, NERC, NCAS",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 5042,
                "uuid": "41d10de2c45d1e77ae383c069366418a",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Surface Ocean / Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS)",
                "abstract": "UK SOLAS was the UK's contribution to the International SOLAS project.\r\n\r\nThe Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international project involving more than 20 nations. Its central goal is to achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change.\r\n\r\nThis understanding is vital to the construction of Earth System models.\r\n\r\nThe programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), ran for six years. It focuses on processes in and the interaction between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere in the North Atlantic region.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS aims\r\n\r\n    To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges\r\n    To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere\r\n    To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system\r\n\r\nThe outputs will improve our ability to predict climate change, giving insights into natural marine production and the fate of important trace gases. They will show whether these processes are sensitive to other environmental factors. This information is needed by climate modellers and policy makers.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS has brought together scientists, with the skills to address these aims, from numerous research centres and universities. It worked closely with NERC's Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST) programme.\r\n\r\nFieldwork included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic. Ongoing measurements were made aboard the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront. Time series measurements were made at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) L4 station. Additional atmospheric data came from a series of collaborative aircraft campaigns. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX)  and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). \r\n\r\nNERC provided funding for 19 projects. CEDA holds data from DODO, Rhamble, SLATEA and Cape Verde measurements."
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                    "ob_id": 5007,
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                    "title": "UK SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory Measurement Campaign (2006-2009)",
                    "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (16.848N, 24.871W) exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data context for SOLAS field campaigns. The observatory is based on Calhau Island of São Vicente, Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution. Measurements began at the site in October 2006 and are continuing to this day. Note that only observations for the period 2006-2009 were used in the context of the SOLAS project."
                }
            ],
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                3323,
                3322
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        },
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            "ob_id": 5042,
            "uuid": "41d10de2c45d1e77ae383c069366418a",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Surface Ocean / Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS)",
            "abstract": "UK SOLAS was the UK's contribution to the International SOLAS project.\r\n\r\nThe Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international project involving more than 20 nations. Its central goal is to achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change.\r\n\r\nThis understanding is vital to the construction of Earth System models.\r\n\r\nThe programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), ran for six years. It focuses on processes in and the interaction between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere in the North Atlantic region.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS aims\r\n\r\n    To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges\r\n    To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere\r\n    To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system\r\n\r\nThe outputs will improve our ability to predict climate change, giving insights into natural marine production and the fate of important trace gases. They will show whether these processes are sensitive to other environmental factors. This information is needed by climate modellers and policy makers.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS has brought together scientists, with the skills to address these aims, from numerous research centres and universities. It worked closely with NERC's Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST) programme.\r\n\r\nFieldwork included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic. Ongoing measurements were made aboard the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront. Time series measurements were made at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) L4 station. Additional atmospheric data came from a series of collaborative aircraft campaigns. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX)  and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). \r\n\r\nNERC provided funding for 19 projects. CEDA holds data from DODO, Rhamble, SLATEA and Cape Verde measurements.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "SOLAS, NERC, DODO, RHAMBLE, atmosphere, ocean",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 877,
                "uuid": "16e1c51a9eeae188510f2308b18a14fa",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)",
                "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the UK's main agency for funding and managing research, training and knowledge transfer in the environmental sciences."
            },
            "subProject": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5010,
                    "uuid": "2bb3eac1e49d6b6ff33ea362ee2b9a94",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UK SOLAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory Measurements",
                    "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (16.848N, 24.871W) exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data context for SOLAS field campaigns. The observatory is based on Calhau Island of Sao Vicente, Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution. Measurements began at the site in October 2006."
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 5099,
                    "uuid": "ba5fe27e2d7667490b1ee630750f9b3b",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UK SOLAS Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe)",
                    "abstract": "RHaMBLe aims to quantify impacts of marine halogen emissions on atmospheric composition by the direct observation of a range of reactive halogen species (RHS) in the marine atmosphere. Emphasis is placed on the roles of halogens in oxidative processes and on secondary aerosol formation and transformations resulting from the cycling of RHS. \r\n\r\nFieldwork has provided open ocean and coastal measurements. Open ocean work included a research cruise (D319) upwind of Cape Verde (Jan-Jun 2007), and supplementary observations at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory. Coastal observations were made during the summer of 2006 at Roscoff in Brittany. Measurements included trace molecules and radicals, aerosol characteristics and distribution.\r\n\r\nNERC Grants: NE/D006570/1; NE/D006589/1; NE/D006562/1; NE/D006554/1; NE/D00652X/1\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13598,
                    "uuid": "d44ff5b92e824aa989c9f8d5894fb543",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UK SOLAS Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO)",
                    "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean (DODO) project aims toquantify the chemical and microphysical properties of Saharan dust in the tropical Atlantic region.\r\n\r\nFieldwork has combined ship based measurements (PO332) with campaigns using the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft (from Dakar in Jan-Feb. 2006 with DABEX and Sep-Oct. 2006 with AMMA). Measurements have included Chemical composition, microphysics and optical properties of aerosols, Radiative fluxes, Trace gas chemistry.\r\n\r\nNERC Grants: NE/C517276/1; NE/C517292/1; NE/C517284/1"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13599,
                    "uuid": "4d273eab1e8f430e8934c1214e01c4dc",
                    "short_code": "proj",
                    "title": "UK SOLAS Chemical and Physical Structure of the Lower Atmosphere of the Tropical Eastern North Atlantic (SLATEA)",
                    "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Chemical and Physical Structure of the Lower Atmosphere of the Tropical Eastern North Atlantic (SLATEA) aims to investigate the chemical structure of the lowermost atmosphere in remote marine boundary layer regions with high ocean productivity and to quantify chemical gradients induced at the interfacial region.\r\n\r\nFieldwork activities have included participation in the UK SOLAS RHaMBLe cruise (D319), and concurrent aircraft surveys. Resulting data have included: Trace gases such as ozone, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, halocarbons, and volatile organic compounds and Fine aerosol particles.\r\n\r\nNERC Grants: NE/E011330/1; NE/E011403/1 "
                }
            ],
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            "observationCollection": [],
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        {
            "ob_id": 5099,
            "uuid": "ba5fe27e2d7667490b1ee630750f9b3b",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "UK SOLAS Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe)",
            "abstract": "RHaMBLe aims to quantify impacts of marine halogen emissions on atmospheric composition by the direct observation of a range of reactive halogen species (RHS) in the marine atmosphere. Emphasis is placed on the roles of halogens in oxidative processes and on secondary aerosol formation and transformations resulting from the cycling of RHS. \r\n\r\nFieldwork has provided open ocean and coastal measurements. Open ocean work included a research cruise (D319) upwind of Cape Verde (Jan-Jun 2007), and supplementary observations at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory. Coastal observations were made during the summer of 2006 at Roscoff in Brittany. Measurements included trace molecules and radicals, aerosol characteristics and distribution.\r\n\r\nNERC Grants: NE/D006570/1; NE/D006589/1; NE/D006562/1; NE/D006554/1; NE/D00652X/1\r\n",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "rhamble, solas, nerc, halogen",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 5042,
                "uuid": "41d10de2c45d1e77ae383c069366418a",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "Surface Ocean / Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS)",
                "abstract": "UK SOLAS was the UK's contribution to the International SOLAS project.\r\n\r\nThe Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international project involving more than 20 nations. Its central goal is to achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change.\r\n\r\nThis understanding is vital to the construction of Earth System models.\r\n\r\nThe programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), ran for six years. It focuses on processes in and the interaction between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere in the North Atlantic region.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS aims\r\n\r\n    To determine the mechanisms controlling rates of chemical transfer and improve estimates of chemical exchanges\r\n    To evaluate the impact of these exchanges on the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean and lower atmosphere and on feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere\r\n    To quantify the impacts of these boundary layer processes on the global climate system\r\n\r\nThe outputs will improve our ability to predict climate change, giving insights into natural marine production and the fate of important trace gases. They will show whether these processes are sensitive to other environmental factors. This information is needed by climate modellers and policy makers.\r\n\r\nUK SOLAS has brought together scientists, with the skills to address these aims, from numerous research centres and universities. It worked closely with NERC's Quantifying and Understanding the Earth System (QUEST) programme.\r\n\r\nFieldwork included eight dedicated research cruises in the North Atlantic. Ongoing measurements were made aboard the Norwegian weather ship Polarfront. Time series measurements were made at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory and at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) L4 station. Additional atmospheric data came from a series of collaborative aircraft campaigns. These campaigns were funded by UK SOLAS, African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA-UK), Dust and Biomass Experiment (DABEX)  and the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). \r\n\r\nNERC provided funding for 19 projects. CEDA holds data from DODO, Rhamble, SLATEA and Cape Verde measurements."
            },
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                    "ob_id": 13606,
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                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "UK SOLAS Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer (RHaMBLe) campaign at Roscoff, Brittany, France (July-August 2006)",
                    "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer (RHaMBLe) campaign aimed at quantifying marine halogen cycling and investigating its spatial variability. The aim was also to determine the effects of marine halogen cycling on atmospheric oxidative chemistry.\r\n\r\nCoastal observations were made during the summer of 2006 at Roscoff Bay,Brittany, France. \r\n\r\nMeasurements included trace molecules and radicals, aerosol characteristics and distribution.\r\n\r\nThe coastal component of RHaMBle, carried out in Roscoff bay provided direct observational linkage\r\nbetween new particle formation and reactive halogens, resulting in the development of a new\r\nparameterisation for use in large-scale models.\r\n\r\n"
                },
                {
                    "ob_id": 13607,
                    "uuid": "a2d86deca5264e38bce22b8c96f01d99",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "UK SOLAS Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer (RHaMBLe) campaign at Cape Verde (2007)",
                    "abstract": "The UK SOLAS Reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer (RHaMBLe) campaign aimed at quantifying marine halogen cycling and investigating its spatial variability. The aim was also to determine the effects of marine halogen cycling on atmospheric oxidative chemistry.\r\n\r\nFieldwork has provided observations at the SOLAS Cape Verde Observatory in May 2007.\r\n\r\nMeasurements included trace molecules and radicals, aerosol characteristics and distribution (Leeds FAGE, filter packs, mist chambers).\r\n\r\n"
                }
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                8624
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            "ob_id": 5117,
            "uuid": "e97948b0c031207955e758630e29ca32",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "European AQUA Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE)",
            "abstract": "A study of the atmosphere, the land surface and the ocean surface by means of a range of airborne high resolution souders, in conjunction with observations from the Aqua and Aura satellites. The EAQUATE archive held at the BADC includes data collected aboard the FAAM Bae 146 aircraft based at Cranfield, UK, during four flights in September 2004. EAQUATE was a joint UK Met Office and NASA Experiment.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "EAQUATE, FAAM",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5114,
                    "uuid": "a20aa8bcc1254ca96c3c1725960c385f",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the European AQUA Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE)",
                    "abstract": "The European AQUA Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE) was a study of the atmosphere, the land surface and the ocean surface by means of a range of airborne high resolution souders, in conjunction with observations from the Aqua and Aura satellites. The EAQUATE archive held at the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) includes data collected aboard the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Bae 146 aircraft based at Cranfield, UK, during four flights in September 2004."
                }
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            "uuid": "16807a553665d3a49aabbef702197a61",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "VOCALS-UK - Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance",
            "abstract": "VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study  (VOCALS) Regional Experiment was a large multi-national field campaign that was established to investigate the coupled processes that control the climate of the SE Pacific region. This includes the variety of interactions between the ocean surface, the overlying atmosphere and the neighbouring land. A particular focus for the FAAM aircraft studies were the sources of natural and anthropogenic aerosol and an understanding of their physical and chemical properties and a study of the interactions of this aerosol with the persistent stratocumulus cloud in the maritime atmospheric boundary layer.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "VOCALS, FAAM, Ocean, Aerosol, Clouds",
            "status": "",
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                {
                    "ob_id": 5152,
                    "uuid": "c3a5d72a5a24058ae4d56965c18300f1",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment] Project",
                    "abstract": "The VOCALS [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment] campaign was a large multi-national field campaign that has been established to investigate the coupled processes that control the climate of the South-East Pacific region. This includes the variety of interactions between the ocean surface, the overlying atmosphere and the neighbouring land. A particular focus for the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft studies was the sources of natural and anthropogenic aerosol and an understanding of their physical and chemical properties and a study of the interactions of this aerosol with the persistent stratocumulus cloud in the maritime atmospheric boundary layer. The campaign made use of instruments on board the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft to determine the strength and temperature dependence."
                }
            ],
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                3399,
                3400,
                9111
            ],
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        {
            "ob_id": 5344,
            "uuid": "401f2adce7b22d88ce88074b35ea25a9",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Shoeburyness Field Trial: Investigation of Meteorological Effects on the Sound Propagation from a Helicopter Operating Near a Land Sea Interface Project",
            "abstract": "The project was a QinetiQ applied research programme 3G23, funded by Ministry of Defence (MOD). The project duration was from April 2004 to March 2007. Field experiment in May 2006 was to investigate noise modelling of helicopters with regard to long range sound propagation. The trial sought to understand more fully the meteorological effects on sound propagation over a land sea interface.\r\n\r\nQinetiQ ran a two week field trial in May 2006 at Shoeburyness, Southend-on-Sea, Essex which involved the use of the Universities Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) 10.6 μm Doppler lidar system, UFAM microwave radiometer and the 2 m automatic weather station. The field trial was the third trial in a series of validation trials to look at progressively more complicated cases of long range sound propagation.\r\n\r\nThe aim of the project was to investigate the meteorological effects on sound propagation over a land sea interface. The field trial consisted of meteorological and acoustic measurements along the flight path of a helicopter at an altitude, tens of meters above ground level, across the land-sea boundary along the lidar line of sight path. The UFAM Doppler lidar system was used to obtain profiles of the radial velocity to determine turbulence measurements at points along the aircraft flight path. The microwave radiometer was used to provide complimentary temperature profile measurements for input into the models and observe sea-land breeze effects. The automatic weather station was used to gather standard meteorological measurements. The 10.6 μm Doppler lidar and automatic weather station data were archived at the BADC in February 2007 in the appropriate format along with documentation. Unfortunately, there were problems with the microwave radiometer and the data were not valid. The field campaign was funded by the MOD, Applied Research Programme 3G23.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Meteorology, land, sea, noise modelling",
            "status": "completed",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5341,
                    "uuid": "89918483cf448c555e693cbfaa860889",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Shoeburyness Field Trial: radial velocity and meteorology measurements used for investigating meteorological effects on the sound propagation from a helicopter operating near a land sea interface",
                    "abstract": "The project was a QinetiQ applied research programme 3G23, funded by Ministry of Defence (MOD). The project duration was from April 2004 to March 2007. Field experiment in May 2006 was to investigate noise modelling of helicopters with regard to long range sound propagation. The trial sought to understand more fully the meteorological effects on sound propagation over a land sea interface.\r\n\r\nThis dataset collection contains profiles of the radial velocity at points along the aircraft flight path and standard meteorological measurements from an automatic weather station.\r\n\r\nThe Universities Facility for Atmospheric Measurement (UFAM) Doppler lidar system and automatic weather station were operated by the University of Salford."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                3482,
                3483
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
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                74408,
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        {
            "ob_id": 5364,
            "uuid": "4c436b2b1361732f01ca6b2f795b6ae3",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II)",
            "abstract": "A NASA aircraft expedition from October 1991 to March 1992 was staged over a period of eight months from Moffett Field, California; Fairbanks, Alaska; Anchorage, Alaska; Stavanger, Norway; and Bangor, Maine. The mission used two aircraft to study the lower stratosphere: a high altitude ER-2 aircraft for in situ observations and a long range DC-8 for remote sensing observations.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "Model, Aircraft, Satellite",
            "status": "",
            "parentProject": null,
            "subProject": [],
            "imageDetails": [],
            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5361,
                    "uuid": "1793a892e540cdca61e72fdae4ae4573",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II): airborne, satellite and model atmospheric chemistry data",
                    "abstract": "The Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) which was based in Bangor, Maine between October 1991 and March 1992, with ER-2 flights from Ames Research Center, Fairbanks (Alaska), and Bangor; and DC-8 flights from Ames, Bangor, Anchorage (Alaska), Stavanger (Norway), and Tahiti, was a follow-up to an earlier AASE campaign in 1989. The dataset consists of measurements collected onboard the NASA ER-2 and DC-8 aircraft (for example, ClO, BrO, HCl, O3, NOx, N2O, HNO3, whole air samples and aerosol measurements). In addition, there are ozonesonde soundings from six Canadian stations, global grid point values of Nimbus 7 TOMS ozone, and selected radiosonde soundings from stations in the region of the experiment. Theory teams provided calculations of potential vorticity, temperature, geopotential, horizontal winds, parcel back trajectories, and concentrations of short lived species along the aircraft flight tracks; and northern hemispheric analyses of potential vorticity, temperature, geopotential, horizontal winds, and radiative heating rates."
                }
            ],
            "identifier_set": [
                3501,
                3502
            ],
            "responsiblepartyinfo_set": [
                23604
            ],
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        },
        {
            "ob_id": 5407,
            "uuid": "4afb58c7bc065928378a16415e69081a",
            "short_code": "proj",
            "title": "NCAS-AMF: Long term observations at Cardington, Bedfordshire",
            "abstract": "The Natural Environment Research Council's (NERC) National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) undertake a number of long term measurements by a suite of instruments to support ongoing atmospheric research at a variety of locations. These include a long-term observation mode of instruments from the NCAS Atmospheric Measurement Facility (AMF) when not deployed on specific field campaign duties for other projects. One such long-term deployment covers the NCAS mobile wind profiler deployed at the Met Office's Cardington site in Bedfordshire. This complements other long-term wind profilers in the UK, incuding the NERC Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar located near Absersystwyth, mid-Wales  - an alternative site also used for the NCAS AMF mobile wind profiler for long-term observations.",
            "publicationState": "published",
            "keywords": "NCAS, AMF, long-term observations, wind profiles",
            "status": "ongoing",
            "parentProject": {
                "ob_id": 876,
                "uuid": "5dec0065e8375e1600ee91f4599f782d",
                "short_code": "proj",
                "title": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Observations",
                "abstract": "The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Obervations division is responsible for the provision and support of scientific observational facilities for researchers across the UK to enable excellent atmospheric science on a national scale. These include a world-leading research aircraft, ground based observatories at Weybourne, Norfolk, UK, Chilbolton, Aberystwyth and Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and a ground-based instrumentation pool available for use in field campaigns. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is the parent organisation of NCAS. To access the data from NCAS Observations select the appropriate dataset collection."
            },
            "subProject": [],
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            "observationCollection": [
                {
                    "ob_id": 5404,
                    "uuid": "a0c7a4c46a83992cfdf9820a4b253923",
                    "short_code": "coll",
                    "title": "NCAS Long Term Observations of atmospheric dynamics and composition",
                    "abstract": "The UK's Natural Environment Research Council's (NERC) National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS) operates a suite of instrumentation to monitor the atmospheric dynamics and composition of the atmosphere. This dataset brings together all the long term routine observations made by NCAS instruments covering surface based instruments as well as remote sensing instruments such as radars and lidars. Some of the instruments may also be deployed elsewhere on field campaigns, for which the data will be available under the associated field campaign dataset. Links are also available to pages describing the instruments from which links to all data from that particular instrument can be found."
                }
            ],
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                3526,
                3527
            ],
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                23711,
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                103906,
                103908,
                103907,
                103909
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    ]
}